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CRISPR-Cas9-mediated generation of obese and diabetic mouse models
Roh, Jae-il,Lee, Junghoon,Park, Seong Uk,Kang, Young-Shin,Lee, Jaehoon,Oh, Ah-Reum,Choi, Dong Joon,Cha, Ji-Young,Lee, Han-Woong KINOKUNIYA CO LTD 2018 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Vol.67 No.2
<P>Mouse models of obesity (<I>ob</I>/<I>ob</I>) and diabetes (<I>db</I>/<I>db</I>) in which the leptin (<I>Lep</I>) and leptin receptor (<I>Lepr</I>) genes have been mutated, respectively, have contributed to a better understanding of human obesity and type 2 diabetes and to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these metabolic diseases. In this study, we report the first CRISPR-Cas9-induced <I>Lep</I> and <I>Lepr</I> knockout (KO) mouse models by co-microinjection of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNAs that specifically targeted <I>Lep</I> or <I>Lepr</I> in C57BL/6J embryos. Our newly established <I>Lep</I> and <I>Lepr</I> KO mouse models showed phenotypic disorders nearly identical to those found in <I>ob</I>/<I>ob</I> and <I>db</I>/<I>db</I> mice, such as an increase in body weight, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis. Thus, Cas9-generated <I>Lep</I> and <I>Lepr</I> KO mouse lines will be easier for genotyping, to maintain the lines, and to use for future obesity and diabetes research.</P>
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Dose- and time-related effects of caffeine on the testis in immature male rats
Bae, Jaeman,Choi, Hyeonhae,Choi, Yuri,Roh, Jaesook KINOKUNIYA CO LTD 2017 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Vol.66 No.1
<P>We previously showed that prepubertal chronic caffeine exposure adversely affected the development of the testes in male rats. Here we investigated dose- and time-related effects of caffeine consumption on the testis throughout sexual maturation in prepubertal rats. A total of 80 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: controls and rats fed 20, 60, or 120 mg caffeine/kg/day, respectively, via gavage for 10, 20, 30, or 40 days. Preputial separation was monitored daily before the rats were sacrificed. Terminal blood samples were collected for hormone assay, and testes were grossly evaluated and weighed. One testis was processed for histological analysis, and the other was collected to isolate Leydig cells. Caffeine exposure significantly increased the relative weight of the testis in a dose-related manner after 30 days of exposure, whereas the absolute testis weight tended to decrease at the 120 mg dose of caffeine. The mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules and height of the germinal epithelium significantly decreased in the caffeine-fed groups after 40 days of caffeine exposure, which was accompanied by a reduced BrdU incorporation rate in germ cells. In addition, caffeine intake significantly reduced <I>in vivo</I> and <I>ex vivo</I> testosterone production in a dose-related manner. Our results demonstrate that caffeine exposure during sexual maturation alter the testicular microarchitecture and also slow germ cell proliferation even at the 20 mg dose level. Furthermore, caffeine may act directly on Leydig cells and interfere with testosterone production in a dose-related manner, consequently delaying onset of sexual maturation.</P>
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Upregulation of Galectin-3 by <i>Corynebacterium kutscheri</i> Infection in the Rat Lung
WON, Young-Suk,JEONG, Eui-Suk,PARK, Hyun-Ji,LEE, Chul-Ho,NAM, Ki-Hoan,KIM, Hyoung-Chin,PARK, Jong-Im,CHOI, Yang-Kyu KINOKUNIYA CO LTD 2007 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Vol.56 No.2
<P><I>Corynebacterium</I> (C) <I>kutscheri</I> and <I>Staphylococcus</I> aureus were isolated from two Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with a hemisected spinal cord. Grossly, gray-white bulging foci and abscesses were distributed throughout the parenchyma of the lung. Pathologically, severe necrotizing lobar pneumonia with abscesses and fibrinous pleuritis were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis found accumulation of galectin-3 in alveolar macrophages and the alveolar interstitial region. No other viral or bacterial pathogens were detected in these animals. In addition, similar pathogenic changes and accumulation of galectin-3 were observed in the lungs of SD rats experimentally infected with <I>C. kutscheri</I>. Using northern blot analysis, the relative galectin-3 and GAPDH mRNA levels were 4.6 to 9.3 times higher in <I>C. kutscheri</I>-infected lung than in uninfected controls. These results demonstrate that a single <I>C. kutscheri</I> infection can induce the upregulation of galectin-3 in the lung and that this molecule may have an important pathogenic role in <I>C. kutscheri</I> infections in rats.</P>
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Microbiological Contamination of Laboratory Mice and Rats in Korea from 1999 to 2003
WON, Young-Suk,JEONG, Eui-Suk,PARK, Hyun-Ji,LEE, Chul-Ho,NAM, Ki-Hoan,KIM, Hyoung-Chin,HYUN, Byung-Hwa,LEE, Sang-Koo,CHOI, Yang-Kyu KINOKUNIYA CO LTD 2006 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Vol.55 No.1
<P>To survey the microbiological contamination of laboratory mice and rats in Korea during a 5-year period, we monitored animals housed in mouse and rat facilities with either barrier or conventional systems. At barrier and conventional mouse facilities, the most important pathogen identified was mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), while <I>Mycoplasma pulmonis</I> was the most important pathogen at conventional rat facilities. Interestingly, hantavirus was recovered from both barrier and conventional mouse facilities. The most common protozoon identified was <I>Tritrichomonas muris</I> in mouse facilities and <I>Entamoeba muris</I> in rat facilities. In addition, we found that the microbiological contamination of mice and rats in conventional facilities was severe. These results suggest that conventional facilities should be renovated and monitored regularly to decrease microbiological contamination. We also propose that hantavirus should be monitored in Korea as an important mouse pathogen.</P>
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Ha, Kyoungbong,Shin, Haksup,Ju, Hyunwoo,Chung, Chan-Moon,Choi, Inho KINOKUNIYA CO LTD 2017 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Vol.66 No.2
<P>Ectothermic animals rely on behavioral thermoregulation due to low capacity of heat production and storage. Previously, lizards were shown to achieve ‘fever’ during microbial infection by increasing their preferred body temperature (PBT) behaviorally, thereby attaining a relatively high survival rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether domesticated lizards pursued ‘behavioral hypothermia’ induced by a hypometabolic agent 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM). We found that treatment with 8.0 mg/kg T1AM caused a lizard species, the leopard gecko (<I>Eublepharis macularius</I>), to decrease its ventilation and oxygen consumption rates 0.64- and 0.76-fold, respectively, compared to those of the control (<I>P</I><0.05). The lizards, habituated at an ambient temperature of 30 ± 0.5°C, also showed a significant decrease in the PBT range over a freely accessible thermal gradient between 5°C and 45°C. The upper limit of the PBT in the treated lizards lowered from 31.9°C to 30.6°C, and the lower limit from 29.5°C to 26.3°C (<I>P</I><0.001). These findings demonstrate that the treated lizards pursued behavioral hypothermia in conjunction with hypoventilation and hypometabolism. Because prior studies reported a similar hypometabolic response in T1AM-injected laboratory mice, the domesticated lizards, as a part of the vertebrate phylogeny, may be a useful laboratory model for biological and pharmacological researches such as drug potency test.</P>
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