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Effect of Pilates Program with Cueing on Posture Correction of Adult Women
대한운동사협회 대한운동사협회 2022 대한운동사협회 운동사대회자료집 Vol.2022 No.-
OBJECTIVES This study compares and analyzes the educational effects of applying the general posture education method of Pilates and the cueing education method. The purpose of this study is to suggest an educational method necessary for Pilates instructors by analyzing the effects of changes in the subject's musculoskeletal and body composition and posture correction on the physical self-concept and self-efficacy. METHODS Using G-power version 3.1.9.7, repeated measures ANOVA, two-sided test, moderate effect size = 0.25 (Cohen, 2013), significance level = 0.05, power = 0.8, appropriate sample size required for 2 replicates was calculated as a total of 34 people. Fifty women (25 per group) were selected as women in their 20s and 60s in consideration of the dropout rate (30%) and the balance of the number of samples between the experimental and control groups. This was performed only for those who did not have a recent diagnosis due to orthopedic problems or findings. The Pilates exercise program was designed in consideration of the five basic principles of Pilates, the entire range of motion during exercise, and the muscles that help stabilize the trunk. Unlike the existing Pilates class, the experimental group performed conscious posture control education, which is Pilates cueing. Warm-up exercises were performed at the Pilates Center twice a week for 8 weeks with stretching to help breathing and relaxation of stiff muscles, and all movements of the upper and lower body using a Pilates device. The Korean version of the questionnaire adapted by Kim Byeong-jun (2001) was used to measure how one perceives oneself through self-evaluation of one's physical condition and ability with the Physical self-description questionnaire (PSDQ). It consists of 40 items of 10 factors (sports confidence, body fat, appearance, physical activity, health, self-esteem, flexibility, endurance, strength, overall body). The reliability (Cronbach΄s α) is 0.86. The measured data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program. Independent sample t-test was performed to test the prior homogeneity of Exbody and Inbody of the control group and the experimental group. Paired-sample t-test was performed to examine the pre-post difference between Exbody and Inbody. A paired-sample t-test was performed to examine the pre- and post-test differences in sports competence, body fat, appearance, health, physical activity, self-esteem, flexibility, endurance, muscular strength, and overall body through the survey of the experimental group. It was verified under the significance level p<.05, p<.01, p<.001. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in musculoskeletal changes between the experimental group and the control group in 9 areas including musculoskeletal malalignment, but in the experimental group, the mean post-mortem musculoskeletal imbalance was 9.68 (SD=3.47) and 11.80 (SD=3.63) before. It decreased by 2.12 compared to that, showing a significant difference (t=2.67, P<.05). The total musculoskeletal change also showed a significant difference as the post-mortem mean was 35.44 (SD=10.01), which decreased by 2.41 compared to the prior 39.84 (SD=9.94) (t=2.41, P<.05). On the other hand, as a result of comparing the differences between groups, there was no difference between the experimental group and the control group in 10 domains (P<.05). Changes in body composition between the experimental group and the control group did not show any preand post-group changes in the control group in 8 domains. In the experimental group, significant differences (P<.05) was shown. As a result of questionnaire measurement on the physical self-concept scale, there were significant differences in sports competence, body fat, appearance, physical activity, self-esteem, flexibility, endurance, muscle strength, 9 domains (P<.001), and health domain (P<.01) (P<.05) was shown. CONCLUSION There were no significant differences in the changes in musculoskeletal and body composition between the experimental and control groups, but significant changes were observed before and after the experimental group compared to the control group. There was also a significant difference in the physical self-concept of the experimental group after the slaughter. The Pilates education method applying cueing was found to increase the educational effect in the change of the musculoskeletal and body composition and the physical self-concept compared to the general education method. Therefore, Pilates instructors will need to improve the quality of Pilates instructors through Pilates education that applies cueing.