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김학주 ( Hak Ju Kim ),최일환 ( Il Hwan Choi ),정철 ( Chul Jung ),한가진 ( Ga-jin Han ),고석재 ( Seok Jae Ko ),김슬기 ( Seul Ki Kim ),박재우 ( Jae Woo Park ) 대한면역약침학회 2012 대한면역약침학회지 Vol.1 No.1
Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the contents and physioactivities of I Yakchim. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the amount of total protein, total glucose, crude fat and crude ash of I Yakchim. The anti-oxidative effect of I Yakchim was analyzed by investigating 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of I Yakchim, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were measured. Results: I Yakchim consists of 0.06% of protein, 0.31% of total glucose, 97.65% of crude fat and 0.61% of crude ash. I Yakchim showed higher anti-oxidative effect compared to butyl hydroxyanisole. I Yakchim also showed anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. Conclusions: I Yakchim might have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. Further investigation including exact mechanisms should be needed.
동충하초 발효 불가사리의 발효 조건에 따른 항산화 및 항염증 효능 연구
임우현 ( Wu Hyun Im ),임영훈 ( Young Hoon Lim ),김연숙 ( Yon Suk Kim ),박표잠 ( Pyo Jam Park ),김학주 ( Hak Ju Kim ) 대한면역약침학회 2015 대한면역약침학회지 Vol.4 No.2
Objectives : The purpose of this study is the investigation of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of starfish fermented extract. Methods : In this study, we investigated the anti-oxidant effect of starfish fermented extract through 1,1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and the anti-inflammtory effect through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated Raw 264.7 macrophages respectively. The starfish extract was fermented by Cordyceps militaris. Results : The starfish extract before fermentation showed only 10% DPPH radical scavenging activity, while fermented starfish extracts had 77.3% DPPH radical scavenging activity. In the case of anti-inflammatory, the extract had inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2. Also it decreased the production of NO in Raw 264.7 cells activated by LPS. Conclusions : The starfish fermented extract had anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect and the efficacy increased by fermentation.
LPS로 염증이 유도된 RAW 264.7 대식세포에 대한 B 약침액의 항염증 효과
이경진 ( Kyung Jin Lee ),정철 ( Chul Jung ),김학주 ( Hak Ju Kim ) 대한면역약침학회 2014 대한면역약침학회지 Vol.3 No.2
Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of B Yackchim fluid. Methods : The total sugar, total reducing sugar, and protein contents in B Yackchim fluid were analyzed. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of B Yackchim fluid, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage were measured. Results : B Yackchim fluid consists of 0.12 mg/ml of total sugar, 0.08 mg/ml of total reducing sugar. However, total protein was not detected. B Yackchim fluid showed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the production of NO, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α. However, B Yackchim fluid showed cell cytotoxicity. Conclusions : B Yackchim fluid might have anti-inflammatory effects. However, more studies including efficacy and safety should be needed to use anti-inflammatory agent in Korean medicine.
CSⅡ 약침의 Sprague-Dawley Rats에 대한 단회 근육투여 독성시험
김수경 ( Su Kyeong Kim ),정철 ( Chul Jung ) 대한면역약침학회 2015 대한면역약침학회지 Vol.4 No.1
Objectives : CSⅡ-YAKCHIM was developed to reduce pain in traditional Korean medicine. However, the safety of CSⅡ-YAKCHIM has not been studies. In the present study, single intramuscular dose toxicity study of CSⅡ-YAKCHIM was performed in 6-week old male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods : Test groups consisted of one dosing group at a dose of 1.0 mL/animal and one control group (saline), and 5 males and 5 females were assigned to each group. All animals were monitored for clinical signs and body weight changes during the 14-day observation period after administration. They were subjected to gross necropsy at the end of the observation period. At necropsy, necropsy findings and local tolerance test at the injection site were conducted. Results : All animals in the 1.0 mL/animal group survived the duration of the study. No CSⅡ-YAKCHIM-related effects were evident in clinical signs and body weights in any animal in the 1.0 mL/animal group. At scheduled necropsy, multiple yellow cysts were observed at the injection sites (thigh) of all males and females in the test substance groups. As a result of local tolerance test, there were cysts at the injection sites of all animals that were found with gross findings. Conclusions : Based on the results of the single intramuscular injection in SD rats, the approximate lethal dose of the CSⅡ-YAKCHIM was considered to be greater than 1.0 mL/animal in male and female rats under the conditions of this study.
이동주 ( Dong Joo Lee ),서상수 ( Sang Su Seo ),김수경 ( Su Kyeong Kim ) 대한면역약침학회 2015 대한면역약침학회지 Vol.4 No.2
Objectives : HO-Yakchim and HN-Yakchim can improve wrinkles. However, these oil-type Yakchims show side effects such as induration or imperfect skin absorption. Therefore, a new Yakchim that can improve wrinkles without causing side effects is required. We developed a new Yakchim B (BY) for wrinkle improvement with a complex herbal extract containing Carthami Fructus, Juglandis Semen Oil, Phellodendri Cortex, Pulsatillae Radix, Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix, and Aquilariae Lignum and investigated the pharmacological activities of BY. Methods : The anti-oxidant effect of BY was investigated by determining its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. To investigate the anti-wrinkle activity of BY, its collagenase inhibitory activity was measured. To investigate the skin-lightening effect, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity was measured. In addition, the inhibitory effect of BY on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells was investigated and the cell viability of BY on RAW 264.7 cells was investigated using MTT assay. Results : B-Yakchim (10 mg/ml) showed a 52.7±1.0% DPPH radical scavenging rate and 19.4±1.3% collagenase inhibitory activity. However, B-Yakchim (1, 5, and 10 mg/ml) did not show tyrosinase inhibitory activity. B-Yakchim (1 mg/ml) inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 and did not show cell toxicity in the MTT assay. Conclusions : These results suggested that BY has anti-wrinkle, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings could facilitate the development of an anti-wrinkle Yakchim without side effects.
TA 약침의 안전성 평가 : 세균을 이용한 복귀돌연변이 시험
정철 ( Chul Jung ),황지혜 ( Ji-hye Hwang ) 면역약침의학회(구 대한면역약침학회) 2017 대한면역약침학회지 Vol.6 No.1
Objectives : To evaluate the safety of TA pharmacopuncture, bacterial reverse mutation test was performed using histidine requiring Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537) and tryptophan requiring Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA (pKM101)) strains in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. Methods : TA pharmacopuncture was prepared by extracting from a herbal mixture (Scutellariae Radix 20 g, Phellodendri Cortex 20 g, Pulsatillae Radix 20 g, Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma 20 g, Aucklandiae Radix 10 g, Carthami Fructus 30 g) using a mixture solvent of purified water for injection (500 mL) and alcohol (500 mL). In order to determine the dose levels of the main study, the dose range finding study was performed. The high dose of TA pharmacopuncture was selected at 100% and it was sequentially diluted by applying a geometric ratio of 2 to produce lower dose levels of 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, and 6.25%. The treatment volume was 100 μL. As a result, the growth inhibition and precipitation of the test substance were not evident at any dose level in each strain in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. Therefore, the dose levels of the main study were selected as 100, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, and 6.25%. Also, the negative and positive control groups were set. Results : The mean number of revertant colonies was less than twice when compared to the negative control values at all dose levels of the TA pharmacopuncture in the presence and absence of metabolic activation, showing no dose-related increase. In the positive control group, the number of revertant colonies was markedly increased by more than twice when compared to the negative control group. Conclusions : TA pharmacopuncture did not exhibit any indications of mutagenic potential under the conditions of this study.
면역약침의 견 1, 2, 3 혈위의 근육학적 의미에 대한 고찰
양재원 ( Jae Won Yang ),이현준 ( Hyun Joon Lee ) 대한면역약침학회 2015 대한면역약침학회지 Vol.4 No.2
Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review the frequently used acupuncture points of Immuno-Yakchim (Gyeon 1, 2, 3) based on the knowledge of human anatomy, especially on muscular perspective. Methods : On this paper, we reviewed various preceded reviews and studies to revaluate common used acupuncture points in the text of recent knowledge of anatomy. Results and Conclusions : Gyeon 1, 2, 3 is related to levator scapulae, trapezius, rhomboid muscles based on human anatomy. Also, it is inferred that these acupuncture points are related with improving scapulothoracic rhythm as well as alignment of scapular. So, it seems that by treating this acupuncture points with Immuno-Yakchim may result in improving scapulothoracic rhythm which is essential in movement of shoulder.