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Adrenomedullin Deficiency Increases the Susceptibility of Liver Fibrosis Induced by CCl<SUB>4</SUB>
Ae-Ri Ji(지애리),Meeyul Hwang(황미열),Ah-Young Kim(김아영),Eun-Mi Lee(이은미),Eun-Joo Lee(이은주),Myeong-Mi Lee(이명미),Soo-Eun Sung(성수은),Sang-Hyeob Kim(김상협),Jin-Kyu Park(박진규),Kyu-Shik Jeong(정규식) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.4
아드레노메둘린은 모든 조직에서 발현되는 펩타이드로 이 펩타이드 수용체가 간경화 유발 시 증가된다. 이번 연구에서는 사염화탄소(CCl4) 투여로 유도되는 간경화에서 아드레노메둘린의 효과를 아드레노메둘린 유전자 한쪽이 결핍된 생쥐에서 관찰하였다. 사염화탄소를 일회투여 받은 급성 군과 6주 동안 지속적으로 투여 받은 만성군으로 나누어 효과를 관찰하였다. 간경화 정도는 병리조직적 검사와 웨스턴 블롯 방법을 사용하여 측정하였다. 급성에서는 결핍된 생쥐와 야생형 생쥐에서 별다른 차이점이 없었다. 만성의 경우 아드레노메둘린이 결핍된 생쥐에서 심각한 간경화가 관찰되었다. 아스파르테이트 아미노전이요소(AST)와 알라닌 아미노전이요소(ALT) 수치가 아드레노메둘린이 결핍된 생쥐 군에서 높게 관찰되었다. 간경화 마커 단백질인 콜라젠, 알파-SMA과 TGF-beta가 아드레노메둘린이 결핍된 생쥐 군에서 높게 관찰되었다. 또한 아드레노메둘린 결핍 생쥐 군은 심각한 지질 과산화 반응이 확인되었고 이는 글루타시오 펄옥시다아제(GSH)의 감소가 원인이었다. 따라서 이 연구는 아드레노메둘린의 결핍은 사염화탄소로 유도된 간경화 감수성을 증가시키는 것으로 결론할 수 있다. 이로써 아드레노메둘린은 간경화 새로운 치료 타겟으로 사용될 수 있음을 나타낸다. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide expressed in all body tissues, and its related receptors are increased in liver fibrosis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of AM deficiency on liver fibrogenesis induced by CCl4 using AM heterozygous (HT) mice. The animals received a single injection of CCl4 or olive oil for the acute experiment, and received CCl4 or olive oil three times a week for 6 weeks for the chronic experiment. Fibrosis was accessed using histopathological analysis and the western blot. The AM HT mice showed mild pericentrilobular degeneration when compared to the AM wild type (WT) mice. In the acute experiment, there was no significant difference between the AM WT and AM HT mice. However, in the chronic experiment, the CCl4-treated AM HT mice showed more severe liver fibrosis than that of the CCl4-treated AM WT mice. The AST and ALT levels of the AM HT CCl4 group were higher than those of the AM WT CCl4 group. Additionally, the collagen deposition, α-SMA protein and TGF-β protein were increased in the AM HT CCl4 group when compared to the AM WT CCl4 group. The AM HT mice also exhibited severe lipid peroxidation through the GSH decrement. Taken together, our data suggest that AM deficiency increases the susceptibility to liver fibrosis induced by CCl4, indicating a novel therapeutic target for patients with liver fibrosis.
( Ae Hyang Kim ),( Hye Jin Kim ),( Ri Ryu ),( Hye Jin Han ),( Young Ji Han ),( Mi Kyung Lee ),( Myung Sook Choi ),( Yong Bok Park ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.2
This study investigated the effects of a flavonoid-rich ethanol extract of persimmon leaf (PL), an ethanol extract of Citrus junos Sieb (CJS), and a PL-CJS mixture (MPC) on mice fed a highfat diet (HFD). We sought to elucidate the mechanisms of biological activity of these substances using measurements of blood coagulation indices and lipid metabolism parameters. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD with PL (0.5% (w/w)), CJS (0.1% (w/w)), or MPC (PL 0.5%, CJS 0.1% (w/w)) for 10 weeks. In comparison with data obtained for mice in the untreated HFD group, consumption of MPC remarkably prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), whereas exposure to PL prolonged aPTT only. Lower levels of plasma total cholesterol, hepatic cholesterol, and erythrocyte thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, and decreased SREBP-1c gene expression were observed in mice that received PL and MPC supplements compared with the respective values detected in the untreated HFD animals. Our results indicate that PL and MPC may have beneficial effects on blood circulation and lipid metabolism in obese mice.
( Ji In Ryu ),( Seo Ri Wui ),( Ara Ko ),( Hien Thi Thu Do ),( Yeon Jeong Lee ),( Hark Jun Kim ),( Inmoo Rhee ),( Shin Ae Park ),( Kwang Sung Kim ),( Yang Je Cho ),( Na Gyong Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.8
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly causes fatal infections in cystic fibrosis and burn patients as well as in patients who are hospitalized or have impaired immune systems. P. aeruginosa infections are difficult to treat owing to the high resistance of the pathogen to conventional antibiotics. Despite several efforts, no effective prophylactic vaccines against P. aeruginosa are currently available. In this study, we investigated the activity of the CIA06 adjuvant system, which is composed of alum and de-Oacylated lipooligosaccharide, on a P. aeruginosa outer membrane protein (OMP) antigen vaccine in mice. The results indicated that CIA06 significantly increased the antigen-specific IgG titers and opsonophagocytic activity of immune sera against P. aeruginosa. In addition, the antibodies induced by the CIA06-adjuvanted vaccine exhibited higher cross-reactivity with heterologous P. aeruginosa strains. Finally, mice immunized with the CIA06-adjuvanted vaccine were effectively protected from lethal P. aeruginosa challenge. Based on these data, we suggest that the CIA06 adjuvant system might be used to promote the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine.
Ji Ae Lee,권영원,Hye Ri Kim,Nari Shin,Hyo Jin Son,Chan Seong Cheong,Dong Jin Kim,Onyou Hwang 한국분자세포생물학회 2022 Molecules and cells Vol.45 No.3
The anti-oxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is known to exert anti-inflammatory effects. From a library of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, we identified a novel compound KKC080096 that upregulated HO-1 at the mRNA and protein levels in microglial BV-2 cells. KKC080096 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects via suppressing nitric oxide, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and iNOS production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged cells. It inhibited the phosphorylation of IKK and MAP kinases (p38, JNK, ERK), which trigger inflammatory signaling, and whose activities are inhibited by HO-1. Further, KKC080096 upregulated anti-inflammatory marker (Arg1, YM1, CD206, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β]) expression. In 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice, KKC080096 lowered microglial activation, protected the nigral dopaminergic neurons, and nigral damage-associated motor deficits. Next, we elucidated the mechanisms by which KKC080096 upregulated HO-1. KKC080096 induced the phosphorylation of AMPK and its known upstream kinases LKB1 and CaMKKbeta, and pharmacological inhibition of AMPK activity reduced the effects of KKC080096 on HO-1 expression and LPS-induced NO generation, suggesting that KKC080096-induced HO-1 upregulation involves LKB1/AMPK and CaMKKbeta/AMPK pathway activation. Further, KKC080096 caused an increase in cellular Nrf2 level, bound to Keap1 (Nrf2 inhibitor protein) with high affinity, and blocked Keap1-Nrf2 interaction. This Nrf2 activation resulted in concurrent induction of HO-1 and other Nrf2-targeted antioxidant enzymes in BV-2 and in dopaminergic CATH.a cells. These results indicate that KKC080096 is a potential therapeutic for oxidative stress- and inflammation-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.