유기폐자원을 이용한 고도하수처리 대체탄소원 개발 및 실플랜트 적용

정인철,김호영,강동효,정종순,이상원,임근택,김창원 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.10

The purpose of this research was evaluated economical effect to apply alternative external carbon source. Conventional activated sludge process in municipal wastewater treatment plant was adapted and introduced to Biological nutrient removal processes to meet the newly enforced effluent quality standard for nutrient removal in Korea. Low COD/NH₄^(+)-N ratio and higher nutrient concentration of influent characteristics force to inject external carbon source for denitrifying recycled nitrate. In the most case, methanol was used as external carbon source. But Methanol is expensive and very dangerous in handling. So we could find cheaper and safer external carbon source substituted methanol in last study. This alternative external carbon source is named RCS(recoverd carbon source) and a by-product of fine chemical product at chemical plant. When RCS was applied real municipal wastewater treatment plant, average 55~65% of T-N removal efficiency, 8.8mg/l of effluent T-N concentration, 11.3mg/l of effleunt COD concentration were obtained without effluent COD increase as against used methanol. To apply RCS in municipal wastewater treatment plant obtain approximately 74.5% expenditure cost reduction in comparison with methanol dosage cost.

유기성 폐자원을 이용한 외부탄소원 적용시 질소제거 특성 변화에 관한 연구

오현일,정진도,조경환 (사)한국열환경공학회 2022 열환경공학 Vol.17 No.1

Waste water emitted from industrial facilities is increasing in relative inorganic content along with a decrease in the amount of organic matter every year, making it difficult to remove nutrients caused by high concentrations of organic matter in the early stages of wastewater treatment. In the wastewater treatment process, the denitrification process for nitrogen removal requires organic carbon as an electronic donor, so the addition of external carbon sources is necessary, but there is a concern of increased cost, obstruction of nitrification of residual organic carbon sources. The external carbon sources used for denitrification can include methanol, ethanol, and wastewater, which have been studied in various ways. However, failure to properly use these sources of external carbon can lead to a decrease in denitrification efficiency, which can lead to increased COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand), resulting in deterioration of water quality as well as a decrease in nitric oxide efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the nitrogen removal characteristics of wastewater when applying wastewater, methanol, and antibiotic-announced wastewater used as an external carbon source. This study was conducted in a biological diffuse reaction tank, and the KNO3 reagent was injected to 1.4 mg/L within the reaction tank to see the denitrification efficiency, and methanol, A negative wastewater, B negative waste water, and antibiotic fermented waste were injected in the same amount. Methanol, primary treated water, and antibiotic fermented waste reduced the total solids concentration of sludge in bioreactors by 5.2%, 17.4% and 3.4%, respectively, but the total solids concentration of A food wastewater and H food wastewater was increased by 9.1% and 8.3%, respectively. In addition, the concentration of T-N(Total Nitrogen) in bio-reactor treated water decreased by 15.6% and 0.97% and 0.85%, respectively, when methanol, primary treatment water and antibiotic fermented waste liquid were injected, but T-N in A food wastewater and H food wastewater negative waste water increased by 6.7% and 2.9%, respectively. The concentration of NO3 --N in methanol, primary treated water, antibiotic fermented waste solution, A negative wastewater, and H negative wastewater was reduced by 56.4%, 9.95%, 0.85%, 11.8% and 18.3%, respectively. If organic waste resources are applied as external carbon sources in the wastewater treatment process, it is possible to supply insufficient carbon sources during the denitrification process, but the nitrogen concentration of organic waste resources can rather increase the concentration of T-N. Further research on the possibility of decomposition of nitrogen sources contained in drinking water and antibiotic fermented waste liquid in the wastewater treatment process will be conducted through continuous experiments by type of organic waste resources.

메셀로스폐액의 주입율에 따른 2단탈질공정의 질소 제거

정창화,심유섭,김성준,박철휘 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.6

The purpose of this study was to develop a solution to reduce the cost of methanol as external carbon source. The raw water of J-S.T.P. contains low concentration of readily biodegradable organics and high concentration of nitrogen due to the influents of industrial wastewater and leachate. Consequently, the influent C/N ratio is very low, and thus the supplemental addition of methanol is required to provide external carbon source for denitrification. Pilot plant experiments composed 2-stage denitrification process were performed to examine the effects and performances of the selected carbon source and the operation conditions for applications in practice. When the same amount of denitrifying substrates based on denitrification rate of methanol were injected, the effluent T-N concentration of using mecellulose wastewater was similar to that of methanol. Comparing the influent concentration of carbon source and the denitrification rate, it was shown that the denitrifying potential of mecellulose wastewater was 60% and injecting 1/3 of carbon source into the preanoxic tank was appropriate to ensure the stabilized effluent water quality. The COD,, requirement of mecellulose wastewater per nitrogen removed was 1.4 times of the required amount for methanol, and the settlability of sludge treated with mecellulose wastewater improved about 29%, which confirmed its potential as effective external carbon source.

음식물쓰레기 세정산발효액을 외부탄소원으로 주입한 SBR 공정에서 질소 및 인 제거

권구호 ( Koo Ho Kwon ),김시원 ( Si Won Lee ),이민재 ( Min Jae Lee ),민경석 ( Kyung Sok Min ),( Kyung Sok Min ) 한국물환경학회 2006 한국물환경학회지 Vol.22 No.3

An improvement of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in SBR using the elutriated acids from the food waste as an external carbon source was investigated in this study. The food waste was elutriated at 35℃ and pH 9 to produce the external carbon source. The elutriate of food waste were continuously collected. The elutriated liquid contained VFAs of 39,180 ㎎/L representing soluble COD of 44,700 ㎎/L. The SBR showed poor denitrification and EBPR (enhanced biological phosphorus removal) without elutriated VFAs addition. An average denitrification rate was 0.4 ㎎ NOx-N/g MLVSS/day. In turn, EBPR was also inhibited by this poor denitrification because the remaining nitrate in anaerobic phase resulting a poor denitrification. On the other hand, the denitrification in anoxic phase significantly improved with an elutriated VFAs addition. Nitrate removal was 82% while the denitrification rate was 2.9 ㎎ NOx-N/g MLVSS/day with 18.4 mL/cycle of elutriated VFAs. With the enhanced denitrification, nitrate concentration in anaerobic phase could effectively be controlled to a very low level. The elimination of nitrate inhibition in anaerobic phase resulted enhancement of EBPR. The specific phosphate release rate was 1.9㎎ PO4(3-)-P/g MLVSS/day with less than 0.5 ㎎/L of PO4(3-)-P concentration.

Two kinds of behavior of fruit peel coagulant in treating low carbon source wastewaters

Ying Fu,Qinghe Yue,Shuyuan Luo,Xi Tian,Jiewen Zheng,Yanting Yang 대한환경공학회 2023 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.28 No.4

Based on present serious phenomenon of insufficient carbon source in municipal sewage in China, the two kinds of effect of hybrid-fruit-peel (HFP) coagulant (coagulation and external carbon source (ECS)) on treating low carbon source wastewater was studied, mainly compared with that of sodium acetate (NaAc). The feasibility of HFP as an ECS was researched, and then its coagulation behavior, sludge properties, nitrogen removal were studied mainly with aeration mode and sequencing batch reactor (SBR), respectively. The results showed the ration of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) to chemical oxygen demand (COD) released from HFP was 0.67−0.76, within the scope of easily biodegradable. Within a short aeration time, HFP posed obvious coagulation behavior. HFP sludge gave larger extracellular polymer (EPS) and lower dehydrogenase activity (DHA) than NaAc. For HFP, much larger size sludge flocs appeared, the connection among the flocs became closer, and the biofacies and number of microorganisms (Opercularia Coaractata, Nematode, Vorticella, etc.) increased significantly. HFP can be used as an excellent ECS for low carbon source wastewater, and probably also have the ability of slow-releasing carbon, and can be applied to municipal sewage or other wastewaters with insufficient carbon source.

음식물류폐기물의 건식사료화 공정에서 발생되는 응축수로부터 유기탄소 추출

김민경(Min-Kyung Kim),권기욱(Ki-Wook Kwon),모경(Kyung Mo),최봉호(Feng-Hao Cui),박세용(Se-Yong Park),김문일(Moon-Il Kim) 유기성자원학회 2020 유기물자원화 Vol.28 No.2

본 연구에서는 음식물류폐기물 건조공정에서 발생하는 응축수에 포함된 유기탄소를 추출하여 외부탄소원으로서 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 응축수의 성상은 COD, TN, TP 및 TS는 각각 21,374 (±3,238.3) mg/L, 148 (±32.6) mg/L, 4.19 (±1.5) mg/L, 455.7 (±0.015) mg/L로 나타났으며, 응축수에 포함된 생분해성 유기물의 함량은 47%였다. 응축수에 포함된 유기탄소 추출을 위하여 증발 농축 및 감압 증발 농축의 방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 총 8가지 조건에서 수행 되었으나, 4가지 조건 (1. 상압 (0mmHg), 110℃ 2. 감압 (-600mmHg), 70℃ 3. 감압 (-500mmHg), 80℃ 4. 감압(-600mmHg), 80℃)에서 추출이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 추출 결과, 추출된 4가지 조건 모두에서 유입 부피의 약 10% 추출하였을 때, 추출물의 유기물 농도가 가장 높고 추출 시간 대비 추출된 유기물의 양이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 응축수에 포함된 유기탄소의 추출 최적 조건은 감압 (-600mmHg), 80℃로 판단하였으며, 유입 부피의 10% 추출이 적합한 것으로 평가하였다. 이때, 추출 농도, 추출량, 추출 효율, 추출시간, BOD/TCOD, TVFAs/TCOD의 비율 및 NH3-N의 값은 각각 174,200 mg/L, 8,710 mg, 46%, 10분, 0.97, 0.74, 75.5 mg/L로 나타났다. 따라서, 추출된 유기탄소는 외부탄소원으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. In this study, organic carbon was extracted from the condensed water of food waste drying process to estimate the applicability as external organic carbon sources. The COD, TN, TP and TS of condensed water were 21,374 mg/L, 148 mg/L, 4.19 mg/L, and 455.7 mg/L, respectively. In addition, the content of biodegradable organics in condensed water was 47%. The fractional distillation and the vacuum evaporation were employed for extracting organic carbon. There were 8 extraction conditions, but 4 conditions were available for extraction. They were 1) 0mmHg, 110℃ 2) -600mmHg, 70℃ 3) -500mmHg, 80℃ 4) -600mmHg, 80℃. All 4 conditions showed the highest organic concentration and the highest quantity of organics when extracted 10% of initial volume. It was estimated that optimum conditions were 80℃, -600mmHg and 10% extraction. Then, extraction concentration, extraction quantity, extraction efficiency, extraction time, BOD/TCOD ratio, TVFAs/TCOD ratio and NH3-N were 174,200 mg/L, 8,710 mg, 46%, 10 min, 0.97, 0.74 and 75.5 mg/L respectively. Therefore, the extracted organic carbon can be utilized as external organic carbon sources.

혼합 산업폐수의 질소제거를 위한 외부 탄소원 투입과 물질수지: 실증실험

이몽학 ( Mong Hak Lee ),안조환 ( Jo Hwan Ahn ),이정훈 ( Jung Hun Lee ),배우근 ( Woo Keun Bae ),심호재 ( Ho Jae Shim ) 한국물환경학회 2012 한국물환경학회지 Vol.28 No.5

The feasibility of enhancing biological nutrient removal from an industrial wastewater was tested with food waste leachate and sugar liquid waste as external carbon sources. Long term influences of adding external carbon sources were investigated to see how the biological nutrient removal process worked in terms of the removal efficiency. The addition of the external carbons led to a significant improvement in the removal efficiency of nutrients: from 49% to approximately 76% for nitrogen and from 64% to around 80% for phosphorus. Approximately, 20% of the removal nitrogen was synthesized into biomass, while the remaining 80% was denitrified. Though the addition of external carbon sources improved nutrient removal, it also increased the waste sludge production substantially. The optimal observed BOD/TN ratio, based on nitrogen removal and sludge production, was around 4.0 in this study.

Use of food waste-recycling wastewater as an alternative carbon source for denitrification process: A full-scale study

Kim, Eunji,Shin, Seung Gu,Jannat, Md Abu Hanifa,Tongco, Jovale Vincent,Hwang, Seokhwan Elsevier 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.245 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Using organic wastes as an alternative to commercial carbon sources could be beneficial by reducing costs and environmental impacts. In this study, food waste-recycling wastewater (FRW) was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for biological denitrification over a period of seven months in a full-scale sewage wastewater treatment plant. The denitrification performance was stable with a mean nitrate removal efficiency of 97.2%. Propionate was initially the most persistent volatile fatty acid, but was completely utilized after 19days. Eubacteriacea, Saprospiraceae, Rhodocyclaceae and Comamonadaceae were the major bacterial families during FRW treatment and were regarded as responsible for hydrolysis (former two) and nitrate removal (latter two) of FRW. These results demonstrate that FRW can be an effective external carbon source; process stabilization was linked to the acclimation and function of bacterial populations to the change of carbon source.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A full-scale WWTP fed with FRW as carbon source achieved desired nitrate removal. </LI> <LI> Propionate was the most persistent VFA initially but was fully utilized after 19days. </LI> <LI> Eubacteriacea and Saprospiraceae were potentially responsible for hydrolysis for FRW. </LI> <LI> Rhodocyclaceae and Comamonadaceae putatively played a role in the nitrate removal. </LI> </UL> </P>

MBR공정의 질소.인저감 효과 개선을 위한 영향인자분석

정훈섭 ( Hoon-sup Jung ),현길수 ( Kil-soo Hyun ) 한국수처리학회 2020 한국수처리학회지 Vol.28 No.4

This study aims to investigate the effects of carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus (C/N/P) ratio and recirculation on nutrient removal in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and anaerobic/aerobic(AN/O) processes coupled with MBR by using real facilities. Treatment capacities of a MBR and an AN/O-MBR are 5,000 m3/d and 15,000 m3/d, respectively. Influent characteristics of real wastewater used for this study are BOD <200 mg/L, COD <220 mg/L, T-N <65 mg/L, T-P <8 mg/L, and E-coli.< 100,000 No/mL. In reducing organics and nutrients, AN/O-MBR performance achieved higher efficiencies (5-40% higher) than those of MBR. In particular, the removal efficiencies of N and P by AN/O-MBR were about 0.2-0.4 times higher than those by MBR while both MBR and AN/O-MBR achieved high efficiencies ( >95%) in reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD). For AN/O-MBR in reducing total nitrogen (T-N), internal recirculation (IR) of 1.5-2.0Q achieved higher efficiencies (10-30% higher) than those of IR. In particular, the addition of methanol as carbon source into MBR process achieved higher efficiencies (20-25% higher) than that without methanol. For total phosphorus (T-P) removal, the addition of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as coagulant into the MBR process achieved higher efficiencies (30-80%) than that without PAC. For transmembrane pressure (TMP) build-up, the results reveal that the additions of methanol and PAC have effects in mitigating TMP build-up compared to MBR process without them.

음식물쓰레기 탈리액을 이용한 산업폐수의 생물학적 고도처리 실증실험

이병철 ( Byeong Cheol Lee ),안조환 ( Jo Hwan Ahn ),이정훈 ( Jung Hun Lee ),배우근 ( Woo Keun Bae ) 한국물환경학회 2011 한국물환경학회지 Vol.27 No.4

The feasibility of utilizing food waste leachate as an external carbon source was tested to enhance biological nutrient removal from an industrial wastewater with an average flow rate of 164,800 m3/d and a low carbon/nitrogen ratio of 2.8. A considerable improvement in the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus was observed when a certain amount of the leachate, ranging from 70 to 142 m3/d, was supplemented to the biological industrial wastewater treatment process. The addition of the leachate led to an increase in the BOD/N ratio (4.5) and the removal efficiency of nutritents from 29.7% to 71.7% for nitrogen and from 34.8% to 65.6% for phosphorus. However, an excessive dose of the leachate that significantly exceeded 120 m3/d caused serious operational problems, like oil-layer formation in the grit chamber and scum layer in the primary clarifier. Thus, an supplement of food waste leachate at a dose acceptable to an existing facilities can be a practical and effective means to enhance the nutrient removal from industrial wastewater and to dispose of the food waste leachate.