五臺山演習林의 植物群集에 關한 硏究(Ⅰ) : 種組成 및 多樣性 Species Composition and Diversity

尹相旭,金昌浩,朴敎秀 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 1993 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.3

This study was to provide the fundamental data for efficient reservation and management of the Mt. Odae experiment forest of Dongguk University. Obtained results are as follows : 1. As results of simple discriminant analysis, contents of silt and sand showed the most high contribution percent to the discriminant between each physiographic location, ridge and glen parts, steep and slow slopes, and high and low elevation, and among those locations steep slopes were the poorest soil condition. 2. By the community differential table the plant communities of this area are classified by Quercus mongolica―Acer pseudo―Sieboldianum―Rhododendron schlippenbachii community, Carpinus laxiflora―Styrax obassia―Lindera obtusiloba community, Pinus densiflora―Quercus serrata―Lespedeza spp. community, and 3 species groups that mainly appear in ridge part, glen part, and high elevation area, respectively. 3. Quercus mongolica showed the high importance value in ridge part, steep slopes, high elevation area, Carpinus laxiflora n glen part, and Pinus densiflora in low elevation area. 4. Glen part had more rich species than ridge part, and slow slopes was the area where had the the rich species among all the physiographic location. 5. As species diversity(H´) and evenness(J´) were the most high value in slow slopes and the most low one in ridge parts, it were closely related to the degree of inclination of slope, and dominance(1­J´) were the high value in glen parts.

Morgagni 탈장 : 1례 보고

오연희,이창욱,김승현,이성우,정병욱,이준희,박동일,권영무,신현종 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-

Morgagni 탈장은 횡격막의 전내측 부위의 발달이상으로 열공을 통하여 장관이나 대망과 같은 복강내 구조물이 흉곽내로 빠져나가는 드문 질환으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 호흡곤란을 주소로 내원하여 방사선학적 검사와 수술로 확진된 1례를 보고한다. Morgagni hernia is improperly located abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity through the foramen of Morgagni which is a congenital defect at the anterornedial portion of diaphragm. We report a case of Morgagni hernia diagnosed by radiologic examination and operation.

두개골의 3차원 영상 분석을 위한 전산화단층촬영 방법의 비교 : 상층 두께가 3차원 영상의 계측에 미치는 영향

정호걸,김기덕,박혁,김동욱,정해조,김희중,유선국,김용욱,박창서 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2004 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.34 No.3

Purpose : To evaluate the quantitative accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) images by means of comparing distance measurements on the 3D images with direct measurements of dry human skull according to slice thickness and scanning modes. Materials and Mathods : An observer directly measured the distance of 21 line items between 12 orthodontic landmarks on the skull surface using a digital vernier caliper and each was repeated five times. The dry human skull was scanned with a Helical CT with various slice thickness (3, 5, 7 mm) and acquisition modes (Conventional and Helical). The same observer measured corresponding distance of the same items on reconstructed 3D images with the internal program of V-works 4.0 (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea). The quantitative accuracy of distance measurements were statistically evaluated with Wilcoxons’ two-sample test. Results : 11 line items in Conventional 3 mm, 8 in Helical 3mm, 11 in Conventional 5 mm, 10 in Helical 5 mm, 5 in Conventional 7 mm and 9 in Helical 7 mm showed no statistically significant difference. Average difference between direct measurements and measurements on 3D CT images was within 2 mm in 19 line items of Conventional 3 mm, 20 of Helical 3 mm, 15 of Conventional 5 mm, 18 of Helical 5 mm, 11 of Conventional 7mm and 16 of Helical 7 mm. Conclusion : Considering image quality and patient’s exposure time, scanning protocol of Helical 5 mm is recommended for 3D image analysis of the skull in CT.

광물질 혼화재를 함유한 고성능 콘크리트의 자기수축

이창수,박종혁,김용혁,김영욱,Lee,Chang-Soo,Park,Jong-Hyok,Kim,Yong-Hyok,Kim,Young-Ook 한국방재학회 2007 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.7 No.3

플라이 애쉬와 고로슬래그를 함유하고 물-결합재비가 낮은 고성능 콘크리트의 자기건조에 의한 습도감소와 수축과의 연관성을 파악하기 위하여 내부 습도와 변형률을 측정하였다. 그 결과 일반 콘크리트 내부 습도 감소는 약 10% 수축변형률은 약 <TEX>$320{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>까지 진행하였으며 플라이 애쉬 10%, 20% 혼입한 콘크리트의 경우 각각 10%, 7%의 습도 감소와 <TEX>$274{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>, <TEX>$231{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>의 변형률을 나타내었다. 고로슬래그 40%, 50%를 혼입한 콘크리트는 11%, <TEX>$371{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>, O30G50은 11%, <TEX>$350{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>의 습도감소와 수축 변형률을 나타내었으며 플라이 애쉬 혼입 콘크리트는 일반 콘크리트에 비해 습도 감소량과 변형률이 감소하며 고로슬래그 혼입 콘크리트는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 자기수축의 경우 내부 습도와 변형률의 관계만을 고려할 때 플라이 애쉬, 고로슬래그 혼입 유무에 상관없이 모두 습도와 변형률은 강한 선형성을 보였다. 콘크리트 내부 습도 변화와 수축변형률의 관계를 보다 구체화하기 위하여 콘크리트 내부 공극을 단일 네트워크로 가정하고 확장 메니스커스 생성 가정 하에 공극수에서 발생하는 모세관 압력과 수화조직체에서 발생하는 표면에너지 변화를 습도의 함수로 모델링하여 수축의 구동력으로 작용시킨 결과 실험값과 비교적 일치하는 값을 나타내었다. 이를 근거로 물-결합재비가 낮은 고성능 콘크리트에서 자기건조에 의한 습도감소는 20nm이하의 소형공극에서 발생함을 파악할 수 있었으며 따라서 자기수축에 대한 제어 방안은 이러한 소형공극에서의 공극수 표면장력과 포화도에 초점을 맞추어야 함을 확인할 수 있었다.한 지침을 제공한다.편차는 각각 1.1 mm, 2.1 mm, 1.0 mm로 나타났다. 하체 고정기구를 사용한 환자군에서 디지털재구성사진과 모의 치료사진의 차이는 좌우, 전후, 두미 방향에 따라 각각 <TEX>$1.3{\pm}1.9\;mm$</TEX>, <TEX>$1.8{\pm}1.5\;mm$</TEX>, <TEX>$1.1{\pm}1.1\;mm$</TEX>, 디지털재구성사진과 조사영역사진 간의 차이는 각각 <TEX>$1.0{\pm}1.8\;mm$</TEX>, <TEX>$1.2{\pm}0.9\;mm$</TEX>, <TEX>$1.2{\pm}0.8\;mm$</TEX>, 조사영역사진 간의 평균 표준편차는 각각 0.9 mm, 1.6 mm, 0.8 mm로 고정기구를 사용하지 않았을 때보다 유의하게 재현성이 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: 본 연구에서 고안된 하체 고정기구는 골반부암 환자 치료 시 편안함을 제공해 주고 재현성 향상에 도움을 주는 것으로 사료된다..) 이 때 방사선 조사량의 중앙값은 3,600 cGy이었다. 이후 추가 방사선 치료 시 계획용 CT를 사용하지 않고 2-oblique fields 사용하여 치료한 경우가 87명(35.4%)이었는데 방사선 조사량의 중앙값은 1,800 cGy이었다. 전 환자에서 1일 1회 180 cGy로 치료하였다. 전 환자에서 조사된 총 방사선량의 중앙값은 5,580 cGy이었다. 수술 후 방사선 치료를 시행한 경우 중앙값은 5,040 cGy이었고 수술을 받지 않은 환자 중앙값은 5,940 cGy이었다. 근접조사 방사선 치료는 총 34명(13.8%)에서 시행되었고, 전 환자에서 high dose rate Iridium-192를 사용하였다. 조사범위는 종양에서 longitudinal margin의 중앙값은 1 cm, prescribed isodose curve에서 axial length의 평균값 Humidity and strain were estimated for understanding the relation between humidity change by self-desiccation and shrinkage in high-performance concrete with low water binder ratio and containing fly ash and blast furnace slag. Internal humidity change and shrinkage strain were about 10%, 10%, 7%, 11%, 11% and <TEX>$320{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>, <TEX>$270{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>, <TEX>$231{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>, <TEX>$371{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>, <TEX>$350{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX> respectively on OPC30, O30F10, O30F20, O30G40, O30G50 and from the results, fly ash made humidity change and strain decrease but slag increase comparing with ordinary portland cement. Considering only relation internal humidity and shrinkage by self-desiccation, humidity change and shrinkage represented the strong linear relation regardless of mineral admixture. For specifying the relation on internal humidity change and autogenous shrinkage strain, shrinkage model was established which is driven by capillary pressure in pore water and surface energy in hydrates on the assumption of a single network and extended meniscus in pore system of concrete. This model and experimental results had a similar tendency so it would be concluded that the internal humidity change by self-desiccation in HPC originated in small pores less than 20nm, therefore controlling plan on autogenous shrinkage might be focused on surface tension of water and degree of saturation in small pore.

New therapies in atopic dermatitis: Biologics vs. small molecules? Small molecules (Cons)

( Chang Ook Park ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.73 No.1

Proteoglycan combined with hyaluronic acid and hydrolyzed collagen restores skin barrier in mild atopic dermatitis and dry, eczema-prone skin

( Chang Ook Park ),( Young In Lee ),( Sang Gyu Lee ),( Jemin Kim ),( Sooyeon Choi ),( Inhee Jung ),( Ju Hee Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.73 No.1

Background: Dry and eczema-prone skin in conditions such as atopic dermatitis and xerotic eczema primarily indicate impaired skin barrier function, which leads to chronic pruritus. Objectives: We investigated the effects of a novel emollient, H.ECMTM liposome, which contained soluble proteoglycan, in combination with hydrolyzed collagen and hyaluronic acid. Methods: A prospective, single-arm study was conducted in 25 participants with mild atopic dermatitis or dry skin to assess the hydration and anti-inflammatory effect of the novel emollient applied daily over 4 weeks. All efficacy parameters, including itching severity, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and skin hydration, improved significantly after 4 weeks. The subsequent in vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed the restoration of skin barrier function. Results: The clinical study was conducted on 25 Asian patients, with mild atopic dermatitis and dry skin. The participants applied the study cream H.ECMTM liposome twice daily onto their skin lesions for 4 weeks. The improvements of the skin barrier function and hydration were measured primarily by TEWL and corneometer, both of which improved significantly after the application of the study cream. The subsequent in vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed the restoration of skin barrier function. Conclusion: The study revealed the clinical and laboratory efficacy of H.ECMTM liposome in not only reducing itching but also improving the skin barrier integrity.

New therapies in atopic dermatitis: Biologics vs. small molecules? Small molecules (Cons)

( Chang Ook Park ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.73 No.-

Reassuring clinical evidences of dupilumab with targeted MOA

( Chang Ook Park ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.73 No.1

Dupilumab is the first biologic that blocks IL-4Rα, the shared receptor subunit for IL-4 and IL-13, thus inhibiting signaling of both IL-4 and IL-13. It has shown to be clinically effective and safe in the management of AD both in clinical and real-world aspects. This lecture is intended to zoom on the safety of dupilumab with the latest update. As known, dupilumab, as a monotherapy and with concomitant TCS, resulted in rapid, sustained and clinically meaningful improvements in AD signs, symptoms and QoL in short-term (SOLO 1 & 2 and CAFÉ; through Week 16) and longer-term (CHRONOS; through Week 52) studies in adults with moderate-to-severe AD in its phase 3 clinical trials. Such improvements in AD signs and symptoms were successfully sustained over 3 years (long-term adult OLE study; through Week 148), vouching dupilumab’s long-term efficacy as the maintenance therapy for moderate-to-severe AD. Dupilumab’s clinical efficacy was also consistently demonstrated in the recent pivotal studies targeting patients as young as 6 years old, leading to its recent marketing approval in adolescent and child AD with moderate-to-severe disease severity. To date, improvements in AD signs with dupilumab in real-world clinical practice have been similar to those observed in clinical trials including patients with different AD and difficult-to-treat patients by multiple global registries and real-world data. The latest Korean real-world clinical experiences have been well aligned with global experiences - e.g., recent 52 week single-center retrospective study on dupilumab in Korean (EASI-75: 90.2%, EASI-90: 53.7% in week 52, ISAD oral presentation) Based on real world satisfaction, higher persistence rate of dupilumab has been continuously reported compared to immunosuppressants. The overall safety/tolerability profile of dupilumab is the result of its mode of action as a targeted inhibitor of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation and the pathogenesis of AD; consequently, dupilumab is not associated with an increased risk of infections, malignancy, or other important adverse reactions that are common with biologics targeting type 1 immunity (eg, anti TNF agents) and with systemic immunosuppressants. In contrast to the traditional systemic immunosuppressants, dupilumab reduced the risk of serious and severe infections, as well as skin infections; no increase in the incidence of overall infections was observed. Dupilumab can also be safely used with non-live vaccines (Tdap and meningococcal polysaccharide) and similar antibody responses to the non-live vaccines were observed in dupilumab-treated and placebo-treated patients; Based on the previous studies and its selected mode of action, dupilumab is thought to have no attenuation of COVID-19 vaccination and can be deemed as safe treatment option in high-epidemic era. The favorable long-term safety/tolerability profile of dupilumab observed in patients treated for up to 3 years in open-label extension study and patients in the Korean real world setting is consistent with that seen in studies of shorter treatment duration. The most common AEs with dupilumab (incidence ≥ 1%) were injection-site reactions, ocular disorders (eg, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and blepharitis), and oral herpes (cold sores). It’s noteworthy that dupilumab can be safely deployed for adolescent and child patients treatment, given its similar/consistent safety/tolerability compared with that observed in adults. Laboratory monitoring, prior to and during treatment, is not required with dupilumab, allowing infrequent clinic visits for treatment monitoring. Dupilumab does not have a clinically meaningful effect on cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism, thereby leading to no potential for clinically relevant drug-drug interactions with dupilumab, based on data from a dedicated DDI study. Recent case reports also highlight dupilumab’s reaffirmed safety and efficacy in the high-risk patients including but not limited to the immunosuppressive (eg, HIV), the infected (eg,HBV) and the elderly with various co-morbidities and polypharmacy. With this comprehensive evidence review, dupilumab has favorable long-term safety and tolerability in patients with moderate-to-severe AD as young as 6 years, as supported by data from clinical trials up to 3 years and real world.

Staged development of long-lived T-cell receptor αβ T_H17 resident memory T-cell population to <i>Candida albicans</i> after skin infection

Park, Chang Ook,Fu, Xiujun,Jiang, Xiaodong,Pan, Youdong,Teague, Jessica E.,Collins, Nicholas,Tian, Tian,O'Malley, John T.,Emerson, Ryan O.,Kim, Ji Hye,Jung, Yookyung,Watanabe, Rei,Fuhlbrigge, Robert C Elsevier 2018 The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.142 No.2

<P><B>Background</B></P> <P> <I>Candida albicans</I> is a dimorphic fungus to which human subjects are exposed early in life, and by adulthood, it is part of the mycobiome of skin and other tissues. Neonatal skin lacks resident memory T (T<SUB>RM</SUB>) cells, but in adults the <I>C albicans</I> skin test is a surrogate for immunocompetence. Young adult mice raised under specific pathogen-free conditions are naive to <I>C albicans</I> and have been shown recently to have an immune system resembling that of neonatal human subjects.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>We studied the evolution of the adaptive cutaneous immune response to <I>Candida</I> species.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We examined both human skin T cells and the <I>de novo</I> and memory immune responses in a mouse model of <I>C albicans</I> skin infection.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In mice the initial IL-17–producing cells after <I>C albicans</I> infection were dermal γδ T cells, but by day 7, αβ T<SUB>H</SUB>17 effector T cells were predominant. By day 30, the majority of <I>C albicans</I>–reactive IL-17–producing T cells were CD4 T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells. Intravital microscopy showed that CD4 effector T cells were recruited to the site of primary infection and were highly motile 10 days after infection. Between 30 and 90 days after infection, these CD4 T cells became increasingly sessile, acquired expression of CD69 and CD103, and localized to the papillary dermis. These established T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells produced IL-17 on challenge, whereas motile migratory memory T cells did not. T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells rapidly clear an infectious challenge with <I>C albicans</I> more effectively than recirculating T cells, although both populations participate. We found that in normal human skin IL-17–producing CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells that responded to <I>C albicans</I> in an MHC class II–restricted fashion could be identified readily.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These studies demonstrate that <I>C albicans</I> infection of skin preferentially generates CD4<SUP>+</SUP> IL-17–producing T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells, which mediate durable protective immunity.</P>

Reassuring clinical evidences of dupilumab with targeted MOA

( Chang Ook Park ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.73 No.-

Dupilumab is the first biologic that blocks IL-4Rα, the shared receptor subunit for IL-4 and IL-13, thus inhibiting signaling of both IL-4 and IL-13. It has shown to be clinically effective and safe in the management of AD both in clinical and real-world aspects. This lecture is intended to zoom on the safety of dupilumab with the latest update. As known, dupilumab, as a monotherapy and with concomitant TCS, resulted in rapid, sustained and clinically meaningful improvements in AD signs, symptoms and QoL in short-term (SOLO 1 & 2 and CAFÉ; through Week 16) and longer-term (CHRONOS; through Week 52) studies in adults with moderate-to-severe AD in its phase 3 clinical trials. Such improvements in AD signs and symptoms were successfully sustained over 3 years (long-term adult OLE study; through Week 148), vouching dupilumab’s long-term efficacy as the maintenance therapy for moderate-to-severe AD. Dupilumab’s clinical efficacy was also consistently demonstrated in the recent pivotal studies targeting patients as young as 6 years old, leading to its recent marketing approval in adolescent and child AD with moderate-to-severe disease severity. To date, improvements in AD signs with dupilumab in real-world clinical practice have been similar to those observed in clinical trials including patients with different AD and difficult-to-treat patients by multiple global registries and real-world data. The latest Korean real-world clinical experiences have been well aligned with global experiences - e.g., recent 52 week single-center retrospective study on dupilumab in Korean (EASI-75: 90.2%, EASI-90: 53.7% in week 52, ISAD oral presentation) Based on real world satisfaction, higher persistence rate of dupilumab has been continuously reported compared to immunosuppressants. The overall safety/tolerability profile of dupilumab is the result of its mode of action as a targeted inhibitor of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation and the pathogenesis of AD; consequently, dupilumab is not associated with an increased risk of infections, malignancy, or other important adverse reactions that are common with biologics targeting type 1 immunity (eg, anti TNF agents) and with systemic immunosuppressants. In contrast to the traditional systemic immunosuppressants, dupilumab reduced the risk of serious and severe infections, as well as skin infections; no increase in the incidence of overall infections was observed. Dupilumab can also be safely used with non-live vaccines (Tdap and meningococcal polysaccharide) and similar antibody responses to the non-live vaccines were observed in dupilumab-treated and placebo-treated patients; Based on the previous studies and its selected mode of action, dupilumab is thought to have no attenuation of COVID-19 vaccination and can be deemed as safe treatment option in high-epidemic era. The favorable long-term safety/tolerability profile of dupilumab observed in patients treated for up to 3 years in open-label extension study and patients in the Korean real world setting is consistent with that seen in studies of shorter treatment duration. The most common AEs with dupilumab (incidence ≥ 1%) were injection-site reactions, ocular disorders (eg, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and blepharitis), and oral herpes (cold sores). It’s noteworthy that dupilumab can be safely deployed for adolescent and child patients treatment, given its similar/consistent safety/tolerability compared with that observed in adults. Laboratory monitoring, prior to and during treatment, is not required with dupilumab, allowing infrequent clinic visits for treatment monitoring. Dupilumab does not have a clinically meaningful effect on cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism, thereby leading to no potential for clinically relevant drug-drug interactions with dupilumab, based on data from a dedicated DDI study. Recent case reports also highlight dupilumab’s reaffirmed safety and efficacy in the high-risk patients including but not limited to the immunosuppressive (eg, HIV), the infected (eg,HBV) and the elderly with various co-morbidities and polypharmacy. With this comprehensive evidence review, dupilumab has favorable long-term safety and tolerability in patients with moderate-to-severe AD as young as 6 years, as supported by data from clinical trials up to 3 years and real world.