단기통엔진에서의 GTL(Gas to Liquid) 연료특성 연구

金銅熙,李海喆,車京玉 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2006 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.25 No.-

Recently, alternative fuels are drawing more attentions due to the increasing need for lower emission characteristics and fuel consumption rate in automotive engine. The GTL(gas to luquid) is the one of most favored candidates. GTL is a synthetic liquified fuel made from natural gas or charcoal with Fischer-Tropsch mechanism. It has higher cetane number(more than 75) and almost negligible sulphur and aromatic contents. Therefore, enhanced emission characteristics are expected even in the application in diesel engines without any modification. In this study, the engine performances and emission characteristics are compared between diesel and GTL fuel in the single cylinder diesel engine. Also the various blendings between Diesel and GTL(30%, 50% in volume) are also tested to investigate optimal blending ratio in the respect of emission characteristics. Noticeable reduction in soot, THC and CO emission are observed without the loss of engine power due to low sulphur and aromatic contents in GTL. Also, the ignition delay creased due to higher cetane number of GTL, which slightly decreased the amount of NOx emissions.

Aspen Plus를 이용한 GTL Reforming 공정별 운전효율 비교

배지한(Bae, Jihan),김용헌(Kim, Yongheon),김재호(Kim, Jaeho) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.11

GTL(Gas-to-Liquids)공정 중 합성가스 제조공정(Reforming Process)인 ATR(Auto-Thermal Reforming), SCR(Steam Carbon Reforming), POx(Partial Oxidation)의 시뮬레이션 연구를 수행하였다. Reforming 공정에서 생산된 합성가스는 GTL 합성유 제조공정인 FT(Fischer-Thropsch) 반응기로 주입되며, 합성유 생산에 최적의 효율을 보이는 H2/CO 비(합성가스에 포함된 반응물비)는 2.0으로 알려져 있다. FT공정은 합성가스를 원료로 고온 및 고압 반응을 거쳐 GTL 공정의 최종 생산품인 FT합성유를 제조하는 공정이다. 본 연구에서는 FT공정 효율 극대화를 위해 reforming 공정에서 생성되는 합성가스 내 H2/CO의 비를 2로 수렴토록 모사조건을 설정하였으며, 상기 조건을 만족하는 reforming 공정들의 운전 온도 및 feed 조성을 분석하고 비교하고자 한다. 현재 GTL 플랜트관련 산업계에 적용 혹은 주 연구대상인 reforming 공정으로는 ATR, SCR, POx 공정이 있다. ATR 공정은 850{sim}1100?C에서 메탄, 스팀 및 산소를 원료로 활용하여 H2 및 CO를 생산하는 공정으로 발열/흡열 반응이 상존하여 에너지 비용이 낮지만 공정구조 상 열회수설비 및 ASU(Air Separation Unit)이 필요하기에 CAPEX(초기설비 설치비용)가 높은 편이다. SCR공정은 CH4, Steam 및 co₂를 연료로 하기에 이산화탄소가 일정부분 포함된 가스전에도 적용이 가능하나 공정 운전 중 지속적으로 외부에서 열을 공급해야 하기에 에너지 투입비용이 높은편이며, 탄소침적의 문제가 있어 대용량 플랜트에는 적합하지 않다. POx공정은 약 1,500?C의 고온에서 CH4가 O2에 의해 부분 산화되는 방식으로 촉매가 필요없어 설비비가 타 공정에 비해 저렴하나 생산가스의 H2/CO비가 다소 낮아 전체적인 GTL 공정효율이 저하되는 단점이 있다. 상기 세 공정은 GTL 산업계에서 실증 및 효율증대를 위해 주로 연구되는 공정이기에 본 연구의 분석대상으로 설정하였다. 본 연구에서는 상용공정모사기인 Aspen Plus를 활용하여 reforming 공정별로 FT합성공정의 최적 조건(H2/CO=2)을 만족하는 합성가스 생산조건 분석 및 비교를 수행할 예정이다. 운전조건인 공정 운전온도 및 feed 가스조성 등을 모사하기 위해 합성가스 reforming 공정을 모델링하고 공급유량 및 압력 등의 운전변수는 GTL국책과제 1단계 연구수행 결과를 토대로 선정하고자 한다. GTL공정의 경우, 설비의 운전조건이나 연료가스의 구성 및 유량에 따라 적합한 reforming 공정이 다르기에 본 시뮬레이션 결과를 향후 GTL 플랜트 공정모델 설계시 reforming 공정선정에 참고자료로 활용하고자 한다.

고압 커먼레일 직분식 디젤 엔진에서 GTL 연료의 연소 특성에 관한 연구

이용규(Yonggyu Lee),김혜민(Hyemin Kim),최교남(Kyonam Choi),정동수(Dongsoo Jeong),김병준(Byoungjun Kim),차경옥(Kyungok Cha) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The GTL(Gas to liquid) is one of the most favored candidates for alternative fuel in diesel engines. Due to its higher cetane number(more than 75) and almost negligible contents of sulphur and aromatic compounds, enhanced emission characteristics are expected even in the application in diesel engines without any modification. In this study, in-cylinder pressures are analyzed to investigated the combustion and emission characteristics in the single cylinder CRDi(Common rail Direct injection) diesel engines. The ignition delay decreased due to higher cetane number of GTL which results in lower maximum heat release rate during premixed combustion period and lower NOx emissions. THC and CO emissions are also decreased. In multi-cylinder engines, various blending of Diesel and GTL(30%, 50% in volume) are also tested without any modification of enigne controll system to check the applicability of GTL fuel in commercial diesel engines. Noticeable reduction in soot, THC and CO emission are observed without the loss of engine power with equivalent emission characteristic of NOx.

GTL/바이오디젤 혼합 연료의 연소 및 배기배출물 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

문건필(Gunfeel Moon),이용규(Yonggyu Lee),최교남(Kyonam Choi),정동수(Dongsoo Jeong) 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.17 No.5

An experimental research with 2.0 liter 4-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine was carried out to investigate the combustion and emission characteristics for various alternative fuels. The conventional diesel fuel, neat GTL, blends of 80% of GTL and 20% of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil are utilized without any modification of engine hardware and ECU data. For GTL and blends of GTL/biodiesel fuel, the ignition delay decreased at the same operating conditions, and overall combustion duration increased slightly. Also, the peak cylinder pressure increased for blends of GTL/biodiesel compared to diesel and GTL fuel. THC and CO emissions with blends of GTL/biodiesel compared to other fuels decreased for the low and middle load conditions. But NOx emission increased due to oxygen content in biodiesel. The number concentrations of PM are higher for blends of GTL/biodiesel than other test fuels in the nucleation mode, while it had an opposite tendency in the accumulation mode, which implies more reduction of PM for blends of GTL/biodiesel on the base of mass concentration.

INSTANTANEOUS 2-D VISUALIZATION OF SPRAY COMBUSTION AND FLAME LUMINOSITY OF GTL AND GTL-BIODIESEL FUEL BLEND UNDER QUIESCENT AMBIENT CONDITIONS

Azimov, U.B.,Kim, K.S.,Jeong, D.S.,Lee, Y.G. 한국자동차공학회 2011 International journal of automotive technology Vol.12 No.2

An experimental study has been performed on spray combustion and two-dimensional soot concentration in diesel (ULSD), GTL and GTL-biodiesel fuel jets under high-pressure, high-temperature quiescent conditions. Instantaneous images of the fuel jets were obtained with a high-speed camera. It was confirmed that by blending GTL with 20% rapeseed biodiesel, certain fuel properties such as kinematic viscosity, density, surface tension, volatility, lower heating value and others may be designed and improved to be more like those of conventional diesel fuel but with considerable decrease in the amount of sulfur, PAH, cold filter plugging point, etc. The results showed that the spray tip penetration increased and the spray cone angle decreased when 20% biodiesel fuel was added to GTL fuel. Autoignition of the GTL-biodiesel blend occurred slightly earlier than that of diesel fuel. Experiments under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions showed that higher injection pressure induced a lower soot formation rate. The integrated flame luminosity, which serves as an indicator of soot concentration in the fuel jet, was slightly higher for the GTL-biodiesel blend than for pure GTL fuel due to the slightly higher sulfur content of pure biodiesel fuel.

코먼레일 單汽筒 디젤엔진에서 GTL 熱料의 噴射時期 變化에 따른 排出物 特性에 關한 硏究

金秉儁,崔源鶴,柳鍾植,李海喆,車京玉 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2008 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.27 No.-

Recently, alternative fuels are drawing more attentions due to the increasing need for lower emission characteristics and fuel consumption rate in automotive engines. The GTL(gas to luquid) is the one of most favored candidates. It has higher cetane number(more than 75) and almost negligible sulphur and aromatic contents. Therefore, enhanced emission characteristics are expected even in the application in diesel engines without any modification. In this study, the cylinder pressure and heat release, emission characteristics with fuel injection timings are compared between diesel and GTL fuel in the single cylinder diesel engine. Noticeable reduction in PM, THC and CO emission are observed due to lower sulphur and aromatic contents in GTL. Also, the ignition delay decreased due to higher cetane number of GTL , which slightly decreased the amount of NOx emissions. With the retards of main injection timing. NOx decreases more for the case of GTL, while the level of THC and CO emissions still remains lower than the case of diesel. Therefore, there is much room for the control of injection timiing for NOx reduction without sacrificing THC and CO emissions. With the retards of main injection timing, Small size distribution of PM became lager and there amount increased. But from all conditions, size distribution of PM for the case GTL was lower than Diesel.

直接噴射式 디젤엔진에서 GTL熱料의 EGR率變化에 따른 排出物 特性에 關한 硏究

金秉儁,崔源鶴,柳鍾植,李海喆,車京玉 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2008 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.27 No.-

Recently, altenative fuels are drawing more attentions due to the increasing need for lower emission characteristics and fuel consumption rate in automotive engines. The GTL(gas to luquid) is the one of most favored candidates. It has higher cetane number(more than 75) and almost negligible sulphur and aromatic contents. Therefore, enhanced emission characteristics are expected even in the application in diesel engines without any modification. In this study, the cylinder pressure and heat release, emission characteristics with fuel injection timings are compared between diesel and GTL fuel in the single cylinder diesel engine. Noticeable reduction in PM, THC and CO emission are observed due to lower sulphur and aromatic contents in GTL. Also, the ignition delay decreased due to higher cetane number of GTL , which slightly decreased the amount of NOx emissions. EGR is considered as a most efficient method to reduce the NOx emission. With EGR rates, NOx decreases more for the case of GTL, while the level of THC and CO emissions still remains lower than the case of diesel. With EGR rates, Small size distribution of PM became lager and there amount increased. Bul from all conditions, size distribution of PM for the case GTL was lower than Diesel.

연료분무 및 연소 1 : 바이오디젤-GTL혼합연료의 분무특성에 관한 연구

최기봉 ( Ki Bong Choi ),이창식 ( Chang Sik Lee ) 한국액체미립화학회 2012 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.-

This paper describes to analyze the injection rate and macroscopic behavior characteristics of GTL-biodiesel blended fuels at different mixing ratio. In this study, the injection rate according to injection pressures were measured at various energizing duration of the solenoid injector. Futhermore, the spray microscopic characteristics such as spray tip penetration and spray cone angle were measured by using the visualization system composed of high speed camera and high pressure condition chamber. This experimental results show that the spray penetration of GTL and biodiesel blended fuels were longer than that of a neat GTL fuel at low injection pressure. However, the difference of spray tip penetration was reduced at the high injection pressure. Injection duration is shortened caused by the change of material properties at the same injection quantity condition.

커먼레일 단기통 엔진에서 GTL 연료의 분사시기 변화에 따른 배출물 특성

김병준(Byoungjun Kim),이용규(Yonggyu Lee),최교남(Kyonam Choi),정동수(Dongsoo Jeong),차경옥(Kyungok Cha) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.16 No.1

Recently, alternative fuels are drawing more attentions due to the increasing need for lower emission characteristics and fuel consumption rate in automotive engines. The GTL(gas to luquid) is the one of most favored candidates. It has higher cetane number(more than 75) and almost negligible sulphur and aromatic contents. Therefore, enhanced emission characteristics are expected even in the application in diesel engines without any modification. In this study, the cylinder pressure and heat release, emission characteristics with fuel injection timings are compared between diesel and GTL fuel in the single cylinder diesel engine. Noticeable reduction in PM, THC and CO emission are observed due to lower sulphur and aromatic contents in GTL. Also, the ignition delay decreased due to higher cetane number of GTL , which slightly decreased the amount of NOx emissions. With the retards of main injection timing, NOx decreases more for the case of GTL, while the level of THC and CO emissions still remains lower than the case of diesel. Therefore, there is much room for the control of injection timing for NOx reduction without sacrificing THC and CO emissions. With the retards of main injection timing, Small size distribution of PM became lager and there amount increased. But from all conditions, size distribution of PM for the case GTL was lower than Diesel.

GTL연료의 배출가스 특성 연구

곽순철(Soonchul Gwoak),서충열(Chungyul Seo),강대일(Daeil Kang),박정민(Jungmin Park),임윤성(Yoonsung Yim),황춘식(Chunsik Hwang),엄명도(Myoungdo Eom),김종춘(Jongchoon Kim),이영재(Youngjae Lee),표영덕(Youngdug Pyo),정충섭(Choongsub Jung 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.15 No.6

GTL(Gas-to-Liquids) fuel technology was converted from the natural gas, coal and biomass into the diesel or kerosene by Fisher-Tropsch synthesis. GTL fuel have very good merits on high cetane number, low density, free sulfur, lower aromatics contents and no poly-aromatic hydrocarbons as well as the autoignition characteristics. These physical properties make it valuable as a diesel fuel with lower emissions than the conventional diesel fuel. Furthermore, GTL fuel can be use not to the engine any modification. Therefore, to evaluate emissions of GTL fuel, the tested diesel vehicles were fueled on blends of GTL fuel/ultra low sulfur diesel fuel(ULSD). And then, we found out that GTL fuel reduced regulated emissions(CO, NOx, HC, PM) compare with conventional diesel fuel.