http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Cost of Illness Due to Typhoid Fever in Pemba, Zanzibar, East Africa
Riewpaiboon, Arthorn,Piatti, Moritz,Ley, Benedikt,Deen, Jacqueline,Thriemer, Kamala,von Seidlein, Lorenz,Salehjiddawi, Mohammad,Busch, Clara Jana-Lui,Schmied, Wolfgang H.,Ali, Said Mohammed,The Typhoi International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Resear 2014 Journal of health, population, and nutrition Vol.32 No.3
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of typhoid fever in Pemba, Zanzibar, East Africa. This study was an incidence-based cost-of-illness analysis from a societal perspective. It covered new episodes of blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever in patients presenting at the outpatient or inpatient departments of three district hospitals between May 2010 and December 2010. Cost of illness was the sum of direct costs and costs for productivity loss. Direct costs covered treatment, travel, and meals. Productivity costs were loss of income by patients and caregivers. The analysis included 17 episodes. The mean age of the patients, was 23 years (range=5-65, median=22). Thirty-five percent were inpatients, with a mean of 4.75 days of hospital stay (range=3-7, median=4.50). The mean cost for treatment alone during hospital care was US$ 21.97 at 2010 prices (US$ 1=1,430.50 Tanzanian Shilling─TSH). The average societal cost was US$ 154.47 per typhoid episode. The major expenditure was productivity cost due to lost wages of US$ 128.02 (83%). Our results contribute to the further economic evaluation of typhoid fever vaccination in Zanzibar and other sub-Saharan African countries.</P>
Ansaruzzaman, M.,Chowdhury, Ashrafuzzaman,Bhuiyan, Nurul A.,Sultana, Marzia,Safa, Ashrafus,Lucas, Marcelino,von Seidlein, Lorenz,Barreto, Avertino,Chaignat, Claire-Lise,Sack, David A.,Clemens, John D. Microbiology Society 2008 Journal of medical microbiology Vol.57 No.12
<P>The genetic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated in 2004 and 2005 in Mozambique were assessed in this study to determine whether the pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus O3 : K6 and O4 : K68 serotypes has spread to Mozambique. Fifty-eight V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from hospitalized diarrhoea patients in Beira, Mozambique, were serotyped for O : K antigens and genotyped for toxR, tdh and trh genes. A group-specific PCR, a PCR that detects the presence of ORF8 of the filamentous phage f237, arbitrarily primed PCR, PFGE and multilocus sequence typing were performed to determine the pandemic status of the strains and their ancestry. All strains of serovars O3 : K6 (n=38) and O4 : K68 (n=4) were identified as a pandemic clonal group by these analyses. These strains are closely related to the pandemic reference strains of O3 : K6 and O4 : K68, which emerged in Asia in 1996 and were later found globally. The pandemic serotypes O3 : K6 and O4 : K68 including reference strains grouped into a single cluster indicating emergence from a common ancestor. The O3 : K58 (n=8), O4 : K13 (n=6), O3 : KUT (n=1) and O8 : K41 (n=1) strains showed unique characteristics different from the pandemic clone.</P>
Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Shigella flexneri isolates collected in Asian countries
Choi, Seon Young,Jeon, Yoon-Seong,Lee, Je Hee,Choi, Boram,Moon, Sun Hwa,von Seidlein, Lorenz,Clemens, John D.,Dougan, Gordon,Wain, John,Yu, Jun,Lee, Je Chul,Seol, Sung Yong,Lee, Bok Kwon,Song, Jae-Hoo Microbiology Society 2007 Journal of medical microbiology Vol.56 No.11