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( Gao Rui Fang ),( Xu Feng Yuan ),( Jia Jia Li ),( Xiao Fen Wang ),( Xu Cheng ),( Wan Bin Zhu ),( Zong Jun Cui ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.8
A novel two-phase anaerobic treatment technology was developed to treat high-concentration organic cassava bioethanol wastewater. The start-up process and contribution of organics (COD, total nitrogen, and NH4+-N) removal in spatial succession of the whole process and spatial microbial diversity changing when sampling were analyzed. The results of the start-up phase showed that the organic loading rate could reach up to 10 kg COD/m3d, with the COD removal rate remaining over 90% after 25 days. The sample results indicated that the contribution of COD removal in the pre-anaerobic and anaerobic phases was 40% and 60%, respectively, with the highest efficiency of 98.5%; TN and NH4+-N had decreased to 0.05 g/l and 0.90 g/l, respectively, and the mineralization rate of total nitrogen was 94.8%, 76.56% of which was attributed to the anaerobic part. The microbial diversity changed remarkably among different sample points depending on the physiological characteristics of identified strains. Moraxellaceae, Planococcaceae, and Prevotellaceae were dominant in the pre-anaerobic phase and Bacteroidetes, Campylobacterales, Acinetobacter, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, and Bacillus for the anaerobic phase. Methanosarcinaceae and Methanosaeta were the two main phylotypes in the anaerobic reactor.
Structured Learning for 3-D Perivascular Space Segmentation Using Vascular Features
Zhang, Jun,Gao, Yaozong,Park, Sang Hyun,Zong, Xiaopeng,Lin, Weili,Shen, Dinggang IEEE 2017 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering Vol.64 No.12
<P>Objective: The goal of this paper is to automatically segment perivascular spaces (PVSs) in brain from high-resolution 7T magnetic resonance (MR) images. Methods: We propose a structured-learning-based segmentation framework to extract the PVSs from high-resolution 7T MR images. Specifically, we integrate three types of vascular filter responses into a structured random forest for classifying voxels into two categories, i.e., PVS and background. In addition, we propose a novel entropy-based sampling strategy to extract informative samples in the background for training an explicit classification model. Since the vascular filters can extract various vascular features, even thin and low-contrast structures can be effectively extracted from noisy backgrounds. Moreover, continuous and smooth segmentation results can be obtained by utilizing patch-based structured labels. Results: The performance of our proposed method is evaluated on 19 subjects with 7T MR images, with the Dice similarity coefficient reaching 66%. Conclusion: The joint use of entropy-based sampling strategy, vascular features, and structured learning can improve the segmentation accuracy. Significance: Instead of manual annotation, our method provides an automatic way for PVS segmentation. Moreover, our method can be potentially used for other vascular structure segmentation because of its data-driven property.</P>
( Xiu Zhi Gao ),( Hui Liu ),( Xin Xin Yi ),( Yi Qian Liu ),( Xiao Dong Wang ),( Wen Sheng Xu ),( Qi Gen Tong ),( Zong Jun Cui ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.12
Traditional soybean paste from Shandong Liangshan and Tianyuan Jiangyuan commercial soybean paste were chosen for analysis and comparison of their bacterial and fungal dynamics using denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. The bacterial diversity results showed that more than 20 types of bacteria were present in traditional Shandong soybean paste during its fermentation process, whereas only six types of bacteria were present in the commercial soybean paste. The predominant bacteria in the Shandong soybean paste were most closely related to Leuconostoc spp., an uncultured bacterium, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus spp., and Citrobacter freundii. The predominant bacteria in the Tianyuan Jiangyuan soybean paste were most closely related to an uncultured bacterium, Bacillus licheniformis, and an uncultured Leuconostoc spp. The fungal diversity results showed that 10 types of fungi were present in the Shandong soybean paste during the fermentation process, with the predominant fungi being most closely related to Geotrichum spp., an uncultured fungal clone, Aspergillus oryzae, and yeast species. The predominant fungus in the commercial soybean paste was Aspergillus oryzae.
Fabrication and properties of machinable SiC/h-BN Nano-composites
Hai-yun Jin,Nai-kui Gao,Zong-ren Peng,Guan-jun Qiao,Ji-qiang Gao 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2008 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.9 No.6
SiC/BN ceramic nano-composites powders were synthesized by an in-situ recation method and the composites were sintered by hot pressing in a N2 atmosphere. The microstructure, secondary phase and grain boundaries were characterized using a range of analytical techniques including TEM, SEM and XRD. The mechanical properties were determined, when the BN content is increaed because the nano-sized h-BN crystals were homogeneously dispersed around the SiC grains of the matrix, the fracture strength of the nano-composites decreased more slowly than that of the SiC/h-BN micro-composites, but the hardness of the composites decreased sharply and the machinability properites were improved noticeably. SiC/BN ceramic nano-composites powders were synthesized by an in-situ recation method and the composites were sintered by hot pressing in a N2 atmosphere. The microstructure, secondary phase and grain boundaries were characterized using a range of analytical techniques including TEM, SEM and XRD. The mechanical properties were determined, when the BN content is increaed because the nano-sized h-BN crystals were homogeneously dispersed around the SiC grains of the matrix, the fracture strength of the nano-composites decreased more slowly than that of the SiC/h-BN micro-composites, but the hardness of the composites decreased sharply and the machinability properites were improved noticeably.