시트러스향 허브류 첨가 블렌딩 녹차류의 휘발성 향기성분

양동환,최성희 한국차학회 2019 한국차학회지 Vol.25 No.4

품질이 낮은 대작 녹차에 시트러스향을 내는 허브류인 레몬그라스, 레몬밤 및 레몬버베나를 각각 8:2 (w/w) 비율로 첨가한 3종류의 블렌딩 녹차를 제조한 후 품질에 중요한 휘발성 향기성분을 추출하고 분석, 동정하였다. 휘발성 향기성분 추출에는 Likens and Nickerson형 동시증류추출장치를 사용하였고, 휘발성 성분의 분석 및 동정은 GC-MS에 의하였다. 레몬그라스-녹차(LGGT), 레몬밤-녹차(LBGT) 및 레몬버베나-녹차 (LVGT)에서 각각 43, 42 및 39종류의 화합물이 동정되었으며 3개 시료에서 공통으로 동정된 화합물은 23개였다. 3 시료에서는 시트러스향을 띄는 citral의 두 이성질체인 geranial (LGGT; 30.76%, LBGT; 5.05%, LVGT; 3.26%) 및 neral (LGGT; 28.80%, LBGT; 4.24%, LVGT; 2.63%)이 공통적으로 많았다. 반면 감귤류의 주요 시트러스향 화합물인 limonene (LGGT; 0.07%, LBGT; 0.97%, LVGT; 6.95%)은 LVGT에서 citral보다 많았다. 시트러스향을 띄는 화합물 중 geranial, neral 및 limonene 뿐만 아니라 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (LGGT; 2.91%, LBGT; 1.35%, LVGT; 1.93%)도 공통적으로 많았다. 꽃향을 띄는 향기화합물은 linalool (LGGT; 2.50%, LBGT; 3.48%, LVGT; 1.45%) 및 geraniol (LGGT; 5.10%, LBGT; 2.63%, LVGT; 0.70%)이 공통적으로 많았다. LGGT에서는 달콤한 발사믹 향을 가진 myrcene이 8.43%로 함량이 많았으며 LBGT에서는 박하향을 띄는 menthol (1.47%)과 달콤한 아니스 향을 가진 (E)-anethole (1.88%)의 함량이 많았다. LVGT에서는 풋풋한 향을 띄는 (E)-2-hexenal (1.00%) 및 (Z)-3-hexenol (0.70%)등의 함량이 많았다. The flavor compounds in green teas blended with citrus aroma herbs (lemongrass, lemon balm, lemon verbena) were extracted by simultaneous distillations and extraction methods. The concentrated flavor extracts were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forty-three compounds in lemongrass-green tea, forty-two compounds in lemon balm-green tea, and thirty-nine compounds in lemon verbena-green tea were isolated and identified. The main flavor compounds in lemongrass-green tea were geranial, neral, myrcene, geraniol, and geranyl acetate. The main flavor compounds in lemon balm-green tea were geranial, neral, linalool, geraniol, and (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal. The main flavor compounds in lemon verbena-green tea were limonene, geranial, neral, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and linalool. Three kinds of samples contained high contents of geranial (trans type) and neral (cis type), which are called citral having a citrusy note.

New record of an alien plant, Verbena bracteata (Verbenaceae) in Korea

김중현,심상덕,조규태,김현식,현창우,박진희 한국식물분류학회 2022 식물 분류학회지 Vol.52 No.3

Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr. (Verbenaceae), native to North America and an alien plant in China and Japan, was newly found in central and southern areas of Korea. This species can be distinguished from other Verbena taxa in Korea by having larger floral bracts and stems that are prostrate or procumbent to decumbent-ascending. Verbena bracteata grows in dry and sunny grasslands or along roadsides. A precise description, illustration, photographs, and a key to related taxa are provided.

The Antioxidant Activity and Thermal Stability of Lemon Verbena (Aloysia triphylla) Infusion

Fatima Abderrahim,Seyer Estrella,Cristina Susin,Silvia M. Arribas,M. Carmen Gonzailez,Luis Condezo-Hoyos 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.5

Because of its good sensorial attributes, lemon verbena is used as a primary ingredient in infusions and nonalcoholic drinks. The present study was designed to assess the antioxidant activity (AA) of lemon verbena infusion (LVI) as well as the thermal stability of its AA and the content of polyphenolic compounds. The values reflecting the AA of LVI, including AA index, fast scavenging rate against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging, are higher than those of many herbal infusions and antioxidant drinks estimated from reported data. In addition, the slope lag time and specific oxyradical antioxidant capacity values of LVI are comparable to those of a commercial antioxidant drink based on green tea. Hence, LVI is a source of bifunctional antioxidants, and thus in vivo studies of the antioxidant capacity of LVI would be useful to evaluate its potential as an ingredient in antioxidant drinks.

홍콩 버비나하이츠(Verbena Heights) 주거단지의 특징에 관한 연구

이재훈,김남응,김성화 한국주거학회 2002 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.3

The purpose of this study is to find the architectural characteristics of Verbena Heights, super high-rise complex housing, which has been most highly evaluated as a new town development model in Hong Kong, as a successful case of new housing type and sustainable design. The analyzed features of Verbena Heights are as follows; 1) Formation of various open spaces by a creative layout. 2) Enhancement of natural ventilation and daylighting by a linear plan instead of conventional cruciform plans. 3) Applications of integrated facade design for noise mitigation and for sunlight shading. 4) Adoption of energy-efficient devices, use of recyclable materials, and improvement of livability by a sustainable design process. These architectural characteristics provide the high-density high-rise housing with more efficient and comfortable environments for residents. And it is proved that the sustainable design can enhance the quality of dwelling environment.

Horticulture : Original Paper ; Molecular characterization of the flavonoid biosynthesis of Verbena hybrida and the functional analysis of verbena and Clitoria ternatea F3′5′H genes in transgenic verbena

( Junichi Togami ),( Mihoko Tamura ),( Kanako Ishiguro ),( Chika Hirose ),( Hiroaki Okuhara ),( Yukiko Ueyama ),( Noriko Nakamura ),( Keiko Yonekura Sakakibara ),( Masako Fukuchi Mizutani ),( Ken Ichi 한국식물생명공학회 ( 구 한국식물조직배양학회 ) 2006 Plant Biotechnology Vol.23 No.1

Anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging properties of Verbena officinalis

Shim, Hwan-Ki,Kim, Seong-Yeol,Kim, Bo-Rim,Cho, Jae-Park,Park, Yae-Jeong,Ji, Won-Geun,Cha, Dong-Seok,Jeon, Hoon Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2010 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.10 No.4

Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae) has been used as herbal medicine or health supplement in both Western and Eastern countries for centuries. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the methylene chloride fraction of V. officinalis (VMC). To elucidate the anti-inflammatory properties of VMC, we investigated the inhibition effects of nitric oxide production in interferon-gamma (IFN-$\gamma$) and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. VMC suppressed nitric oxide production, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression dose-dependently without notable cytotoxicity. In various radical scavenging assays, VMC exhibited strong scavenging effect on DPPH radical, superoxide radical, nitric oxide radical and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical. VMC also showed potent reducing power. These findings strongly suggest that VMC may be beneficial in oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory disorders.

Anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging properties of Verbena officinalis

Hwan Ki Shim,Seong Yeol Kim,Borim Kim,Jae Park Cho,Yae Jeong Park,Won Geun Ji,차동석,전훈 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2010 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.10 No.4

Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae) has been used as herbal medicine or health supplement in both Western and Eastern countries for centuries. In the present study, we examined the antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities of the methylene chloride fraction of V. officinalis (VMC). To elucidate the anti-inflammatory properties of VMC, we investigated the inhibition effects of nitric oxide production in interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. VMC suppressed nitric oxide production, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression dose-dependently without notable cytotoxicity. In various radical scavenging assays, VMC exhibited strong scavenging effect on DPPH radical, superoxide radical,nitric oxide radical and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical. VMC also showed potent reducing power. These findings strongly suggest that VMC may be beneficial in oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory disorders.

옥상녹화지에서 허브식물의 관수처리에 따른 생육특성

김동엽,박희령,하유미,류경선 한국조경학회 2018 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.46 No.1

This study examined the growth of herb plants in response to irrigation on a green rooftop area in order to selectherb plants that can be used for rooftop greening. Apple Mint (Mentha suaveolens), Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis),Spearmint (Mentha spicata), Pineapple sage (Salvia elegans), Choco Mint (Mentha × piperita ‘Choco Mint’), Ox-eye Daisy(Chrysanthemum leucanthemum), Roman Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) showed increasedgrowth when irrigated. Conversely, Lavender (Lavendula angustifolia ), Peppermint (Mentha × piperita ), Vicks Plant(Plectranthus tomentosa), Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare),Lemon Verbena (Aloysia triphylla), Heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens), Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis) and Lady'smantle (Alchemilla vulgaris) demonstrated satisfactory growth regardless of irrigation. Peppermint, Tansy, Lemon Verbena,Soapwort, and Lady's mantle seem to be suitable for green rooftop because of their overwintering ability and droughthardiness. Pineapple sage, Apple Mint and Thyme would seem to be inappropriate for rooftop greening because they showednegative growth response to drought and failed overwintering. Although Spearmint, Lemon balm, Choco Mint, Ox-eye Daisyand Roman Chamomile had reduced growth during dry conditions, they were able to overwinter satisfactorily and canbe used as rooftop plants with irrigation. 허브식물을 이용한 옥상녹화시 관수를 실시한 처리구에서 좋은 생육특성을 보인 허브식물은 애플민트, 레몬밤, 스피아민트, 파인애플세이지, 초코민트, 옥스아이데이지, 캐모마일 및 타임이었다. 반면, 무관수 처리구에서 좋은 생육특성을보인 허브식물은 페퍼민트, 장미허브 및 피버퓨였다. 관수에 따른 생장에 차이가 없는 허브식물은 라벤다, 로즈마리, 탠지, 레몬버베나, 헬리오트로프, 소프워트 및 레이디스맨틀이었다. 관수 및 무관수 처리가 허브식물의 생장에 미치는 영향과 최대 광합성 효율을 조사한 결과, 관수처리 시 생장이 증가하고 최대광합성효율이 증가한 허브식물로는 초코민트,스피아민트, 레몬밤, 애플민트 등으로 나타났다. 무관수시 생장이 증가하고 최대광합성효율이 증가한 허브식물로는 페퍼민트와 탠지였으며, 장미허브는 무관수시 생장은 증가한 반면 최대 광합성효율은 감소하여 스트레스를 많이 받는 것으로생각되었다. 또한, 관수 및 무관수 처리에 따른 생장 차이가 없으나, 최대 광합성효율이 증가한 허브는 로즈마리와 소프워트였으며, 레몬버베나, 피버퓨, 헬리오트로프 등은 관수 및 무관수에 따른 생장 차이가 없고, 최대 광합성 효율 역시큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 초코민트와 페퍼민트는 중부지방에서 월동 가능함과 동시에 겨울에도 잎이 지지 않고상록으로 유지되어 옥상녹화에 적합한 식물이라고 생각되었다. 반면, 장미허브, 파인애플세이지, 애플민트는 추위에 약하고 월동이 안 되어서 옥상녹화에 부적합한 것으로 생각되었다. 스피어민트와 레몬밤은 엽색의 변화와 동해 피해로 인해관상가치는 떨어졌으나, 월동이 가능하기 때문에 옥상녹화에 어느 정도 적용 가능한 식물로 판단되었다. 중부지방에서 활용 가능한 저관리형 옥상녹화용 허브식물로는 무관수시 생장이 증가하고 월동이 가능한 페퍼민트와탠지가 저관리형 옥상녹화용 식물로 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, 레몬버베나, 소프위트 및 레이디스맨틀도 중부지방에서 옥상녹화용 허브식물로 활용 가능한 것으로 판단되었다

Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Three Essential Oils Extracted from Mediterranean Aromatic Plants

Hazem S. Elshafie,Shimaa Sakr,Stefania M. Mang,Sandra Belviso,Vincenzo De Feo,Ippolito Camele 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.11

There is a growing interest in essential oils (EOs) as possible alternatives for traditional chemical pesticides. This study was carried out to characterize the chemical composition of the three EOs extracted from Verbena officinalis, Majorana hortensis, and Salvia officinalis using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to evaluate in vitro their efficacy against some phyto or human pathogens. The antifungal activity was investigated against Colletotrichum acutatum and Botrytis cinerea in comparison with Azoxystrobin as a large spectrum fungicide. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mojavensis, and Clavibacter michiganensis (G+ve) and Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas savastanoi, and P. syringae pv. phaseolicola (G−ve) compared to a synthetic antibiotic tetracycline. Minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated against the above tested fungi using 96-well microplate method. Results showed that the chemical structure of the three studied EOs was mainly composed of monoterpene compounds and all oils belong to the chemotype carvacrol/thymol. Results of GC analysis identified 64 compounds, which were identified based on their mass to charge ratio. Furthermore, the different concentrations of studied EOs inhibited the growth of tested microorganism in a dose-dependent manner.

Plant Collecting and Its Importance in the Development of New Types of Flowers

Meyer,Fred 서울여자대학교 대학원 1996 論文集 Vol.- No.4

All horticultural crops currently under cultivations were derived plant brought from wild sources. Some of these crops like roses, chrysanthemums, gladiolus have undergone a great deal of improvement over the years, while other crops have basically been included into horticulture without any real improvement. My presentation will focus my plant collection trips to various countries and how they were used directly into cultivation. Further, many species of new flowers will be introduced and breeding program to improve horticultural characteristics and to create new types of flowers will be described.