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Microbiota Composition and Pulmonary Surfactant Protein Expression as Markers of Death by Drowning
Lee, S. Y.,Woo, S. K.,Lee, S. M.,Ha, E. J.,Lim, K. H.,Choi, K. H.,Roh, Y. H.,Eom, Y. B. Callaghan and Co 2017 Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol. No.
<P>Pathological diagnosis of drowning remains a challenge for forensic science, because of a lack of pathognomonic findings. We analyzed microbiota and surfactant protein in the lungs for a novel diagnosis of drowning. All rats were divided into drowning, postmortem submersion, and control groups. The water, lungs, closed organs (kidney and liver), and cardiac blood in rats were assayed by targeting 16S ribosomal RNA of Miseq sequencing. Lung samples were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for surfactant protein A. The closed organs and cardiac blood of drowned group have a lot of aquatic microbes, which have not been detected in postmortem submersion group. Furthermore, intra-alveolar granular staining of surfactant protein A (SP-A) was severely observed in the drowned group than the postmortem submersion and control groups. The findings suggested that the presence of aquatic microbiota in the closed organs and increased expression of SP-A could be markers for a diagnosis of drowning.</P>
Hwang, Hyeon-Shik,Choe, Seon-Yeong,Hwang, Ji-Sup,Moon, Da-Nal,Hou, Yanan,Lee, Won-Joon,Wilkinson, Caroline Callaghan and Co 2015 Journal of forensic sciences Vol.60 No.4
<P>The purpose of this study was to establish the reproducibility of facial soft tissue (ST) thickness measurements by comparing three different measurement methods applied at 32 landmarks on three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Two observers carried out the measurements of facial ST thickness of 20 adult subjects using CBCT scan data, and inter- and intra-observer reproducibilities were evaluated. The measurement method of 'perpendicular to bone' resulted in high inter- and intra-observer reproducibility at all 32 landmarks. In contrast, the 'perpendicular to skin' method and 'direct' method, which measures a distance between one point on bone and the other point on skin, presented low reproducibility. The results indicate that reproducibility could be increased by identifying the landmarks on hard tissue images, rather than on ST images, and the landmark description used in this study can be used in the establishment of reliable tissue depth data using CBCT images.</P>
Rapid direct PCR for ABO blood typing.
Lee, Hwan Young,Park, Myung Jin,Kim, Na Young,Yang, Woo Ick,Shin, Kyoung-Jin Callaghan and Co 2011 Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol.56 No.S1
<P>Many different molecular typing methods have been reported to complement routine serological ABO blood typing in forensics. However, these ABO genotyping methods are often time-consuming and call for an initial DNA isolation step that requires the use of expensive kits or reagents. We report here a rapid direct ABO genotyping method that eliminates the need for DNA extraction from fresh blood, hair, and body fluid stains before PCR. Using a fast PCR instrument and an optimized polymerase, the genotyping method-which employs a multiplex allele-specific primer set for the simultaneous detection of three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites (nucleotides 261, 526, and 803)-identifies A, B, O01/O02, O03, and cis-AB01 alleles in around 70 min from sample collection to electropherogram. Not only will this ABO genotyping method be efficiently used in forensic practice for rapid screening of samples before full-blown multilocus short tandem repeat profiling, but it will also demonstrate an example of rapid direct genotyping of SNPs that offers the advantages of time- and cost-efficiency, convenience, and reduced contamination during DNA analysis.</P>
Lee, Won-Joon,Wilkinson, Caroline M,Hwang, Hyeon-Shik,Lee, Sang-Mi Callaghan and Co 2015 Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol.60 No.3
<P>Accuracy is the most important factor supporting the reliability of forensic facial reconstruction (FFR) comparing to the corresponding actual face. A number of methods have been employed to evaluate objective accuracy of FFR. Recently, it has been attempted that the degree of resemblance between computer-generated FFR and actual face is measured by geometric surface comparison method. In this study, three FFRs were produced employing live adult Korean subjects and three-dimensional computerized modeling software. The deviations of the facial surfaces between the FFR and the head scan CT of the corresponding subject were analyzed in reverse modeling software. The results were compared with those from a previous study which applied the same methodology as this study except average facial soft tissue depth dataset. Three FFRs of this study that applied updated dataset demonstrated lesser deviation errors between the facial surfaces of the FFR and corresponding subject than those from the previous study. The results proposed that appropriate average tissue depth data are important to increase quantitative accuracy of FFR.</P>