딥러닝의 다수 입력 이미지 학습 및 추론 효율 향상을 위해 추가적인 처리 프로세스 연구

최동규(Donggyu Choi),김민영(Minyoung Kim),장종욱(Jongwook Jang) 한국정보통신학회 2021 한국정보통신학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.25 No.2

실생활에는 많은 카메라가 활용되고 있으며 단순한 추억을 위한 사진 촬영을 넘어서 문제 상황을 확인하기 위하여 감시, 방범을 위하여 많이 사용되고 있다. 이러한 감시와 방범은 일반적인 형태로 단순한 저장으로만 사용되고 있으며, 다수의 카메라를 활용하는 시스템에서는 추가 기능을 활용하는 것은 하드웨어의 추가적인 사양을 요구하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 일반적인 이미지 처리에서 벗어난 객체 감지 시스템을 수행하는 하나의 하드웨어 또는 서버에서 입력된 여러 개의 이미지 입력 처리하기 위해 이미지 입력 방법과 객체 감지 이후 처리 프로세스를 추가한다. 방법의 수행은 딥러닝을 수행하는 하드웨어의 학습과 추론에 모두 활용해 보며 개선된 이미지 처리 프로세스를 수행할 수 있도록 한다. Many cameras are used in real life, and they are often used for monitoring and crime prevention to check the situation of problems beyond just taking pictures for memories. Such surveillance and prevention are generally used only for simple storage, and in systems utilizing multiple cameras, utilizing additional features would require additional hardware specifications. In this paper, we add image input methods and post-object processing processes to process multiple image inputs from one hardware or server that perform object detection systems that deviate from typical image processing. The performance of the method is utilized in both learning and reasoning of the hardware performing deep learning, and allows improved image processing processes to be performed.

혈변 환자에서 대장내시경의 역할

김영욱 ( Young Wook Kim ),최황 ( Hwang Choi ),김기준 ( Gi Jun Kim ),류승지 ( Seung Jee Ryu ),박성민 ( Sung Min Park ),김준성 ( Joon Sung Kim ),지정선 ( Jeong Seon Ji ),김병욱 ( Byung Wook Kim ),이보인 ( Bo In Lee ),최명규 ( Myung 대한소화기학회 2016 대한소화기학회지 Vol.67 No.2

목적: 혈변 환자 평가를 위해 대장내시경이 꼭 시행되어야 하는 것이 아님에도 불구하고, 일반적으로 국내에서 의사들은 혈변을 주소로 내원한 환자들에게 대장내시경을 권고하고 있다. 이번 연구는 혈변 평가를 위해 시행된 대장내시경의 진단적 가치를 확인하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 총 321명의 혈변 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 대장내시경 결과를 검토하였다. 결과: 치핵이 가장 흔한 진단이었고(217예, 67.6%) 선종은 그다음으로 흔한 발견 병소였다(93예, 29.0%). 악성 종양(18예, 5.6%)은 모두 구불결장 이하 범위에서 확인되었다. 결장염 및 직장염, 급성 치열, 직장 유암종, 숙변 궤양 등은 임상적 추정 및 구불결장경에 의한 진단이 가능하며, 정확한 진단을 위한 대장내시경의 추가적 이득은 없었다. 결론: 대장내시경이 유발하는 부작용 및 비용을 고려할 때 혈변 평가에 있어 구불결장경 이상의 이득은 제한적이다. 그러므로 혈변 평가에 있어 우선 구불결장경을 고려하여야 한다. Background/Aims: Although colonoscopy is not indicated in patients with hematochezia, many surgeons, internists, and physicians are recommending colonoscopy for these patients in Korea. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of colonoscopy for patients with hematochezia. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of colonoscopy between January 2010 and December 2010. A total of 321 patients among 3,038 colonoscopies (10.6%) underwent colonoscopy to evaluate the cause of hematochezia. The patients with previous colorectal surgery (2) or polypectomy (5) were excluded. We analyzed endoscopic diagnoses. Advanced neoplastic polyps were defined as adenomas with villous histology or high grade dysplasia, or adenomas more than 10 mm in diameter. Results: Hemorrhoid was the most common diagnosis (217 cases, 67.6%). Polyps were detected in 93 patients (29.0%), but advanced neoplastic polyps were found in only 14 cases (4.4%). Colorectal cancers were diagnosed in 18 patients (5.6%) including 14 rectal cancers. There was no cancer located above sigmoid-descending junction. Diverticuli were detected in 41 patients (12.8%) but there was only one case of suspected diverticular bleeding. Colitis was diagnosed in 24 patients (7.5%). Other lesions included acute anal fissure, rectal tumor, stercoral ulcer, and radiation proctitis. Conclusions: The colonoscopy had little value in patients with hematochezia because the most pathologic lesions were located below sigmoid colon. The first choice of diagnosis in patients with hematochezia is sigmoidoscopy.

Potential Utility of Fecal Calprotectin in Discriminating Colorectal Polyps From Other Major Etiologies in Children Presenting With Isolated Hematochezia

Kim Yu Bin,Kim Ju Young,Choi Sujin,Kim Hyun Jin,Lee Yoo Min,Lee Yoon,Jang Hyo-Jeong,Lee Eun Hye,Lee Kyung Jae,Kim Soon Chul,Choi So Yoon,Kang Yunkoo,Yi Dae Yong,Choi You Jin,Choe Byung-Ho,Kang Ben 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.9

Background: Colorectal polyps are the most common cause of isolated hematochezia in children, which requires a colonoscopy for diagnosis. We aimed to investigate the potential utility of fecal calprotectin (FC) in assessing colorectal polyps detected by colonoscopy among children presenting with isolated hematochezia. Methods: Pediatric patients of the age of < 18 years who had undergone both colonoscopy and FC tests for isolated hematochezia from June 2016 to May 2020 were included in the present multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study. Comparative analysis was conducted between major causes of isolated hematochezia and FC cut-offs for discriminating colorectal polyps were explored. Results: A total 127 patients were included. Thirty-five patients (27.6%) had colorectal polyps, followed by anal fissure (14.2%), ulcerative colitis (UC; 12.6%), and others. A significant difference in FC levels was observed between patients with colorectal polyps (median, 278.7 mg/kg), anal fissures (median, 42.2 mg/kg), and UC (median, 981 mg/ kg) (P < 0.001). According to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, among patients diagnosed with colorectal polyp or anal fissure, the most accurate FC cut-off for discriminating colorectal polyps from anal fissures on colonoscopy was 225 mg/kg (sensitivity, 59.4%; specificity, 94.4%; positive predictive value [PPV], 95.0%; negative predictive value [NPV], 56.7%; area under the curve [AUC], 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.678–0.923; P < 0.001), while among patients diagnosed with colorectal polyp or UC, the most accurate FC cut-off for discriminating colorectal polyps from UC on colonoscopy was 879 mg/kg (sensitivity, 81.2%; specificity, 56.2%; PPV, 78.8%; NPV, 60.0%; AUC, 0.687; 95% CI, 0.521–0.852; P < 0.001). Conclusion: FC may assist in assessing the cause of lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding in children who present with isolated hematochezia.

Case Report : Hematochezia with Colonic Polypoid Angiodysplasia in a Young Female Patient

( Hong Kyu Choi ),( Chan Ik Park ),( Jung Ah Shin ),( Jong Tae Moon ),( Se Joon Lee ),( Chan Il Park ),( Hyo Jin Park ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2008 Gut and Liver Vol.2 No.2

A 18-year-old girl visited the hospital due to hematochezia. Colonoscopy revealed a 6-mm Yamada type II polyp with stigmata of bleeding, and a shallow ulcer on top was found at the cecum base. The polyp was removed by snare polypectomy, and hematochezia stopped thereafter. Angiodysplasia was diagnosed histopathologically. Generally, angiodysplasia appears as a flat or elevated, bright-red lesion on endoscopy, with a polypoid shape being extremely rare. This case is significant because the lesion occurred at the youngest reported age and was the smallest that has been reported, and is the only polypoid arteriovenous malformation to be discovered in the cecum.

Jejunal Variceal Bleeding Successfully Treated with Percutaneous Coil Embolization

구소미,정승원,장재영,이태희,전성란,김현건,김진오,김용재 대한의학회 2012 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.27 No.3

A 52-yr-old male with alcoholic liver cirrhosis was hospitalized for hematochezia. He had undergone small-bowel resection due to trauma 15 yr previously. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed grade 1 esophageal varices without bleeding. No bleeding lesion was seen on colonoscopy, but capsule endoscopy showed suspicious bleeding from angiodysplasia in the small bowel. After 2 weeks of conservative treatment,the hematochezia stopped. However, 1 week later, the patient was re-admitted with hematochezia and a hemoglobin level of 5.5 g/dL. Capsule endoscopy was performed again and showed active bleeding in the mid-jejunum. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a varix in the jejunal branch of the superior mesenteric vein. A direct portogram performed via the transhepatic route showed portosystemic collaterals at the distal jejunum. The patient underwent coil embolization of the superior mesenteric vein just above the portosystemic collaterals and was subsequently discharged without re-bleeding. At 8 months after discharge, his condition has remained stable, without further bleeding episodes.

Hematochezia due to Angiodysplasia of the Appendix

최제민,이승훈,이승현,안병권,백승언 대한대장항문학회 2016 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.32 No.3

Common causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding include diverticular disease, vascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, neoplasms, and hemorrhoids. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding of appendiceal origin is extremely rare. We report a case of lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to angiodysplasia of the appendix. A 72-year-old man presented with hematochezia. Colonoscopy showed active bleeding from the orifice of the appendix. We performed a laparoscopic appendectomy. Microscopically, dilated veins were found at the submucosal layer of the appendix. The patient was discharged uneventfully. Although lower gastrointestinal bleeding of appendiceal origin is very rare, clinicians should consider it during differential diagnosis.

Rare Cause of Hematochezia in Children: Solitary Rectal Ulcer, Single Center Experience

Fatma İlknur Varol,Şükrü Güngör,Mukadder Ayşe Selimoğlu,Emine Şamdancı 대한소화기학회 2024 대한소화기학회지 Vol.83 No.1

Background/Aims: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) can be overlooked, diagnosed late, or misdiagnosed, particularly in childhood. This study reviewed the 13-year experience of the authors’ institution to increase clinicians' awareness of SRUS in the presence of symptoms. This paper reports the endoscopic and histopathological findings in children presenting with hematochezia. Methods: The clinical and laboratory findings of 22 patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven SRUS in the authors’ clinic between 2007 and 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 12.5±2.6 years, and 59.1% of the patients were male. The median time of diagnosis was 24 months. A single ulcer lesion was found by colonoscopy in 18 patients (81.8%), two ulcers in two patients (9%), and more than two ulcers in two patients (9%). The pathology reports of all biopsies taken from the lesions were consistent with a solitary rectal ulcer. In the first stage, the treatment was started with toilet training, a high-fiber diet, and laxatives. In 11 patients (50%) who did not respond to the initial treatment, a 5-ASA enema was added. A glucocorticoid enema was added to treatment in five patients (22%) whose complaints did not regress despite this treatment. Clinical remission was achieved in five of the patients (18.1%). The time to diagnosis was significantly shorter in those in remission than those not in remission (p=0.04). Conclusions: This study is the first large series on Turkish children. An increased awareness of SRUS in children will increase the rate of early diagnosis and treatment, allowing remission in more patients.

혈변으로 발현한 스파르가눔증

이영주 ( Young Ju Lee ),장재영 ( Jae Young Jang ),동석호 ( Seok Ho Dong ),김효종 ( Hyo Jong Kim ),김병호 ( Byung Ho Kim ),장영운 ( Young Woon Chang ),장린 ( Rin Chang ) 대한내과학회 2009 대한내과학회지 Vol.77 No.5

Sparganosis is a parasite infection caused by a sparganum, which is a plerocercoid larva of cestodes in the genus Spirometra. Recently, we experienced an unusual case of sparganosis of the descending colon in a 68-year-old female who presented with acute abdominal pain and severe hematochezia. At colonoscopy, a large hematoma was seen in the descending colon. The biopsy specimen showed the degenerating sparganum of a parasitic worm. We report this with a brief review of literature. (Korean J Med 77:616-619, 2009)

혈변을 동반한 위막성 대장염 3예

강현준,곽동협,최민호,김호태,곽태영,이현철,김영성,김정희 대한소화기내시경학회 2011 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.42 No.6

Clostridium difficile is the most common nosocomial pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract. Pseudomembranous colitis occurs as a result of a severe inflammatory response to Clostridium difficile toxins. Pseudomembranous colitis is an increasingly frequent cause of morbidity and mortality among elderly hospitalized patients. Diarrhea is the most common manifestation. According to the literature,stools are almost never grossly bloody, and range from soft and unformed to watery or mucoid in consistency. We now report the cases of three patients with pseudomembranous colitis whose main clinical manifestation was hematochezia. Clostridium difficile은 고령의 입원 환자들에게 위장관의 병변을 일으키는 대표적인 원내감염 균주이다. Clostridium difficile과 연관된 질병 중 가장 심한 형태로, Clostridium difficile toxin에 의한 장내의 염증반응으로 발생하는 위막성 대장염은 설사가 주 증상으로 대변은 육안적으로 거의 혈성을 띄지 않는다. 그러나 저자 등은 육안적 혈변을 주 증상으로 하는 위막성 대장염 3예를 경험하여서 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다.

Improvement of cancer bleeding in rectal cancer patient with a herbal decoction, Inhyungtang : A case report

Lee, Jee Young,Choi, SeongHeon,Park, Sora,Lee, Sung Un,Lee, Soomin,Jung, Yeehong The Society of Korean Medicine 2014 대한한의학회지 Vol.35 No.4

Objectives: Rectal cancer bleeding occurs approximately 20% of overall rectal cancer patients. The current standard treatments cannot cover minor bleeding enough. Failures of the local or systemic approaches to stop bleeding are frequently reported. Methods: we reported a case of male rectal cancer patient who was treated with herbal decoction and significantly improved on symptoms, such as, loose stools and rectal bleeding. Previous to first visiting to our clinic, he was prescribed to use oral tranexamic acids, which failed to relieve his symptoms. He was administered with an herbal decoction, Inhyungtang, clinically known to have hemostastic effect in hematochezia. Results & Conclusion: The prescription showed significant improvement on his symptom, in particular, his bleeding. Thus, we report his case and we expect further experiences and experimental studies to support efficacy of Inhyungtang.