Novel graphene/Sn and graphene/SnO_x hybrid nanostructures: Induced superconductivity and band gaps revealed by scanning probe measurements

Pá,linká,s, Andrá,s,Molná,r, Gyö,rgy,Magda, Gá,bor Zsolt,Hwang, Chanyong,Tapasztó,, Levente,Samuely, Peter,Szabó,, Pavol,Osvá,th, Zoltá,n Elsevier 2017 Carbon Vol.124 No.-

<P>The development of functional composite nanomaterials based on graphene and metal nanoparticles (NPs) is currently the subject of intense research interest. In this study we report the preparation of novel type of graphene/Sn and graphene/SnOx (1 <= x <= 2) hybrid nanostructures and their investigation by scanning probe methods. First, we prepare Sn NPs by evaporating 7-8 nm tin on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrates. Graphene/Sn nanostructures are obtained by transferring graphene on top of the tin NPs immediately after evaporation. We show by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) that tin NPs reduce significantly the environmental p-type doping of graphene. Furthermore, we demonstrate by low-temperature STM and STS measurements that superconductivity is induced in graphene, either directly supported by Sn NPs or suspended between them. Additionally, we prepare SnOx NPs by annealing the evaporated tin at 500 degrees C. STS measurements performed on hybrid graphene/SnOx nanostructures reveal the electronic band gap of SnOx NPs. The results can open new avenues for the fabrication of novel hybrid superconducting nanomaterials with designed structures and morphologies. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

The histidine kinases CYTOKININ-INDEPENDENT1 and ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE2 and 3 regulate vascular tissue development in Arabidopsis shoots.

Hejá,tko, Jan,Ryu, Hojin,Kim, Gyung-Tae,Dobesová,, Romana,Choi, Sunhwa,Choi, Sang Mi,Soucek, Premysl,Horá,k, Jakub,Peká,rová,, Blanka,Palme, Klaus,Brzobohaty, Bretislav,H American Society of Plant Physiologists 2009 The Plant cell Vol.21 No.7

<P>The development and activity of the procambium and cambium, which ensure vascular tissue formation, is critical for overall plant architecture and growth. However, little is known about the molecular factors affecting the activity of vascular meristems and vascular tissue formation. Here, we show that the His kinase CYTOKININ-INDEPENDENT1 (CKI1) and the cytokinin receptors ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE2 (AHK2) and AHK3 are important regulators of vascular tissue development in Arabidopsis thaliana shoots. Genetic modifications of CKI1 activity in Arabidopsis cause dysfunction of the two-component signaling pathway and defects in procambial cell maintenance. CKI1 overexpression in protoplasts leads to cytokinin-independent activation of the two-component phosphorelay, and intracellular domains are responsible for the cytokinin-independent activity of CKI1. CKI1 expression is observed in vascular tissues of inflorescence stems, and CKI1 forms homodimers both in vitro and in planta. Loss-of-function ahk2 and ahk3 mutants and plants with reduced levels of endogenous cytokinins show defects in procambium proliferation and an absence of secondary growth. CKI1 overexpression partially rescues ahk2 ahk3 phenotypes in vascular tissue, while the negative mutation CKI1H405Q further accentuates mutant phenotypes. These results indicate that the cytokinin-independent activity of CKI1 and cytokinin-induced AHK2 and AHK3 are important for vascular bundle formation in Arabidopsis.</P>

Czech Feuilleton(Comforting and Healing Power of the Art of Literature)

Jitka Kramá;řová; Hezinová; 세계문학비교학회 2005 世界文學比較硏究 Vol.12 No.-

Czech Feuilleton(Comforting and Healing Power of the Art of Literature) 체코 문예란 기사(문학의 치료적이고 위안이 되는 힘)

THE UNAM-KIAS CATALOG OF ISOLATED GALAXIES

Herná,ndez-Toledo, H. M.,Vá,zquez-Mata, J. A.,Martí,nez-Vá,zquez, L. A.,Choi, Yun-Young,Park, Changbom American Institute of Physics 2010 The Astronomical journal Vol.139 No.6

<P>A new catalog of isolated galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5 (SDSS DR5) is presented. A total of 1520 isolated galaxies were found in 1.4 sr of sky. The selection criteria in this UNAM-KIAS catalog are a variation on the criteria developed by Karachentseva, including full redshift information. Through an image processing pipeline that takes advantage of the high-resolution (~0<img entity='farcs' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/icons/Entities/farcs.gif' ALT='farcs' ALIGN='BOTTOM' />4 pixel<SUP>–1</SUP>) and high dynamic range of the SDSS images, a uniform g-band morphological classification for all these galaxies is presented. We identify 80% (Sa-Sm) spirals (50% later than Sbc types) on one hand, and a scarce population of early-type E (6.5%) and S0 (8%) galaxies amounting to 14.5% on the other hand. This magnitude-limited catalog is ~80% complete at 16.5, 15.6, 15.2, 14.6, and 14.4 mag in the ugriz bands, respectively. Some representative physical properties including SDSS magnitudes and color distributions, color-color diagrams, absolute magnitude-color, and concentration-color diagrams as a function of morphological type are presented. The UNAM-KIAS Morphological Atlas is also released along with this paper. For each galaxy of a type later than Sa, a mosaic is presented that includes (1) a g-band logarithmic image, (2) a g-band filtered-enhanced image where a Gaussian kernel of various sizes was applied, and (3) a red giant branch color image from the SDSS database. For E/S0/Sa galaxies, in addition to the images in (1), (2), and (3), plots of r-band surface brightness and geometric profiles (ellipticity ε, position angle PA, and A<SUB>4</SUB>/B<SUB>4</SUB> coefficients of the Fourier series expansions of deviations of a pure ellipse) are provided. The size of the sample, the redshift completeness, the availability of high-quality multicolor photometric data and detailed morphological and spectroscopic information make the UNAM-KIAS catalog of isolated galaxies a suitable sample to address important issues such as (1) comparative studies of environmental effects, (2) constraining the currently competing scenarios of galaxy formation and evolution, (3) the nature and evolution of elliptical and spiral galaxies in the field, (4) the spectral properties of a statistically significant number of isolated galaxies and their evolution as a function of redshift, and (5) the fraction of active galactic nuclei in isolated environments, among other important topics. The optimization and estimation of new structural parameters as well as important information to complement existing ones in other wavelengths is being carried out.</P>

Micromechanical deformation processes in PA/layered silicate nanocomposites: Correlation of structure and properties

Renner, Ká,roly,Henning, Sven,Mó,czó,, Já,nos,Yang, Min Soo,Choi, Hyoung Jin,Puká,nszky, Bé,la Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Polymer engineering and science Vol.47 No.8

<P>Polyamide/organophilic montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared from two silicates with different organophilization resulting in strong and weak matrix/silicate adhesion, respectively; uncoated sodium montmorillonite was used as reference. The silicate content of the composites changed between 0 and 10 vol% in seven steps. Composite structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Micromechanical deformation processes were followed by acoustic emission and volume strain measurements. The structure of the composites is more complicated than usually claimed; they contain individual silicate platelets, tactoids with different degree of intercalation, and larger particles. Elastic deformation and shear yielding dominates during the elongation of the specimens. The matrix polymer and the composites deform according to different mechanisms. Sound is emitted by cavitation in the former, while sound emitting processes are related tactoids and nonexfoliated particles in the composites. Acoustic events are generated mainly by the fracture of the particles. Matrix/silicate adhesion seems to be strong, debonding rarely takes place, and volume increase is initiated primarily by particle failure. The type and amount of the surfactant used for organophilization plays an important role in the determination of deformation processes and properties, since it influences both matrix/filler interaction and the inherent strength of the particles. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1235–1245, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers</P>

About the world of novels by Josef Škvorecký

Jitka Kramá,ř,ová,Hezinová,(이뜨까 끄라마르조바 헤지노바) 아시아·중동부유럽학회 2003 동유럽발칸학 Vol.5 No.1

본 논문은 체코 현대작가 요세프 슈끄보레쯔끼 소설의 문학적 의미를 고찰한다. 그의 처녀작은 초기 공산주의 문학이 갖는 전시(戰時)의 특징에 대한 도해적 해석(schematic interpretation)에 상당한 영향을 끼쳤다. 이 소설은 공산주의자들로부터 공식적으로 적대적인 비판을 샀으나 동시에 일반 독자들로부터는 호의적인 반응을 얻기도 했다. 본 연구의 첫 번째 목적은 이와 같은 맥락에서 이 소설이 갖는 역사적 그리고 문학적 의미가 무엇과 연관성을 맺고 있는가라는 질문에 답하는 것이며 두 번째는 체코 독자들이 왜 슈끄보레쯔끼의 소설들 그리고 특히 그 주인공에 그토록 매료되어 왔는 지를 밝히는 것이다. 주인공 Danny Smiřický의 이야기 중 10대의 청소년기는 The Cowards라는 작품에서 그리고 장년기는 자유형식 연재작 5 편 중 The Engineer of the Human Souls라는 작품에 잘 나타나있다. Danny는 자신이 화자인 동시 에 주인공으로 등장한다. 본 연구는 이례적인 반 주인공(anti-hero)의 등장이나 독창적인 문체 그리고 혁신적인 관용적 표현, 무엇보다도 문학이론들이나 혹은 당대문학에는 아주 새로운 것으로 여겨졌던 문학적 기교들에 주목한다. 슈끄보레쯔끼의 작품에서 우리는 당시 질높은 세계문학, 특히 포스트모더니즘으로부터 받은 영향의 흔적과 체코 포스트모더니즘에 끼친 작가의 문학적 공헌을 고찰하고자 한다. This paper explores the significance of novels by the contemporary Czech writer, Josef Škvorecký. To a considerable extent, his first novel affected the schematic interpretations of the war period characteristic of earlier communist literature. The novel evoked a hostile official response from the critics, but a favorable reaction from the readers. One of the goals of the present study is to answer the question of where the historical and literary significance of the novel is implied. Another one is to find out why Czech readers have been so attracted to Škvorecký s novels and especially by the main character. The literary story of Danny Smiřický can be followed from his teenage years in The Cowards, to his mature years in The Engineer of the Human Souls in a free cycle of five novels. Danny mostly presents the narrator and hero at the same time. Not only the unusual presentation of an anti-hero, but also the original style of narration, as well as an innovative usage are further examined. Special attention is paid to literary principles and techniques that were new in contemporary literature. In Škvorecký's oeuvre, it is possible to trace a high degree of influence from contemporary world literature, especially post-modernism. The paper discusses the author's contribution to post-modern and, particularly, to Czech literature.

C₆₀ dimers connected through pleiadene bridges: fullerenes talking to each other

Sastre-Santos, Á,ngela,Parejo, Concepció,n,Martí,n-Gomis, Luis,Ohkubo, Kei,Ferná,ndez-Lá,zaro, Fernando,Fukuzumi, Shunichi Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.21 No.5

<P>New C<SUB>60</SUB> dimers 1, 2 and 3 that differ in the distance between the two balls, connected through pleiadene bridges have been synthesized. Different synthetic strategies have been used to prepare C<SUB>60</SUB> dimers 1–3. A diastereoisomeric mixture was obtained for C<SUB>60</SUB> dimer 1, which was separated by column chromatography and characterized by NMR. By CV measurements, no interaction between the two balls was found in the ground state in any type of C<SUB>60</SUB> dimer. By reduction with dimeric benzylnicotinamide [(BNA)<SUB>2</SUB>], a two electron reductant, the interaction between both C<SUB>60</SUB> units has been analyzed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). For C<SUB>60</SUB> dimer 3, upon addition of 1 equivalent (BNA)<SUB>2</SUB> no electronic interaction in the C<SUB>60</SUB>˙<SUP>−</SUP>–C<SUB>60</SUB>˙<SUP>−</SUP> was observed due to the long distance between the C<SUB>60</SUB> balls (20 Å). However, for C<SUB>60</SUB> dimer 1, where the distance between radicals is shorter, 10 Å, the electronic interaction in the di(radical anion), C<SUB>60</SUB>˙<SUP>−</SUP>–C<SUB>60</SUB>˙<SUP>−</SUP> in the presence of 1 equivalent of (BNA)<SUB>2</SUB> was observed by EPR, corresponding to a triplet biradical.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Addition of 1 equivalent of (BNA)<SUB>2</SUB> to dimer 1 yields the C<SUB>60</SUB>˙<SUP>−</SUP>–C<SUB>60</SUB>˙<SUP>−</SUP> triplet biradical where electronic interaction is observed. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0jm02635b'> </P>

Evolution of microstructure and hardness in AZ31 alloy processed by high pressure torsion

Strá,ská,, Jitka,Janeč,ek, Miloš,Gubicza, Jenő,Krajň,á,k, Tomá,š,Yoon, Eun Yoo,Kim, Hyoung Seop Elsevier 2015 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.625 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A commercial MgAlZn alloy (AZ31) was processed by high pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature, resulting in an extreme microstructure refinement down to the grain size of 150–250nm. The microstructure evolution during HPT was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction line profile analysis. The microhardness was measured as a function of the distance from the center of the disk and the number of HPT revolutions. The detailed analysis of dislocation contrast factors in X-ray diffraction line profiles enables to determine the population of the different slip systems as a function of the imposed strain. The influence of microstructure and defect structure evolution on microhardness is discussed in detail.</P>

Who teaches others, educates himself

Jitka Kramá,ř,ová,Hezinová,(이뜨까 끄라마르죠바 헤니노바) 아시아·중동부유럽학회 2005 동유럽발칸학 Vol.7 No.1

교육학자로서의 요한 아모스 코메니우스의 중요성을 다룬 본 연구는 코메니우스의 저명한 교수법 원리를 개괄적으로 살펴보고 그러한 원리들이 어떻게 실제에 적용되었는지 고찰하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 특별히 본고는 그의 교수론적 관점과 보편적 의미로서의 학교가 가지는 새로운 개념에 주목하고자 한다. 본 연구에는 코메니우스를 교육의 아버지라고 일컬을 수 있도록 일정한 동기를 부여한 사상들과 견해들, 뿐만 아니라 인간의 지식, 이해, 경험과 실제 그리고 개별 교육에 대한 복합적인 효과 등을 포함하고 있는 이론 등과 상호 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있는 근본적인 교육 문제들에 회답하는 데이터들을 개괄하고자 한다. 코메니우스는 그의 위대한 범지학 사상(Pansophic ideas)에서 평생교육이란 다름 아닌 자신의 德과 타인의 유익을 성취하기 위해 인간에게 주어진 과제라고 했다. 그러나 지난 20세기와 우리가 살고 있는 21세기의 교육의 도덕적 이념은 “향상과 빠른 기술변화”에 그 초점을 맞추는 등 다소 상이한 면을 보이고 있다. 본 논문은, 코메니우스의 “Didactica magna 대교수학”, “Methodus linguarum novissima 최신 언어 교수법”, “Orbis pictus and Pampaedia 세계도해” 그리고 언어교육과 관련된 의미심장한 교수법 저서들을 통해, 우리가 “교육 자료들을 어떻게 다룰 것인가”에 대한 어떤 조언을 이끌어내기 위한 실험적 성격의 연구이기도 하다. 끝으로 코메니우스의 교육이론의 본질은 “교육과 인간의 성장을 하나로 통합하는 것이다”라고 요약할 수 있겠다. The purpose of this study on the significance of Johan Amos Comenius for education is to summarize Comenius’s most important didactical principles and remember how he implanted them into practice. Special attention is given to his didactic views and to the new conception of the school in a universal sense. In the presented survey, there are, among others, summarized certain ideas and opinions thanks to which Comenius is called the “Father of Education” as well as the material answering the basic pedagogical questions mutually connected with people’s knowledge, understanding, experience and practice, and the theory comprising a complex effect upon the education of the individual. The Comenius, Pedagogy, Education, Conception, Didactical Principles, Teaching, Development. whole-life education of humans connected with tasks for the man done for his good and for the benefit of the others is pointed out as the excellent result of Comeniusian pansophic ideas. Yet in the 20th and 21th centuries, the moral idea of education is rather different focusing on qualification and rapid technological changes. From Didactica magna, Methodus linguarum novissima, Orbis pictus and Pampaedia, the significant didactic works aboutlanguage teaching, the study tried to obtain pieces of advice how to deal with the teaching material. The result of these pedagogical principles was summarized as the unity of education and the development of man.

Faces and Changes of the Czech Feuilleton (The Outline of the Czech Feuilleton)

Jitka Kramá,ř,ová,Hezinová,(이뜨까 끄라마르죠바 헤지노바) 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 동유럽발칸연구소 2006 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.16 No.1

본 논문은 체코 신문소설의 역사와 현재의 상황을 개괄적으로 소개하고 그 특징적 성격을 논하고자 한다. 개별 신문소설들 상호간의 연관성뿐만 아니라 그 차이점들은 그들 특정의 변이형태를 가리키기기도 한다: 칼럼, 기행문, 법정 리포트. 체코 신문소설은 때때로 일정한 역사적인 시기에 일어난 사건이나 어 떤 견해 등에 대한 논평과 함께 –모든 것이 이해하기 쉬운 방법으로- 부드러운 반어적 어조와 유쾌한 어투로 쓰인 것이 특징이다. 언급한 바와 같이, 신문소설 들은 고상한 문학적 풍류를 지닌 세상, – 항상 복잡하지만 전혀 부조리하지는 않는- 일상생활의 아름다움과 신기로움을 가지고 있는 세상을 반영한다. 심지어 대조와 긴장 속에서 이야기를 끝맺는 이 장르는 신문소설의 전형적 인 특징과 그 인기의 근거를 제시한다. 지속적으로 생동감 있는 느낌을 주는 신 문소설은 시간이 흐르면서 체코 신문소설이 훨씬 더 다양화되어 감을 확인시켜 주고 있다. 본 논문은, 훌륭한 신문소설들은 예술적으로 하나의 독창적 작품들이기도 하 지만, 동시에 텍스트들이 그들 상호간의 조화와 대비 속에서 서로의 결합관계를 상승시켜나가는 실질적인 연속성을 형성할 수 있다는 것에 초점을 맞추었다. In this essay, the history and contemporary situation of the Czech feuilleton is introduced, commented and evaluated. Mutual connection and at the same time the difference of single mentioned feuilletons allowed to point out their specific variations: columns, travel sketches, and courtroom reports. The Czech feuilleton is written in a gently ironical and entertaining tone, often with comments of events and opinions of a certain historical period – all in an easy understandable way. As it is pointed out, feuilletons reflect the world with a high literary taste – always complex, never absurd, with beauty and wonders of everyday life. End even in these contrasts, and in tension, was found the characteristic feature of feuilletons and the source of their popularity. The constantly vivid feuilletons mentioned above confirm the amplifying variety of Czech feuilletons in the course of time. In the article, the intention was to show that even though the best feuilletons are original works of art, at the same time, they can form a really ascending sequence, where texts are connected with their mutual correspondence, moreover, with their contrasts.