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Tobacco Control Policies in Vietnam: Review on MPOWER Implementation Progress and Challenges
Hoang, Van Minh,Tran, Thu Ngan,Vu, Quynh Mai,Nguyen, Thi Tuyet My,Le, Hong Chung,Vu, Duy Kien,Tran, Tuan Anh,Nguyen, Bao Ngoc,Vu, Van Giap,Nguyen, Manh Cuong,Pham, Duc Manh,Kim, Bao Giang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1
In Vietnam, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) took effect in March 2005 while MPOWER has been implemented since 2008. This paper describes the progress and challenges of implementation of the MPOWER package in Vietnam. We can report that, in term of monitoring, Vietnam is very active in the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, completing two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and three rounds of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). To protect people from tobacco smoke, Vietnam has issued and enforced a law requiring comprehensive smoking bans at workplaces and public places since 2013. Tobacco advertising and promotion are also prohibited with the exception of points of sale displays of tobacco products. Violations come in the form of promotion girls, corporate social responsibility activities from tobacco manufacturers and packages displayed by retail vendors. Vietnam is one of the 77 countries that require pictorial health warnings to be printed on cigarette packages to warn about the danger of tobacco and the warnings have been implemented effectively. Cigarette tax is 70% of factory price which is equal to less than 45% of retail price and much lower than the recommendation of WHO. However, Vietnam is one of the very few countries that require manufacturers and importers to make "compulsory contributions" at 1-2% of the factory price of cigarettes sold in Vietnam for the establishment of a Tobacco Control Fund (TCF). The TCF is being operated well. In 2015, 67 units of 63 provinces/cities, 22 ministries and political-social organizations and 6 hospitals received funding from TCF to implement a wide range of tobacco control activities. Cessation services have been starting with a a toll-free quit-line but need to be further strengthened. In conclusion, Vietnam has constantly put efforts into the tobacco control field with high commitment from the government, scientists and activists. Though several remarkable achievements have been gained, many challenges remain. To overcome those challenges, implementation strategies that take into account the contextual factors and social determinants of tobacco use in Vietnam are needed.
Triterpenoids from aerial parts of Glochidion eriocarpum.
Thu, Vu Kim,Kiem, Phan Van,Yen, Pham Hai,Nhiem, Nguyen Xuan,Tung, Nguyen Huu,Cuong, Nguyen Xuan,Minh, Chau Van,Huong, Hoang Thanh,Lau, Trinh Van,Thuan, Ngo Thi,Kim, Young Ho Natural Product Communications 2010 Natural product communications Vol.5 No.3
<P>From the aerial parts of Glochidion eriocarpum, a new triterpene, glochieriol (1), three new triterpenoid saponins, glochieriosides C - E (2 - 4), together with four known triterpenes (glochidonol, glochidiol, lupeol, and 3-epi-lupeol) were isolated by using combined chromatographic separations. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, including FTICR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR.</P>
Chemical Constituents of the Morinda tomentosa Leaves and their α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity
Vu, Huong Giang,Ninh, Khac Ban,Nguyen, Xuan Nhiem,Phan, Van Kiem,Chau Van, Minh,Hoang, Le Tuan Anh,Pham, Hai Yen,Bui, Huu Tai,Nguyen, Xuan Cuong,Nguyen, Hoai Nam,Kim, Seung Hyun,Kwon, Young-In,Kim, Yo Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.5
Vu Thi Yen,Wang Yao Nan,Pham Van Cuong,Nguyen Xuan Quynh,Vu Huu Thich 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2017 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.15 No.6
In this paper, a robust adaptive control method based on Dynamic Structure Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Networks(FWNNs) system is presented for trajectory tracking control of industrial robot manipulators (IRM) withuncertainties and disturbances via adaptive sliding mode control (SMC). Four layer FWNNs in the Dynamic structureFWNNs is constructed on the basis of fuzzy rules which associates with wavelet function in the consequentpart, to compensate for structured and unstructured uncertainties and model complex processes. However, it isdifficult to design a suitable control scheme to achieve the required approximation errors, such as friction forces,external disturbances error and parameter variations. To deal with the mentioned problems, all the parameters of theDynamic structure FWNNs system are tuned on-line by an adaptive learning algorithm, and adaptive robust controllaws are determined by Lyapunov stability theorem. By using Dynamic structure FWNNs, this control systemcould achieve desired tracking performance, the stability and robustness of the closed-loop manipulators system areguaranteed. In addition, the simulations and experimental performed on a three-link IRM are provided in comparisonwith wavelet network control (WNC) and adaptive Fuzzy control (AFC) to demonstrate the effectiveness androbustness of the proposed Dynamic structure FWNNs methodology.
Robust Adaptive Sliding Mode Neural Networks Control for Industrial Robot Manipulators
Vu Thi Yen,Wang Yao Nan,Pham Van Cuong 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.3
This paper proposes an original robust adaptive controller by using Radial Basis Function Neural networks(RBFNNs) for industrial robot manipulators (IRMs) in uncertain dynamical environments. This suggestedcontrol structure combines sliding mode technique, RBFNNs approximation and adaptive technique to improve thehigh accuracy of the tracking control. The proposed RBFNNs can deal the small problems successful because ofits simple structure, faster training update laws and better approximation for the unknown dynamic of IRMs. Allthe parameters of the proposed control system are determined by Lyapunov stability theorem, and tuned online byan adaptive learning algorithm. Therefore, the stability, robustness and desired tracking performance of RBFNNsfor IRMs are guaranteed. The simulations and experimental performed on a three-link IRMs are proposed in comparisonwith proportional integral differential (PID) and adaptive Fuzzy (AF) control to prove the robustness andefficiency of the RBFNNs.
Vu Thi Thu,Dang Van Cuong,김나리,염재범,Mohamad Warda,박원선,고재홍,김의용,한진 대한약리학회 2007 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.11 No.2
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is known to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced injuries, and regional differences in the mitochondrial antioxidant state during IR or IPC may promote the death or survival of viable and infarcted cardiac tissues under oxidative stress. To date, however, the interplay between the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme system and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body has not yet been resolved. In the present study, we examined the effects of IR- and IPC-induced oxidative stresses on mitochondrial function in viable and infarcted cardiac tissues. Our results showed that the mitochondria from viable areas in the IR-induced group were swollen and fused, whereas those in the infarcted area were heavily damaged. IPC protected the mitochondria, thus reducing cardiac injury. We also found that the activity of the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme system, which includes manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), was enhanced in the viable areas compared to the infarcted areas in proportion with decreasing levels of ROS and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. These changes were also present between the IPC and IR groups. Regional differences in Mn-SOD expression were shown to be related to a reduction in mtDNA damage as well as to the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt c). To the best of our knowledge, this might be the first study to explore the regional mitochondrial changes during IPC. The present findings are expected to help elucidate the molecular mechanism involved in IPC and helpful in the development of new clinical strategies against ischemic heart disease.
Thu, Vu Thi,Cuong, Dang Van,Kim, Na-Ri,Youm, Jae-Boum,Warda, Mohamad,Park, Won-Sun,Ko, Jae-Hong,Kim, Eui-Yong,Han, Jin The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2007 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.11 No.2
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is known to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced injuries, and regional differences in the mitochondrial antioxidant state during IR or IPC may promote the death or survival of viable and infarcted cardiac tissues under oxidative stress. To date, however, the interplay between the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme system and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body has not yet been resolved. In the present study, we examined the effects of IR- and IPC-induced oxidative stresses on mitochondrial function in viable and infarcted cardiac tissues. Our results showed that the mitochondria from viable areas in the IR-induced group were swollen and fused, whereas those in the infarcted area were heavily damaged. IPC protected the mitochondria, thus reducing cardiac injury. We also found that the activity of the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme system, which includes manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), was enhanced in the viable areas compared to the infarcted areas in proportion with decreasing levels of ROS and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. These changes were also present between the IPC and IR groups. Regional differences in Mn-SOD expression were shown to be related to a reduction in mtDNA damage as well as to the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt c). To the best of our knowledge, this might be the first study to explore the regional mitochondrial changes during IPC. The present findings are expected to help elucidate the molecular mechanism involved in IPC and helpful in the development of new clinical strategies against ischemic heart disease.
Hoang, Van Minh,Le, Hong Chung,Kim, Bao Giang,Duong, Minh Duc,Nguyen, Duc Hinh,Vu, Quynh Mai,Nguyen, Manh Cuong,Pham, Duc Manh,Ha, Anh Duc,Yang, Jui-Chen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1
Two years after implementation of the graphic health warning intervention in Vietnam, it is very important to evaluate the intervention's potential impact. The objective of this paper was to predict effects of graphic health warnings on cigarette packages, particularly in reducing cigarette demand and smoking-associated deaths in Vietnam. In this study, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) method was used to evaluate the potential impact of graphic tobacco health warnings on smoking demand. To predict the impact of GHWs on reducing premature deaths associated with smoking, we constructed different static models. We adapted the method developed by University of Toronto, Canada and found that GHWs had statistically significant impact on reducing cigarette demand (up to 10.1% through images of lung damage), resulting in an overall decrease of smoking prevalence in Vietnam. We also found that between 428,417- 646,098 premature deaths would be prevented as a result of the GHW intervention. The potential impact of the GHW labels on reducing premature smoking-associated deaths in Vietnam were shown to be stronger among lower socio-economic groups.