Industrial Restructuring for the Sustainable City in the Era of Globalization

Park, Sam Ock Seoul City University 1996 SEOUL metropolitan FORA 96 Vol.1996 No.-

City is the place of industrial restructuring for maintaining or remaking competitive advantages. Formerly, internal and external economies of scale were regarded as major factors for the industrial growth and the economic development of the city. The sustain ability of the city is, however, considered as a critical issue for the development of modern city in the era of globalization. Environment, networks, embeddedness, and changes in production systems are significantly considered for the sustainable industrial development in the city.

URBAN EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE BY REGION AND INDUSTRAY IN SEOUL

Choi, Geun Hee Seoul City University 1996 SEOUL metropolitan FORA 96 Vol.1996 No.-

One of the largest changes which Seoul has experienced during it's 600 year history, is the rapid industrialization as well as the urbanization which started in the early 1960s. This industrialization caused urban sprawl and significantly changed the spatial structure of employment and population in Seoul. Drastic urban development of Seoul could be an rare event in world of urban history. Seoul has been an unchanged monopolistic city since being located at the present place 600 years ago. This rapid industrialization caused massive immigration into Seoul from the rural area along with the urban area. Urban development along with industrialization virtually changed the urban structure. Making Seoul the world class mega-city it is today.

Disadvantaged People : A Trigger for Change and City Governance

Domicelj, Serge Seoul City University 1996 SEOUL metropolitan FORA 96 Vol.1996 No.-

Canvassing the desirability of a paradigm shift for cities is both timely and complex, in view in view of the scale and nature of forces at work and the breadth of human needs which cities are expected to satisfy. In turn, the condition of post-modern urbanism and the dynamic state of civil societies warrant critical examination. This is because there appear to be no obvious models at hand which justify universal recognition. The sectional brief for this paper raises the issues of agglomeration, of citizens and civil society, decries urban alienation and searches for mechanisms which could condition a worthier everyday life in cities. This is a rescue agenda for city populations, who still man the urban economy but who, besides urgently needing social satisfaction have the potential to re-direct and sustain overall development polic.

Place and Non-Place : Low Modern vs. Post-Modern in the Making of Contemporary Cities

Delissen, Alain Seoul City University 1996 SEOUL metropolitan FORA 96 Vol.1996 No.-

He would switch off the TV set after having received announcements concerning Seoul's coming world soccer cup. From Paris, he would then jump to the Net, intending to plan his trip there. He would travel, link after link, through colorful images: debarking in Inch'on he would take a boat bound for Chamsil stadium seeing nothing on both banks of the river save for endless urban landscapes, jammed express ways and uniform bars of high rise buildings. Feeling this scene could be viewed in any other giant city of the world he would decide to make a stop at a breakthrough in the wall and visit Youido. Lost and bewildered, single in the mass of people roaming the gigantic plaza that was dwarfing him, he would turn on his sweet TV again...

Urban Design Today and Tomorrow

Trieb, Michael Seoul City University 1996 SEOUL metropolitan FORA 96 Vol.1996 No.-

In a time of man's growing responsibility for the entire world we also need to take the complete responsibility for our cities. The reasons for this are not only global urban problems such as urban chaos, discontinuity of architecture, loss of city identity of metropolitan ungovernability, but also the fact that cities are man-made microcosms. Taking the whole responsibility for cities means to Urban Design, to gather today's theoretical research results and practical experiences, in order to confront them with the present urban problems and to develop objectives, instruments and strategies for responsible urban design policies in our cities. Recent research work40 in urban design does not only demonstrate how much scientific knowledge exists nowadays in the field of urban design, but also shows the missing links and scientific gaps. Although we know a lot about city identity, elements of city architecture and socio-psychological patterns of environment, there are still vast empty areas in the map of scientific knowledge, concerning for example the development of design visions or the relation between urban form and social behaviours. On the other hand, by analysing recent work in Urban Design practice, we realize the importance of the gap between theory and practice in today's urban design. City planning and urban design plans rarely develop concrete visions of the city's future, they hardly ever develop a conscious sequence-although space sequences are the daily-life form for citizens in order to experience the city-and they hesitate to adopt strong urban design policies.

CITIES IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

Sassen, Saskia Seoul City University 1996 SEOUL metropolitan FORA 96 Vol.1996 No.-

The dispersal capacities emerging with globalization and telematics--the off--shoring of factories, the expansion of global networks of affiliates and subsidiaries, the move of backoffices to suburbs and out of central cities-- led many observers to assert that cities would become obsolete in an economic context of globalization and telematics. Indeed, many of the once great industrial centers in the highly developed countries did suffer severe decline. But, against all predictions, a significant number of major cities also saw their concentration of economic power rise.

CIVILIZATION, CRITICAL GLOBAL ISSUES AND HUMANISTIC GLOBALIZATION : A FRAMEWORK FOR URBAN ARTS AND SCIENCES

Lim, Gill-Chin Seoul City University 1996 SEOUL metropolitan FORA 96 Vol.1996 No.-

In this paper, I develop philosophical and methodological guidelines for urban arts and sciences for the future in a broad context of civilization First, I review the three revolutions in human history which have shaped the main features of civilization and urban settlements. Agricultural revolution allowed humans to develop the initial stage of urban agglomerations. Large scale cities began to emerge during industrial revolution. In the age of information revolution, there are forces which either facilitate of weaken urbanization. The three revolutions have brought not only benefits but also perils to human beings, giving birth to both thesis and anti-thesis to civilization and cities. As a result of three revolutions, at this last part of 21st century, humans face a number of critical global issues. Since urban problems are only a part of a larger set of critical global issues facing human beings, I propose a general framework to seek an approach for urban arts and sciences Humanistic Globalization. It is a value oriented guideline which emphasizes basic human value such as peace, justice, freedom, love, equality and affluence. Broadly, my proposal is based on a call for value revolution. Using the concept of Humanistic Globlization, I generate agenda for reform in education, research, practice, and culture. In addition, I describe STIDAM (Space Time Integrated Decision Analysis Model) as a methodological framework for urban arts and sciences. STIDAM combines the elements of Strategic Planning, Information Technology, geographic Information Systems and Humanistic Globalization. Finally, I end this paper with Canons for individuals which propose a guideline for everyday conducts to lead us to a truly civil society.

Rethinking Urban Land Policies : Throwing Off Some Shackles

Keare, Douglas H. Seoul City University 1996 SEOUL metropolitan FORA 96 Vol.1996 No.-

The paper presents a fresh, activist approach to dealing with the principal aspects of urban land use, which does not pretend to break any new ground, but attempts to organize existing knowledge in a more constructive way. It sees land use policies, together with transport policies, as critical to approaching optimal development and efficient functioning of large cities. central to the approach is understanding how values in land are created. this leads to an understanding of howgood land development can be created and how the gains from this development can be equitably distributer between the public and private sectors and among member of the latter.

Collaborative approaches to urban planning and their contribution to institutional capacity-building in urban regions

Healey, Patsy Seoul City University 1996 SEOUL metropolitan FORA 96 Vol.1996 No.-

This paper starts from the premise that the qualities of cities as 'places' are important in determining the futures of people, of economic activities and of environmental systems, and that the role of urban planning is to contribute to social processes of 'place-making'. Drawing on European experiences, it argues for a collaborative approach to such place-making activity. This contrasts with the traditional 'command and control' approach where urban planners took the lead in building and re-building the city. It also aims to overcome the limitations of more recent ideas drawing on new-liberal inspiration, which leave place-making largely to the market, and, if intervention is nceded at all, provide resources to particular players to overcome market constraints or barriers. The approach emphasises the importance of building new policy discourses about the qualities of places, developing collabration among stakeholders in policy development as well as delivery, widening stakeholder involvement beyond the traditional power elites, recognising different forms of local knowledge and building rich networks as a resource of institutional capital through which new initiatives can be taken rapidly and legitimately. Supported by an expanding theoretical literature in urban and regional analysis, planning theory, policy analysis and management theory, these ideas are also echoed in an increasing range of examples from emerging practices. This collaborative approach shifts the task of urban planning from 'building places' to fostering the institutional capacity in urban regions for ongoing 'place-making' activities within urban regions.

TRAINING FUTURE URBANISTS: THE INTEGRATION OF THEORY AND PRACTICE

Marans, Robert W. Seoul City University 1996 SEOUL metropolitan FORA 96 Vol.1996 No.-

This paper has presented an overview of outreach activities within the Urban and Regional Planning Program at the University of Michigan. These outreach activities as part of the training of future urbanists have expanded as a result forces from within the university, and from the external environment. Opportunities for problem- solving experiences have been fostered by new federal programs aimed at learning through community service. An example of an outreach project in Detroit involving students, city officials and community groups shows that within the problem-solving experience, theory and practice can be linked. Finally, I have shown that, although outreach activities have advantages to both planning students and the academy, they have limitations which need to be recognized and addressed.