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Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver-Related Mortality : A Cohort Study
Chang, Yoosoo,Cho, Yong Kyun,Cho, Juhee,Jung, Hyun-Suk,Yun, Kyung Eun,Ahn, Jiin,Sohn, Chong Il,Shin, Hocheol,Ryu, Seungho American College of Gastroenterology 2019 The American journal of gastroenterology Vol.114 No.4
Effect of Acid, Pepsin, and Bile Acid on the Stenotic Progression of Traumatized Subglottis
Roh, Jong-Lyel,Lee, Yong-Won,Park, Hee T American College of Gastroenterology 2006 The American journal of gastroenterology Vol.101 No.6
<P>BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is related to various laryngeal sequelae. However, there is a lack of established reflux animal models covering longer observation periods. We evaluated the effects of acid, pepsin, and bile acid on healing of the traumatized subglottis in a simulated reflux model. METHODS: In the first experiment, 48 rabbits were inflicted with a posterior subglottic injury using a diode laser, and there were 10 unwounded controls. After catheter insertion under transoral endoscopic guidance, animals were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: acid reflux (pepsin 0.3 mg/mL+taurodeoxycholic acid 0.155 mg/mL+acid pH 2); nonacid reflux (pepsin+taurodeoxycholic acid+pH 6); saline reflux; and unwounded control. Animals received catheter irrigation with 3 mL of a mixed solution or saline, twice daily for 6 wk. In the second experiment, 36 animals were inflicted with a subglottic injury followed by acid or saline reflux treatment and were sacrificed after 1, 2, and 4 wk for time-serial observations. Gross and histological findings were compared among the different groups. RESULTS: Catheter-related problems were minor. Most animals received laryngopharyngeal irrigation with the solutions well, and 19 were excluded. Inflammation scores, fibrosis, thickening, and luminal stenosis were greatest in the acid reflux group (p<0.005). Values were not different between the nonacid reflux and saline reflux groups (p>0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that subglottic wound healing is significantly affected by pepsin and bile acid only under acidic conditions. This implies that acid-suppressive therapy can prevent further subglottic inflammation and stenosis by laryngeal reflux.</P>
Oh, Bong-Kyeong,Kim, Young-Joo,Park, Young Nyun,Choi, Jinsub,Kim, Kyung Sik,Park, Chanil American College of Gastroenterology 2006 The American journal of gastroenterology Vol.101 No.4
<P>BACKGROUND: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the rate-limiting determinant of telomerase, which is critical for carcinogenesis. Dysplastic nodules (DNs) appear to be preneoplastic lesions of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). In this study, in order to characterize DNs, hTERT mRNA, hTERT gene dosage, and mRNA for c-myc, a transcriptional activator of hTERT were studied in human multi-step hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS: Fifty four hepatic nodules including 5 large regenerative nodules, 14 low-grade DNs, 7 high-grade DNs, 11 DNs with HCC foci and 17 HCCs, 23 livers with chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis, and 6 normal livers were examined. Transcript levels were measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and gene dosages by real-time PCR and Southern blotting. RESULTS: The hTERT mRNA levels increased with the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis, and a significant induction in the transition between low- and high-grade DNs was seen. Most high-grade DNs strongly expressed hTERT mRNA at levels similar to those of HCCs. Twenty-one percent of low-grade DNs had high levels of hTERT mRNA, up to those of high-grade DNs and there was no difference in the pathological features between low-grade DNs with and without increased hTERT mRNA levels. No correlation was found between hTERT mRNA levels, hTERT gene dosage, and c-myc mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the induction of hTERT mRNA is an important early event and that its measurement by real-time quantitative RT-PCR is a useful tool to detect premalignant/malignant tendencies in hepatic nodules. However, hTERT gene dosage and c-myc expression are not the main mechanisms regulating hTERT expression in hepatocarcinogenesis.</P>
Han, Jimin,Moon, Jong Ho,Koo, Hyun Cheol,Kang, Jee Heon,Choi, Joon Hyuck,Jeong, Seok,Lee, Don Haeng,Lee, Moon Sung,Kim, Ho Gak American College of Gastroenterology 2009 The American journal of gastroenterology Vol.104 No.10
<P>OBJECTIVES: For frail, elderly patients with large impacted common bile duct (CBD) stones, long-term treatment with biliary stenting provides palliation. Biliary stenting with choleretic agents such as ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and terpene preparations may promote CBD stone size reduction. We studied the effectiveness of biliary stenting combined with UDCA and a terpene preparation as a medical treatment for difficult-to-remove CBD stones in patients older than 65 years in this multicenter, prospective study. METHODS: A total of 28 elderly patients with CBD stones refractory to conventional endoscopic removal, including mechanical lithotripsy, underwent endoscopic placement of a straight 10-F plastic biliary stent. Each patient was administered 600 mg of UDCA and 300 mg of a terpene preparation daily for a mean of 6 months. After 6 months of medication following the initial endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), a second ERCP was performed and endoscopic stone removal was again attempted. Differences in stone size and CBD diameter before and after biliary stenting and medication were compared. The complete stone removal rate after treatment was obtained. RESULTS: The mean size (transverse x longitudinal diameter) of the CBD stones was initially 21.6 x 29.5 mm, and it decreased significantly to 12.2 x 20.1 mm at the second ERCP (P<0.01). The mean CBD diameter measured initially at the cystic duct insertion level was 23.2 mm, and it decreased significantly to 19.5 mm at the second ERCP (P<0.01). After biliary stenting with medication, endoscopic stone removal was successful in 26 of 28 patients (92.8%), with a mean of 1.7 subsequent ERCP sessions. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic biliary stenting with a period of combined UDCA and terpene preparation administration seems to be a safe and effective method for retained CBD stones in elderly patients. A prospective study with randomization and a control group is required to confirm these results.</P>
A Prospective Nationwide Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Korea :
Suk, Ki Tae,Kim, Dong Joon,Kim, Chang Hoon,Park, Seung Ha,Yoon, Jai Hoon,Kim, Yeon Soo,Baik, Gwang Ho,Kim, Jin Bong,Kweon, Young Oh,Kim, Byung Ik,Kim, Seok Hyun,Kim, In Hee,Kim, Ju Hyun,Nam, Soon Woo American College of Gastroenterology 2012 The American journal of gastroenterology Vol.107 No.9