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Lee, Kyung,Lee, Seungsin Sage Science Press 2015 Textile Research Journal Vol. No.
<P>The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of ZnO/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibrous membranes by <I>in vitro</I> trials and to investigate the effectiveness and sustainability in the reduction of bacteria by conducting wear trials in real-use situations. Layered fabric systems with a very thin layer of a ZnO/PVA nanofibrous membrane layered onto polypropylene nonwoven substrates were developed and applied to shoe insoles. Eight healthy males participated in seven different wear trials in which they played a basketball game for 2 hours wearing the prototype. In the <I>in vitro</I> testing, ZnO/PVA nanofibrous membranes obtained from an 11 wt% PVA solution containing 3 wt% ZnO nanoparticles with a web area density of 3.0 g/m<SUP>2</SUP> exhibited a 99.9% reduction of <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>. In the wear trials, the shoe insoles with ZnO/PVA nanofibrous membranes obtained from the same concentration solution at a web area density of 6.0 g/m<SUP>2</SUP> showed 80.9%, 84.8%, and 82.8% reductions of <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> after 8, 15, and 22 days of use, respectively. In addition, another set of shoe insoles was kept at a constant temperature and humidity level after the third wear trial and resulted in 66.0% and 86.6% reductions of <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> after 15 and 22 days, respectively. Although the wear trial results showed lower antimicrobial properties compared to the <I>in vitro</I> trials, our findings indicate that the shoe insoles showed a consistent and reasonable level of antimicrobial activity over a period of time. This suggests that ZnO/PVA nanofibrous membranes with an antimicrobial function, which are ultrathin, flexible, and highly porous, have potential for use in sports/outdoor textiles.</P>
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Hwang, Jong Pil,Kim, Sungmin,Park, Chang Kyu Sage Science Press 2015 Textile Research Journal Vol. No.
<P>A color matching algorithm has been developed to solve the color mismatch problems encountered during the digital transfer textile printing process. To match the colors between display and fabric, standard red, blue, green (sRGB) and International Commission on Illumination (CIE) color systems were used. For an affordable color matching process, sRGB values of printed fabric were extracted by a general flatbed scanner instead of an expensive spectrophotometer. Extracted sRGB values and originally intended target sRGB values were used as input and output values to form artificial neural networks and multiple regression equations to establish the relationship between those values. To verify the color matching algorithm, a total of 100 random color samples were printed, scanned, and analyzed. Both methods showed good correlations between input and output color values, which implied that the color matching algorithm developed in this study improved the color correspondence between the original design and its printed results.</P>
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Wireless piezoelectric strain sensing measurement using a frequency modulation technique
Yoon, Hwan-Sik,Kim, Se-hun,Kim, Min-Hyuck,Jung, Dongsoo,Kim, Joo-Hyung,Kim, Hyeon-Ju,Lee, Ho-Saeng Sage Science Press (UK) 2015 Journal of intelligent material systems and struct Vol. No.
<P>A simple wireless strain sensor using a frequency modulation technique is presented. The sensor employs a piezoelectric transducer that produces electric voltage as it is mechanically strained. When the piezoelectric sensor is connected to a single-transistor frequency modulation circuit, the sensor output voltage causes the modulation circuit frequency to shift. This modulated signal is then wirelessly transmitted to a remote station, where a demodulation circuit retrieves the buried strain measurement data in real time. Using this technique, a dynamic strain measurement is possible without any wire connection between the sensing point and the monitoring station. In order to demonstrate the performance of the wireless strain sensor and the measurement system, a wireless measurement of a vibrating cantilevered beam is experimentally conducted. This type of sensor has numerous applications in the strain or vibration measurement of moving or rotating structures such as turbo machinery.</P>
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Wang, Pingfeng,Youn, Byeng D,Hu, Chao,Ha, Jong Moon,Jeon, Byungchul Sage Science Press (UK) 2015 Journal of intelligent material systems and struct Vol. No.
<P>Significant technological advances in sensing promote the use of large sensor networks to monitor engineered systems, identify damages, and quantify damage levels. Prognostics and health management technique has been developed and applied for a variety of safety-critical engineered systems, given the critical needs of system health state awareness. The prognostics and health management performance highly relies on real-time sensory signals that convey system health–relevant information. Designing an optimal sensor network with high detectability of system health state is thus of great importance to the prognostics and health management performance. This article proposes a generic sensor network design framework using a detectability measure while accounting for uncertainties in material properties and geometric tolerances. Our contributions in this article are threefold: (1) the definition of a detectability measure to quantify the diagnostic/prognostic performance of a given sensor network, (2) the development of detectability analysis based on physics-based simulation and health state classification, and (3) the formulation of a generic sensor network design optimization problem as a mixed integer nonlinear programming. We employ the genetic algorithms to solve the sensor network design optimization problem. The merit of the proposed methodology is demonstrated with a power transformer system, which suffers from core and winding joint loosening due to consistent vibration.</P>
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Antimicrobial activity of cotton fabric treated with extracts from the lotus plant
Oh, Kyung Wha,Na, Young Joo Sage Science Press 2014 Textile Research Journal Vol. No.
<P>This study evaluated the application of medicinal plants to fabric finishes and the functionality of the fabrics finished with ethanolic extracts of the lotus plant, such as lotus leaf, lotus pot and lotus seed. Treated cotton was dyed a light orange and yellow-green color using lotus pot and lotus leaf, respectively, and the color difference ([Formula]) of fabrics before/after treatment with extract solution of lotus leaf was a maximum of 36.4. When the processing concentration of extract solution and treatment temperature of cotton fabric were increased, the color and color ingredient uptake increased, but the optimal processing time was found to be 30 minutes. Regarding the dyeing properties, the fabrics treated with the lotus leaf extract showed the best color in terms of color intensity, whereas the antibacterial activity was highest in the case of fabric treated with lotus pot extract. Antibacterial activity was significant in the order of lotus pot > lotus leaf > lotus seed. The fabric treated with the lotus leaf extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity only when it was treated at high concentrations (>8%), whereas the fabric treated with the lotus pot extract showed significant antibacterial activity even when treated at low concentrations (4%) or low temperatures (40). Accordingly, ethanolic lotus pot extract is recommended as an environment-friendly antibacterial finishing.</P>
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Park, Chan Hee,Pant, Hem Raj,Kim, Cheol Sang Sage Science Press 2014 Textile Research Journal Vol. No.
<P>The development of a unique multi-nozzle electrospinning set-up and the study of the effect of an electric field on different types of spinneret are of major concern for broadening the industrial application of electrospinning. In the present paper we describe a novel robot-assisted angled multi-nozzle electrospinning set-up for the mass production of nanofibers and compare the computer simulation and the experimental results for the measurement of the electric field and fiber morphology. Three nozzle configurations, with a 90°, 100°, or 180° angle between the nozzles, and two operating conditions of the nozzle holder (fixed and movable), were studied to observe the electric field strength and its effect on fiber diameter. The results of the electrospinning experiments and electric field simulation demonstrated that the interference of the electric field was greatest with the 90° configuration and the nozzle holder held in a fixed position, whereas when the nozzle holder was movable it was greatest at 180°. The study was carried out using either two or eight nozzles, and the results showed that the electric field remained the same for a given configuration of the nozzle holder and the configuration angle, regardless of the number of nozzles. The study also showed that by controlling the movable nozzle holder and its angle the fiber diameter could be regulated without changing other material or processing parameters.</P>
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Lee, Kyulin,Cho, Gilsoo Sage Science Press 2014 Textile Research Journal Vol. No.
<P>The objectives of this study are to investigate how the variables of the water-repellent coating condition, concentration of polyurethane (PU) and curing temperature, set up by response surface methodology, affect vapor-permeable water resistance and fabric frictional sound. Also it aims to analyze the relationship between tensile properties and the sound pressure level (SPL) of the fabric and, finally, to suggest the optimum coating condition for minimizing the fabric frictional sound and maximizing the vapor-permeable water resistance. It was observed that the higher PU concentration increased the water resistance and SPL, but decreased WVT (water vapor transmission). It was shown that higher curing temperature, the other variable of the coating condition, increased the water resistance and SPL but decreased WVT. The relationship between tensile properties and SPL was analyzed and it was found that tensile stress at break (<I>R</I> <SUP>2 </SUP>= .716) and toughness (<I>R</I> <SUP>2 </SUP>= .717) were highly related to SPL; however, tensile strain at break (<I>R</I> <SUP>2 </SUP>= .508) was not. Finally, the optimum coating condition for minimizing fabric frictional sound and maximizing vapor-permeable water resistance was obtained at the PU concentration of 60% and the curing temperature of 149.7, and the predicted SPL and WVT were 72.27 dB and 8478.85 g/m<SUP>2</SUP> 24 h, respectively. The coefficients of determination (<I>R</I> <SUP>2</SUP>) were 0.82 and 0.85, respectively, which indicate that the model fit was highly significant (<I>p</I> < 0.05).</P>
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Yun, Changsang,Park, Chung Hee Sage Science Press 2015 Textile Research Journal Vol. No.
<P>Fabric movements in a front-loading washer were observed at various conditions with respect to the type of fabric, the number of sheets, the fabric size and the wash spin speed in order to examine their effect on washing efficiency. Fabric movements were categorized into sliding, falling and rotating, which were expected to be influenced by the balance among the centrifugal force, the frictional force and the gravitational force. With increasing the number of sheets, the fabric size and the wash spin speed, fabrics had a tendency to move a longer distance along the drum wall, and thus the most frequent movement shifted from sliding or falling to rotating. The fabric movement patterns during the washing process that were varied according to the washing conditions had a direct effect on washing efficiency. The complex movement pattern, which showed the movements of sliding, falling and rotating by turns during the washing process, exhibited higher washing efficiency than the single movement pattern that represented only sliding or rotating repeatedly.</P>
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Ahn, Cheunsoon,Zeng, Xia,Obendorf, S Kay Sage Science Press 2015 Textile Research Journal Vol. No.
<P>H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>/ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatment was proposed to simulate burial-induced degradation of natural dyes. The method was applied to the major pigments of <I>Phellodendron</I> bark, madder, and indigo plant, and their silk dyeings, and the degraded samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass selective detector (HPLC-DAD-MS). Retention times of the HPLC chromatogram, UV-visible λ<SUB>max</SUB> obtained from DAD analysis, and major ion detected by the MS analysis were used to identify berberine, palmatine, alizarin, purpurin, indigotin, and indirubin included in dye solution and the extraction from silk dyeing. Alizarin, purpurin, and indirubin were more susceptible to degradation by H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>/UV than berberine and palmatine. Indigotin was completely degraded with 5 minutes of treatment, producing isatin as the degradation product. Alizarin, purpurin, and indigotin were more resistant to degradation when they were affixed to the fibers.</P>
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