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김형근,김현진 한국항공우주학회 2012 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.11
본 논문에서는 예상되는 비행시간과 요구되는 비행시간의 차이를 정의해 그 차이를 감소시키는 유도기법을 제안한다. 제안한 유도기법은 기존 비례항법유도기법의 제어가속도명령에 부가적인 항을 추가시킨 형태로 요격유도의 기능을 수행함과 동시에 충돌시간 제어를 통해 미사일이 정해진 시간에 목표물을 요격하게 한다. 이는 다수의 유도미사일에 적용되어 정해진 시간에 목표물에 도달하게 함으로써 목표물에 대한 동시다발적인 공격을 가능하게 한다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 제안한 유도법칙의 타당성과 성능을 검증한다. In this paper, a homing guidance law is designed to decrease the difference between expected and desired impact time. This guidance law is a combination of the existing PNG and a biased term, which enables missile to intercept target and control the impact time at the same time. The new guidance law can be applied to multiple missiles for simultaneously attacking a target at a desirable impact time. To investigate the performance and the validity of the proposed guidance law various simulations are performed.
김형근,송세철,권순기 한국소음진동공학회 1995 소음 진동 Vol.5 No.1
In earth moving construction equipment used for rough and dangerous works, seat suspension system is the only means for reducing the vibration transmitted to the operator. Thus ISO(International Organization for Standardization) 7096 suggests a recommendation for the vibration characteristics of the seat suspension system in order to protect the human beings from excessive vibrationl. In this research, a new mechanical type seat suspension system is designed and a mathematical model, effective design parameters of the seat suspension system are determined and concept design strategy is presented.
김형근,전익형,박병철,김성조 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.11
Objective: Although alveolar macrophages play a key role in the respiratory immunity of livestock, studies on the mechanism of differentiation and survival of alveolar macrophages are lacking. Therefore, we undertook to investigate changes in the lipid metabolism and survival rate, using 3D4/31 macrophages and Dudleya brittonii which has been used as a traditional asthma treatment. Methods: 3D4/31 macrophages were used as the in vitro porcine alveolar macrophages model. The cells were activated by exposure to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Dudleya brittonii extraction was performed with distilled water. For evaluating the cell survival rate, we performed the water-soluble tetrazolium salt cell viability assay and growth curve analysis. To confirm cell death, cell cycle and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using flow cytometric analysis by applying fluorescence dye dichlorofluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide. Furthermore, we also evaluated cellular lipid accumulation with oil red O staining, and fatty acid synthesis related genes expression levels using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with SYBR green dye. Glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle related gene expression levels were measured using qPCR after exposure to Dudleya brittonii extract (DB) for 12 h. Results: The ROS production and cell death were induced by PMA treatment, and exposure to DB reduced the PMA induced downregulation of cell survival. The PMA and DB treatments upregulated the lipid accumulation, with corresponding increase in the acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase mRNA expressions. DB-PMA co-treatment reduced the glycolysis genes expression, but increased the expressions of fatty acid oxidation and TCA cycle genes. Conclusion: This study provides new insights and directions for further research relating to the immunity of porcine respiratory system, by employing a model based on alveolar macrophages and natural materials.
김형근 한국복음주의신약학회 2012 신약연구 Vol.11 No.4
One of the most controversial issues in contemporary Pauline theology has been whether the phrase pi,stij Cristou/ refers to faith in Christ (objective genitive) or faith of Christ (= faithfulness of Christ : subjective genitive). This article, however exploring not only the meaning of four usages (2:16[ 2], 20; 3:22) of pi,stij Cristou/ but also the subject of 13 usages of noun pi,stij with no genitive modifier in Galatians 3, attempts to ask what kind of relationship between the two motifs, faith of Christ and faith in Christ can be built. In each instance of pi,stij Cristou/, Paul’s principle of justification is to be presented; By God one is to be justified on the grounds of faith of Christ (pi,stij Cristou/), through one’s faith in Christ. Namely, the justification that has been achieved by the redemption of Christ, that is, the faithfulness of Christ is to be applied to one by way of one’s faith in Christ, that is, one’s faith in the faithfulness of Christ. It is obvious that Paul’s principle of justification is to be firmly established by being interwoven with the two motifs. The survey of 13 usages of noun pi,stij in Galatians 3 has shown that in some verses (vv. 11, 12, 23, 24,and 25) Jesus Christ is described as the subject of pi,stij, and especially in vv. 11 and 12 the subject of pi,stij is expanded from Christ to believers (Jews and Gentiles) including Abraham. The survey led to an universal principle of justification in Galatians that human beings are to be justified through their faith in faith of Christ , which means that faith of Christ is the exclusive grounds of God’s justification for man, and man s faith is the exclusive means of application of God’s justification to man. It is thus very likely that faith of Christ and faith in Christ are not to be separated but to be united each other to form a holistic salvation of justification in which belief and fidelity , confession and exercise are respectively to be one. Consequently, the organic solidarity between the two motifs constitutes the salvation of justification that is based on Christology and thus supports the sovereignty of God’s grace that may be in danger of being nullified by the Christianity of exclusive support for ‘faith in Christ’ alone. Finally, this article shows that faith of Christ and faith in Christ are not in zero-sum relationship but in win-win relationship with each other. What then is thought to be wrong with the subjective reading of pi,stij Cristou/ in Galatians?
지두서(指頭書) 유형 무가의 비교 연구-교술 창세무가의 양상과 의미-
김형근 국립민속박물관 2013 민속학연구 Vol.0 No.33
There is a shaman song which emerges frequently over a community and tune of exorcism. Of them, one shaman song is used like equipped official way at the early part of each tune of exorcism, and representative song is Jidooseo of Seoul and GyungGi. There all many shaman songs over the country but each of their names is different. For example, Chodoopunyum (PyungAn NamDo), Danryunjoo (area of GyungGiDo AnhSung), Byuljachungbu (East coast), Mandeureum(GunSan areas, JeonBuk), Jidooseo (HoNam, GyungGi), Chogamje (Jejudo, Chilsungbon (South coast). Jidooseo tangible shaman song is GyoSul ChangSei shaman song including core stories and factors of genesis such as the creating of the world or civilization. Partially, Jidooseo of GyungGi area and Chogamje of Jeju area were mentioned as shaman songs of genesis by previous researchers, but they could find other shaman songs having same characteristics and meanings in other communities. Thus, this research summarizes existing general aspects of these shaman songs in tune of exorcism over the world, and it explores types of other communities of them. Jidooseo tangible shaman song is GyoSul ChangSei shaman song. This could mean ‘Returning to the origin’ to acquire various symbols of the origin as genesis, and this includes a meaning of resetting to ‘Space time of genesis’ or ‘sacred space time’. Previous research focused on epic genesis shaman songs, and this was understood as original shaman songs. However, GyuSul Genesis Shaman Songs are existing over the country, and they are transmitted to next generations, and this is more original than epic genesis shaman songs even though it reflects the development aspect of oral epics.
A Romantic Impossibility: The Pitfalls and Values of Self-Construction in Moby Dick
김형근 미국소설학회 2019 미국소설 Vol.26 No.2
This paper centers around the idea of ‘self-construction,’ an attempt at which is made by the two main characters of Moby Dick: Ahab and Ishmael. The central argument is that this attempt at fleshing out one’s own identity and dignity, although bound for disintegration, is nevertheless pregnant with internal values. The endeavor proceeds from the “heartless voids and immensities of the universe,” in which humans are engendered ex nihilo and left to universal vulturism without knowing the whys and wherefores of their Being. Hence, the aforementioned characters in the novel seek to establish the order of their Selves by conquering the inscrutable world of Other. Nevertheless, the interpenetration of Self and Other baffles their endeavors to carve out the former by understanding the latter. This loss of demarcation between Self and Other engenders that “ungraspable phantom of life” which involves humanity in a circular toil. Despite the futility of the quest, nonetheless, undergirding their attempts at self-construction are two intrinsic values that defy the logic of teleological progression. First, the process of acting for a purpose imbues Ishmael’s life with an existential mainspring, preventing him from losing himself in the “Descartian vortices” of morbid nihilism. Second, the normative values that the assayers feel in their trial is held as a touchstone of truth that eclipses the calculation of result. In case of Ahab, his remonstration with God’s dereliction and irresponsibility emanates a crying pursuit of democratic justice for humanity. In this sense, the novel’s display of human failures is less a call for a categorical abandonment of what is bound to fail than an allusion to the lofty values that keep humans gravitating towards those ‘failures’ despite the futility.