현행 중소기업기본법상 정의규정의 문제점과 개선방안

김원규 한국법학회 2023 법학연구 Vol.23 No.3

현행 중소기업기본법은 중소기업의 방향성 정립과 그 육성을 위한 시책의 기본적 사항의 규정을 통하여 창의적·자주적인 성장을 지원함과 동시에 산업 구조의 고도화 및 국민경제의 균형·발전을 꾀하기 위하여 마련되었는데, 동 법은 중소기업을 정의함에 있어서 지나치게 단순화함은 물론 애매한 표현으로 인한 문제 발생 가능성으로 인하여 세간의 눈살을 찌푸리게 하는 일이 종종 발생한다. 즉 동법상 중소기업의 정의 기준은 업종별 매출액과 자산총액 및 기업의 독립성을 기준으로 중소기업의 범위를 정하면서, 기존의 근로자 수 및 자본금의 크기는 동 기준에서 제외하고 있다. 여기서 문제는 우선 중소기업의 범위 기준에서 근로자 수가 제외된 점은 이를 굳이 여타 선진국의 경우와 비교하더라도 그 심각성을 바로 알 수 있으며, 또한 자본금을 동 기준에서 제외한 점도 기업의 도덕적 해이를 유인한 꼴이 되기에 충분했다는 점이다. 결국 현행 동 규정은 현재 중소기업 세제지원을 포함한 각종 정책적 지원은 동 법상의 중소기업자의 범위에 해당하는 기업을 그 대상으로 한다는 점, 중소기업의 경우 종사자 수는 기업의 매출 및 순익과도 긴밀하게 연동되어 기업의 생존에도 그 영향이 작지 않다는 점, 현행 중소기업기본법의 목적 등을 고려할 때, 그 복잡성을 포함하여 중소기업정책의 목적 등 몇 가지 간과하고 있다는 것을 바로 알 수 있다. 이에 비하여 선진 제 외국의 관련 규정은 좀 더 현실화를 꾀하고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 특히 중소기업기본법의 취지 및 동 법상 중소기업의 정의 규정의 목적을 고려한다면 그 규정은 공정하고 타당한 판단을 가능하게 하기 위한 정치한 규정이어야 한다. 그런데도 동 규정은 중소기업의 범위를 정하면서 그 기준을 단순히 평균매출액과 자산총액 및 그 독립성만을 규정하고 있는데, 이는 개정 전에 채택했던 기준인 근로자 수와 자본금이 한꺼번에 배제된 이유 내지는 근거가 당시 동법 개정 국회의 회의록에도 기록되지 않을 정도로 뚜렷한 개정 이유가 없는 개정이었다는 점, 이 중에서 근로자 수는 기업의 매출 및 순익과도 긴밀하게 연동되어 기업의 생존에도 그 영향이 작지 않을 뿐만 아니라 대부분의 선진국이 공통적으로 채택하고 있는 기준이라는 점에서 동 개정에 의문이 제기되지 않을 수 없다. 오히려 개정 전 법상의 기준지표였던 ”업종별 상시 근로자 수, 자본금, 매출액 또는 자산총액“의 각 항목을 그냥 그대로 살리면서 표현상 애매한 ”또는“이라는 표현을 삭제하되, 이 4가지의 기준지표 항목을 전문가그룹의 자문을 받아 종합적으로 검토하고 분석하여 최종적으로 대상 중소기업을 확정하도록 했다면 이를 비난할 자는 그리 많지는 않았을 것이다. 그러므로 그야말로 다양성 있는 중소기업의 세부적인 상황을 파악할 수 있는 다양한 기준지표를 발굴하여 이를 전문가 그룹으로 하여금 꼼꼼하게 분석하고 검토할 수 있는 환경이 법률상 만들어진다면, 설사 감염병의 확산에 의한 기업활동의 장애요인이 있더라도 정치적 목적이나 행정편의적인 발상에 휘둘리지 않고 공정한 판단히 가능할 것이다. Small and medium companies are smaller than large companies. Small and medium enterprises in many countries account for a very high proportion of the total enterprises. Therefore, Many countries around the world implement SME support policies. Korea's Basic Act on Small and Medium Business stipulates the standards for small and medium enterprises in order to efficiently implement policies. Some companies deliberately manipulate the standards of the Basic Act on Small and Medium Enterprises to receive government support. This phenomenon also occurs frequently in Japan, the United States and Korea. In the case of Korea, it has a different standard of small and medium enterprises from developed countries The number of workers is an important criterion for identifying small and medium enterprises, but only Korea does not define them. The author looks forward to revising the current Basic Act on Small and Medium Businesses. The Basic Act on Small and Medium Businesses in the future should stipulate various standards for small and medium enterprises. Capital may be intentionally manipulated, but it should be included in the standards of various small and medium enterprises. This is because it is necessary to comprehensively review the standards of various SMEs to judge true SMEs. The author believes that setting standards for small and medium enterprises should not involve administrative convenience or political purposes.

중소기업정책금융에 관한 소고

손영화(Young-Hoa Son) 한국기업법학회 2008 企業法硏究 Vol.22 No.3

Today, small and medium-sized enterprises take charge of job creation and new industry. Small and medium-sized enterprises are taking charge of the function as a subject which forms industry together with a major company. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises are, which can be referred to as being constituting the base which supports the competitive power of national industry in a sense. Each country has placed various policy money systems in order to take care of small and medium-sized enterprises. Training support of small and medium-sized enterprises has been an important policy subject not only in developing countries but in advanced nations like as the United States and Japan. Briefly considered to the system and the contents about a small and medium-sized enterprises policy and technical finance of the United States and Japan. Political current-events point which our country can acquire as a result They say that the efforts for the improvement of legal systems for promotion of the policy to small and medium-sized enterprises which was continuous and was consistent, and related policy promotion must run a race. As a result our country need to advocates enthusiastically "small first principle". A small and medium-sized enterprises policy is extended in future our country below when carrying out the policy money centering on technical finance. it is going to point out to the portion which must place a central feature. First, which sets commencement-of-business support of small and medium-sized enterprises as the center of a policy. Small and medium-sized enterprises with entrepreneurship open the place which bears and plays an active part. Second, the preparation of a policy for a small-and-medium-sized-enterprises which carried out the basis to the vision of internationalization also is required. It shall be needed to develop a policy and to go with the strong point which internationalization i.e., expansion of an enterprise opportunity, expense reduction, promotion of international division etc., Policy money is considered by the method of using a guarantee rather than the method of direct financing carrying out useful more. Third, the small and medium-sized enterprises policy need the thing suitable to the demand of an area which it develops and goes for the demand of an area. Also in support of technical finance. the technical finance to the small and medium-sized enterprises by a local bank is required.

중소기업의 금융환경과 관계형금융에 대한 법적 고찰

성승제 한국경제법학회 2014 경제법연구 Vol.13 No.3

Firstly, this paper reviewed on legal definition of small and medium enterprises. Secondly, I emphasized that essential factor in improvement of financial system regarding small and medium enterprises is asymmetric information. The fact that possessing asymmetric information towards corporation has always been depicted as critical problem in small and medium enterprise finance, and this problem seems to be remain unsolved. Information that financial companies obtain can only be limited information since small and medium enterprises are not equipped with appropriate financial statement and credibility of quantitative information is also very low. Therefore although Korea’s level of support towards small and medium enterprises is sufficient compared to other OECD countries, but yet still small and medium enterprises are having trouble in raising funds. I explained once again that such problem keeps reoccurring. This problem has been pointed out since 30 years ago, and the reason being for such problem is first, small and medium enterprises’ management scale is small due to weak capital power and also business stability is lower than big corporations. Second, since financial transaction bases on credibility, banks tend to limit giving loans to small and medium enterprises. Third, financial cost is high since small and medium enterprises’ loan handling cases is a lot but total loan amount is low compared to big corporations. Fourth is establishing small and medium enterprises are somewhat easy since it can be started with little capital, but since there are many competitors it is also easy to go out of business. Fifth reason is that there is high competition in financing, thus it is hard to actually raise funds. Lastly, policy funds ratio for small and medium enterprise is high and financial fund is low. These reasons are all applicable today, except for one. Prior to full enforcement of Basel III, complication of small and medium enterprise is increasing. Restoration of relationship banking is being suggested, but its enforcement is still in question. In order to improve financial environment for small and medium enterprises, we need to strengthen the positions of small and medium enterprises so that relationship banking can be put into force. 본고는 우선 중소기업의 법적 의의를 검토하였다. 다음 중소기업금융 제도 개선에서 핵심은 정보의 비대칭성 문제라는 점을 재확인하였다. 중소기업 금융에 있어서 거래처에 대한 정보의 비대칭성이 심각한 문제라는 것은 거의 언제나 지적되고 있으며, 풀리지 않는 숙제라 할 것이다. 재무제표가 제대로 구비되어 있지 않고 정량적 정보의 신뢰성도 낮기 때문에 금융회사가 중소기업에 대하여 수집할 수 있는 정보도 제한적일 수밖에 없다. 그래서 우리나라 중소기업정책이 지원규모 및 종류 등에서 OECD 어느 나라와 비교해도 뒤지지 않은 수준이라는 의견이 있음에도 불구하고 우리나라 중소기업은 여전히 자금 마련에 어려움을 느끼고 있다. 이러한 문제는 계속되고 있다는 점을 다시 설명하였다. 이미 30여 년 전부터 지적된 바 있으니, 당시에도 첫째 중소기업은 자본력이 취약하여 경영규모가 작고 경영 그 자체도 안정성이 대기업에 비하여 낮다는 점으로 인하여 금융 측면에서 불리한 점이 되고 있어서 자금조달의 능력을 약화시키는 요인이 된다는 점, 둘째 중소기업은 신용력이 약한 즉, 금융거래란 신용력이 바탕이라는 면에서 중소기업은 불리하며 일반 상업은행은 신용도가 낮은 중소기업에 대한 대출에 제한을 두려고 한다는 점, 셋째 중소기업 융자는 건당 자금 수요가 대기업에 비하여 상대적으로 소액이고 건수는 많기 때문에 금융비용이 높게 먹는다는 점, 넷째 중소기업은 비교적 소자본으로 창업이 가능하여 창업기동성은 유익하지만 신규기업이 많은 만큼 죽기도 잘 한다는 점이 있고, 은행들의 입장에서 그만큼 대손처분 가능성과 불안정성이 높아서 금융조건·절차·융자기간 등을 까다롭게 부과하려고 한다는 점, 다섯째 융자경쟁이 過當하기 때문에 은행융자의 창구를 더욱 어렵게 한다는 점, 여섯째 중소기업에 대한 정책자금 공급비율이 높고 금융자금 융자의 폭이 좁다는 점 등이 지적된 바 있다. 이중 한 가지를 제외하고는 오늘날과 거의 같다고 할 수 있다. 오늘날 바젤Ⅲ 협약 전면실시를 앞두고 대기업에 비하여 취약한 중소기업 금융의 어려움은 더욱 가중되고 있다. 관계형 금융의 복원이 제안되고 있으나, 전망은 미지수라 할 것이다. 중소기업 금융환경을 개선하기 위한 법적 검토가 관계형 금융을 실천에 옮길 중소 금융회사 입지 강화 등을 통하여 이루어져야 한다고 본다.

중소기업 기술유출 방지를 위한 법제 연구

국신욱 한국지식재산학회 2015 産業財産權 Vol.- No.46

In the past, only material assents that a company owns were protected by property rights, however, these days, intangible intellectual property becomes more and more important. Since it costs a lot of expense and time to develop this kind of intangible intellectual property, some immoral firms with malice choose to steal related technologies from other companies instead of investing time and money in new technologies. The victim company whose technology has been stolen not only suffers a technical loss, but also lots of money loss and is put in danger of going bankrupt at worst. In case of major companies with various technologies and huge capital, technology leakage causes only financial losses, whereas it can finally result in bankruptcy to small and medium-sized enterprises, because mostly they run the company depending on specialized single technology they have. This is why the protection of technology is necessary for small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, large companies are equipped with capital and human resources to protect themselves from technology leakage, while most of small and medium enterprises are not. On this account, legal support to prevent technology leakage from small and medium enterprises is urgently needed. Also, governmental support is essential because technology leakage of small and medium enterprises definitely has an effect on national competitiveness as well as enterprise itself. The importance of technology protection of small and medium enterprises has recently come to the fore as a critical social issue and National Assembly has given weight to this issue and examined it carefully. Consequently, 「Act on Supporting Technological Protection of Small and Medium Enterprises」 is legislated on this May and becomes effective from November. Thanks to it, legal ground for systematical support at government level has been made to protect technology of small and medium enterprises. Reviewing domestic and foreign legislations and looking into present condition of technology protection of small and medium enterprises, this study suggests improvements of legal system to prevent technology leakage of small and medium enterprises as follows. First, more organized personnel management and compensation system should be introduced to prevent technology leakage caused by professional human resources who resign or change jobs. Second, several methods are mentioned to create new value using safe technology protected by legal system that prevents small and medium enterprises from technology leakage. Third, methods are discussed to settle a dispute prior to legal action in case of technology leakage from small and medium enterprises. Furthermore, plans are reviewed to reward a third party reporter who recognizes technology leakage and notifies it to related organization. Fourth, suggestion is made to increase the penalty for technology leakage of small and medium enterprises to arouse public attention. Finally, a designated organization should be responsible for technology leakage of small and medium enterprises as well as technology data submitted to government and public institution for protection. In addition, technology certification system for small and medium enterprises should be built to check the security condition on a regular bases to prevent technology leakage in early stages and damage insurance system to support litigation expenses and other financial losses in case of technology leakage should be introduced.

A Study on the Legal Issues of Short-term Export Credit Insurance (Small and Medium Enterprise Plus Program)

Kim, Jae-Doo 한국무역금융보험학회(구 한국무역보험학회) 2020 무역보험연구 Vol.21 No.4

2019년 우리나라는 수출액 5418억 4700만 달러로 세계 7위, 수입액 5041억 7100만 달러로 세 계 9위의 무역규모를 가지고 있다. 과거 우리나라의 수출주도형 성장전략은 대기업 위주의 수 출을 중심으로 하였다. 그러나 오늘날에 와서는 중소기업과 중견기업에 의한 수출도 상당히 많이 이루어 지고 있다. 최근 5년간 중소기업과 중견기업의 수출도 전체수출의 35% 내외를 꾸준히 담당하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 그동안 우리나라의 수출을 진흥하기 위한 방법으로서의 수출보험의 역할은 여러 학자들에 의 하여 인정된 바 있다. 그런데 기존 수출보험 상품은 보험가입과 보험계약유지를 위해 상당한 전문성이 요구되어 중소기업과 중견기업이 이용하기 위해서는 무리가 있다는 의견이 있었다. 2008년 4월 한국무역보험공사에서는 중소기업과 중견기업을 위하여 단기수출보험(중소중견 Plus)을 새로운 보험상품으로 내놓았다. 단기수출보험(중소중견Plus)은 중소기업과 중견기업이 기존 단기수출보험에 비해 수입자 신용조사절차가 생략되는 등 대폭 간소화된 절차로 보험에 가입할 수 있다. 또한 수출거래가 발생시 통지후 보험료를 후납하는 것이 아닌 일반 손해보험 계약처럼 1년간의 보험료를 선납하여 무역보험제도에 익숙하지 못한 중소기업에게도 쉽게 이 해될 수 있었다. 게다가 지방자치단체 혹은 무역협회를 통한 단체가입과 보험료 지원이 가능 하여 소규모 중소기업은 자체 비용 부담 없이 무역보험제도를 이용 가능하도록 하였다. 본고는 이러한 단기수출보험(중소중견Plus)의 자세한 내용과 그 운영을 분석하고 현행 약관이 가지는 문제점을 분석하여 향후 보다 나은 제도개선이 이루어지도록 연구하였다. Purpose : This study intends to examine Short term Export Credit Insurance (Small and Medium Enterprise Plus Program) and find out its contents to present its improvement in the future. This study examine terms and conditions of the Short term Export Credit Insurance (Small and Medium Enterprise Plus Program), and analyze legal issues of terms and conditions of that insurance contract. And the author suggest some amendments of the terms and conditions of the Short term Export Credit Insurance (Small and Medium Enterprise Plus Program). Research design, data, methodology : This study examine the terms and conditions of the Short term Export Credit Insurance (Small and Medium Enterprise Plus Program), and analyze legal issues of terms and conditions of that insurance contract. And the author suggest some amendments of the terms and conditions of the Short term Export Credit Insurance (Small and Medium Enterprise Plus Program). Results : The definition of Small and Medium Enterprise, which the terms and conditions of the Short term Export Credit Insurance (Small and Medium Enterprise Plus Program) does not currently have, should be included. In addition, it is thought that it is necessary to prepare measures to compensate for the problems arising from group insurance of it. Conclusions : The Short term Export Credit Insurance (Small and Medium Enterprise Plus Program) is currently being operated as a very useful system for supporting Small and Medium Enterprise. However, further improvements are needed to prevent the possibility of being abused as insurance fraud.

A Study on the System of Corporate Income Tax for Supporting the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises of China

서정우,위에슈민 한국회계정보학회 2013 회계정보연구 Vol.31 No.4

Globally, the importance of small-sized enterprises in the development of national economic development becomes significant. In major countries like U.S., etc., small-sized enterprises contribute more than 95% of the whole enterprises of the country’s development. Since the Chinese open economic, small and medium-sized enterprises in China contribute significantly on continuous development of national economy. According to national statistics of China, number of registered small and medium-sized enterprises already exceeds 10 Million, which comprises 99.8% of total registered enterprises. Total assets value of industrial small and medium-sized enterprises is 60%, and the income and tax is 40% of national statistics. Not only small and medium-sized enterprise provides around 75% of employment opportunity, but also contributes increasing of number of newly employed by 90%. In addition, 60% of total export is from small and medium-sized enterprise. Small and medium-sized enterprise contributes significantly on the development of Chinese economic growth and social development and the growth in the number of small and medium-sized enterprise and increase in an output become the new growing point of Chinese economy. Chinese government currently supports small and medium-sized enterprise through various tax support policies. However, in order to increase the effectiveness of tax support policies, government needs to verify appropriate target for the policy and to develop simplified and comprehensible tax support system. Also, education and promotion on tax system for small and medium-sized enterprise should be strengthened.

중소기업 해외진출지원에 관한 연구 일본과 독일의 지원정책사례를 중심으로

요시모토 코지,배일현 한국유통과학회 2015 유통과학연구 Vol.13 No.7

Purpose - This research analyzes overseas expansion support systems for small- and medium-sized enterprises in Germany and Japan. Germany and Japan have developed overseas expansion support policies for such enterprises. The study then explores the implications for Korea and its local governments. Research design, data, and methodology - We did a comparative analysis of Japan and Germany and their support for overseas expansion of small and medium companies. Data were mainly collected from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) and the Germany Trade and Invest (Germany) agency through statistics and literature surveys, and analysis studies. Results - First, human resources cultivation and funding support policies, which both Germany and Japan use as part of small- and medium-sized enterprise policies, should be modified to Korean circumstances and to reflect its own small- and medium- sized enterprise support needs. Second, both the German policies that support overseas expansion of small- and medium- sized enterprises and those of Japan's include the philosophy and methods that put an emphasis on these enterprises, despite the fact that there are big differences in the overseas policies in these two countries. Third, German and Japanese governments are embracing the idea that small- and medium- sized enterprises are key to their national economies and implementing policies based on the ratio occupied by these en-terprises in the domestic consumption or GDP. In other words, Germany and Japan consider small- and medium-sized enterprises as central to their nation's industry, and assess them as economic industry that should definitely exist for the continued survival of big businesses, and not just as merely supplemental to big business. Fourth, whereas Germany emphasizes support to product exhibition in its overseas expansion support policies, Japan is providing integrated support containing foreign direct investment to small- and medium-sized enterprises. Fifth, there are differences in the overseas expansion support in Germany and Japan in terms of their support to big business. Whereas Germany considers support to big business unnecessary, Japan is implementing active support policies to areas corresponding to big business. Korea will have to benchmark the policies of Germany and Japan, and decide whether or not to give full support to small- and medium-sized enterprises, while excluding areas supporting big business. Conclusions - Based on this analysis of German and Japanese overseas expansion support policies, we need to choose the policies that will engender a solid outcome and derive modified policies for the circumstances of Korea. Additionally, we can use the comparison of the overseas support policies of Japan and Germany to choose small- and medium- sized enterprise overseas expansion support policies for Korea. However, we cannot provide specific overseas support policies by industry. This point will be referenced as a limitation of this study. In future research, we expect that some researchers will take an empirical approach to exploring Korean overseas expansion support through collecting cases of overseas support policies and interviewing policy authorities.

중소기업과 대학의 연구개발을 위한 협력에 있어 리빙랩의 역할에 관한 연구

최재한,윤종훈 大田大學校 社會科學硏究所 2020 社會科學論文集 Vol.- No.-

Today, fierce efforts by companies to dominate the market are underway in various fields. In particular, I am making efforts in research and development. Investment in research and development by small and medium-sized Korean companies is very low compared to that of large companies. Small and medium-sized enterprises account for 1.3% of Korea's total research and development expenses. The figure is very low to secure the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses. Industrial-academic cooperation is emerging as a new breakthrough in the face of the research and development reality of small and medium-sized companies. In particular, Living Lab is proposed as a direct solution to the development of women's needs of small and medium-sized companies. Living Lab, however, is an unfamiliar term and is used only for environmental and welfare issues. This study is aimed at improving the research and development capabilities of small and medium enterprises by analyzing the role of universities in the development of difficult technologies of small and medium enterprises. In order to achieve this research goal, a survey was conducted on universities and small business officials who are closely cooperating with small and medium enterprises. Of the 200 questionnaires, 185 were used in the study, and statistical processing utilized SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. Prior research selected common values, interactions, recognition of importance, sustainability, technical use and compatibility for the role of Living Lab as components and identified the relevance of these factors to R&D success. As a result, all of the components were influencing the success of R&D. Therefore, this study found that living labs can contribute to improving the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises, which directly affect the development of difficulty technologies for small and medium-sized enterprises and universities. In the future, universities and small and medium-sized enterprises should work together to come up with win-win cooperation measures to generate profits and generate results.

중소기업 지원 금융법 소고 : 정책 금융을 중심으로

김지은 이화여자대학교 법학전문대학원 2015 Ewha Law Review Vol.5 No.1

Recently, the government has been offering a number of policies for the mutual growth of small and medium corporations and large corporations. However, in aspect of supporting the small and medium industry, financial laws have not been actively utilized. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a solution by presenting a comparative legal study, and simultaneously to examine the attributes and limitations of financial laws in their support of the small and medium industry so far. In 1956, various legal systems have been made including the Industrial Bank of Korea Act, and the Framework Act on Small and Medium Enterprises. These legislations had redundant subjects, abstract purposes and overly broad applications, leading them to have limited effect in addressing the challenges faced by small and medium businesses. Typical challenges faced by these businesses - information asymmetry and inadequate funding, in particular - are pervasive in the financial market. However, government policies neglect the maintenance of corporation laws that would enable small and medium businesses to secure funding for themselves, being focused only on taking large corporations’ funds and distributing them to the smaller corporations. Unlike the United States and Japan, which enable small and medium corporations to secure their own funding by providing non-economic means such as credit in their early establishment stages, Korea gives direct economic means to venture corporations in the form of R&D costs. Providing money may be more convenient in the short term compared to providing credit, but in the long term it is necessary to establish a legislation that secures credit, ensuring a sustainable development of small businesses. SBA policy of the United States shows great implications on the importance of securing credit in the early stages of small and medium corporations. In addition, small and medium finance policies in the United States and Japan show specific purposes and clear criteria on the usage of funding compared to those in Korea. To improve small and medium industry policies in Korea, policies that aim to mitigate the information asymmetry in financial markets is needed. Such alternatives include different forms of financial assistance to suit the characteristics of each corporation, collection of small and medium business information corresponding to the involvement of banks, and segmentation of evaluation criteria according to the purpose of each corporation. It is necessary to foster small and medium corporations’ self-sustained development once they have moved past direct financial assistance in their early stages of development. 최근 정부에서는 중소기업과 대기업의 동반 성장을 목적으로 한 여러 정책을 내놓고 있다.그러나 중소기업을 지원하는 금융법 분야에서는 위와 같은 논의가 활성화 되지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 현재까지 중소기업을 지원하는 금융법제가 어떠한 특성과 한계를 지니고 있는지 살펴보는 동시에 비교법적 논의를 통하여 그 해결책을 논하고자 한다. 1956년을 기점으로 중소기업은 행법, 중소기업기본법 등 여러 법제들이 만들어졌다. 이들 법제는 적용 대상의 중복성이나 목적의 추상성, 적용범위의 포괄성 등으로 인하여 현재 중소기업이 겪고 있는 어려움을 해결하는 데 한계를 보이고 있다. 특히 정보의 비대칭성, 자금력의 부족 등 중소기업이 태생적으로 지닐 수밖에 없는 특성들이 금융시장에 만연해 있다. 그러나 정부의 정책은 대기업의 자금을 중소기업에 분배하는 데에만 초점이 맞추어져 있으며 중소기업이 스스로의 힘으로 자금력을 확보하여 기업 활동을 할 수 있도록 하는 기업법 정비를 소홀히 하고 있다. 미국과 일본의 경우 기업의 초기 단계에 비경제적인 수단인 신용을 확보할 수 있게 하여 중소기업이 자금력을 가질 수 있는 방안을 마련하는 데 반하여, 한국은 직접적으로 경제적인 수단을 사용하여 벤처기업들에 개발비를 주고 있다. 자금을 확보할 수 있는 신용을 제공하는 것과 벤처기업에 돈을 제공하는 것은 단기적으로 볼 때, 후자가 편리할 수는 있으나 장기적인 관점에서 중소기업의 지속적 발전을 위하여 신용을 확보할 수 있는 법제를 마련하는 것이 바람직하다. 미국의 SBA정책은 중소기업 초기 단계의 신용확보의 중요성에 대하여 시사하는 바가 크다. 이 밖에도 미국과 일본의 중소기업 정책금융은 세분화된 목적과 자금의 사용처에 대한 명확한 기준 등을 제시하는 점에서 한국의 정책금융과 차이를 보인다. 한국의 중소기업 정책금융의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 금융시장에서의 정보 불균형을 완화하는 방향의 정책이 요구된다. 이에 대하여 기업의 특성에 따른 금융지원방식의 차별화, 은행의 매개 여부에 따른 차별화된 중소기업 정보의 수집, 기업의 목적에 따른 평가 항목의 세분화등이 대안이 될 수 있다. 직접 금융을 촉진하여 기업이 초기 단계에서 벗어났을 때 발전 단계에서 자생력을 키우는 것이 필요하다.

중소기업 기술보호지원정책의 문제점과 개선방안 -가칭 「중소기업 기술보호 지원법」의 제정안을 중심으로-

박정구 ( Jeong Ku Park ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구원 2014 과학기술법연구 Vol.20 No.1

This paper is concerned with problems and legal solutions of the technology protection support system for Small and Medium Enterprise(SME) in Korea, focused on the draft of Technology Protection Support Act for Small and Medium Enterprise. The business environment related to the Small and Medium Enterprise(SME) has recently changed by global competition. With the change of the business environment, it is very important to protect the technology of SMEs in the economy sector. Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs) serve as a source of dynamism of the Korean economy and play a leading role in providing goods and services, creating employment opportunities, acting as a seedbed for market competition, and contributing to the development of regional economies and societies. To enable this source of dynamism for the Korean economy, the SME policies will encourage SMEs to be innovative in business and respond to changes in the business environment, and develop the environment for the growth in the global economy. In order to achieve this, the technology protection service system for Small and Medium Enterprise(SME) of government is necessary for the growth of SMEs in the global economy and the system should be based on the competition policies in the small business sector. The article of 24 of the draft of Small and Medium Enterprise Technology Protection Support Act is intended for all Small and Medium Enterprises(SME) to support directly the certain amount for their legal costs. Some survey researches related to the situation of SMEs also reflect that the current Korean technology protect support system has several problems. In order to solve the problems, the technology protect support system for Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs) should be enacted based on the competition policies. They will encourage SMEs to increase their competitiveness for the growth in the global economy. The Basic Act on SMEs of Korea should be also amended towards support for the new Technology Protection Support Act for Small and Medium Enterprise.