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Mahadik, D.B.,Lee, Y.K.,Chavan, N.K.,Mahadik, S.A.,Park, H.H. PRA Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 The Journal of supercritical fluids Vol.107 No.-
Aerogels have unusual mechanical and thermal properties and are useful in thermal insulation applications. However, aerogel production can be a tedious process if aerogels are made using supercritical extraction of a solvent from a sol-gel matrix. We employ a new rapid and simple supercritical extraction process that is better than conventional methods. This technique relies on rapid heating of the sol in a confined mold under a 50bar initial pressure supplied by dry N<SUB>2</SUB> gas in an autoclave. The initial pre-pressure of N<SUB>2</SUB> gas and base catalyst concentration dictate whether aerogels or xerogels are formed. A model is presented based on the various experimental results that predicts that gelation occurred after the solvent reached a supercritical state. Aerogels produced using this new rapid supercritical extraction process are monolithic, shrinkage-free, have a prescribed shape and size, and possess high surface area (~800m<SUP>2</SUP>/g) and low thermal conductivity (~0.035-0.041W/(mK)). The hydrophobicity as measured by water contact angle was enhanced from 119<SUP>o</SUP> to 158<SUP>o</SUP> using a hydrophobic co-precursor in the sol.
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Synthesis of indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles in supercritical methanol
Shong, B.,Shin, N.,Lee, Y.H.,Ahn, K.H.,Lee, Y.W. PRA Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 The Journal of supercritical fluids Vol.113 No.-
Indium oxide (In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) and indium tin oxide (ITO; Sn-doped In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) nanoparticles are synthesized via a solvothermal method using surfactant-free supercritical methanol. X-ray diffraction analysis of the products indicates that crystalline indium oxide is formed within 2min at temperatures as low as 250<SUP>o</SUP>C. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the particles are single crystals and have a cubic shape with an edge length of about 20nm. The crystallite size of the particles calculated from X-ray diffraction is consistent with the particle size. The electrical resistivity and lattice parameters of the synthesized ITO nanoparticles vary as a function of tin content.
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