An Examination of Security Risks in China-Pakistan Investment Cooperation under Changing Dynamics

Yuting Ma(Yuting Ma),Run Ma(Run Ma) 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.9 No.2

As the most important part of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, Pakistan itself has been facing problems like terrorism attacks, political turmoil and economic crisis. Especially after the U.S. withdraw from Afghan, its western borders close to Afghan has been facing numerous violence accidents and unstable factors. These problems cause serious situation to any personnel stay in Pakistan, and thus difficulties in progressing projects. However, except for those obstacles in front of Chinese personnel, Pakistan government has been determined to dedicate to economic development, thus CPEC and its related programs undoubtedly become Pakistan’s most feasible and reliable economic growth projects and vice versa. Among many other policies, Pakistan has launched security policies and special measures for Chinese staffs. Thus for investors, Pakistan is still the friendliest government with welcoming people. Based on analysis, there is still solid ground to stick to the CPEC and go on cooperation, while new investors need to assess all practical problems and factors to make decisions.

On the Opportunity and Challenges of China's Diplomacy——Under the Background of “The Belt and Road Initiative”

Ma Run(Ma Run ),Ma Yuting(Ma Yuting ) 아시아사회과학학회 2022 International Science Research Vol.2 No.3

“The New Silk Road Economic Belt” and “the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road”, as the national strategies of China in the new era, are of great practical significance in building a mutually beneficial and win-win community of interests and a community of common development and prosperity with countries along the Belt and Road. The implementation of the “The Belt and Road Initiative” will help cushion the external pressure faced by China's peaceful rise. At the same time, it promotes the construction and improvement of the new international order, and enhance China's right to speak internationally in the international community. At the same time, with the deepening of China's “the belt and road initiative”, China and other countries along the route will gain development opportunities in the fields of economic diplomacy, people-to-people humanities diplomacy, and non-traditional security. Further more, in the process of promoting the “The Belt and Road Initiative”, there are also many challenges, such as the countries along the route are skeptical about the “The Belt and Road Initiative”, the conflicts caused by ethnic, religious and cultural differences, and the interference of external forces. The so-called opportunities and challenges keep pace with each other. We need to seize the diplomatic opportunity of the “The Belt and Road Initiative”, whilist try our best to cope with the challenges we are facing, and effectively promote the development and construction of our country.

From “Axis of Evil” to “Iran Threat Network”: The Securitization discourse Constructed by the US. Elites Toward Iran

Ma Yuting(Yuting Ma),Dai Yuanyuan(Yuanyuan Dai) 아시아사회과학학회 2023 International Science Research Vol.3 No.1

The US government and political elites have long regarded Iran as a threat to US interests, Middle East peace and Israel’s national security. However, the Iranian government has never actively launched any war since its establishment in 1979. In order to explain the “Iran Threat” discourse constructed by the US political elite, the process of discourse formation and proliferation, this article combines security and threat framing theories, and specifically interprets the corresponding materials and documents through the path of description- interpretation- explanation. It points out that the discourse of the American political elites against Iran is not based on facts, rather, the topics are full of ideological attacks and highly subjective extreme judgments. Take Bush as an example, he portrayed Iran as a supporter of terrorism after the 9/11 incident; on this basis, the intelligence and policy consultant agencies of the US government provide corresponding intelligence materials to support the Iranian threat theory. Through the construction of the Iranian threat discourse by political elites, the U.S. political circle has completed the first round of securitization of Iran, and the political topics related to Iran are almost restricted to the discourse system of threat theory, forming a kind of “threat framing” effect. The entire set of political discourses used by the United States against Iran can promote the implementation of policies of the US., and facilitating its policies against Iran to obtain a legal basis, continuing to isolate Iran in the Middle East and eventually overthrow its current government; at the same time, maintain strong US intervention in the Middle East, making Saudi and other countries dependent on the US due to security needs and maintaining US interests in the Middle East.

The Evolution Logic and Its Influence of the Geopolitical Conflict in the Middle East Under the Profound Changes Unseen in the Century—— A Study on the Evolution of the Syrian Civil War—Proxy war Conflict

Run Ma,Juan Ma,Yuting Ma 아시아사회과학학회 2023 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.11 No.1

The civil war in Syria became the “crater” and “pustule mouth” of the Jasmine Revolution. Looking back at history, the development trend in Syria is based on the logic of “civil strife-civil war-chaotic war-proxy war”. Anti-government armed activities aimed at overthrowing Bashar regime are one after another, and Syria's political and economic development has been seriously affected. Compared with other countries in the Middle East, Syria's civil war is slightly different. This is not just a civil war and sectarian conflict in a strict sense. In the later period, its civil war evolved into a geopolitical game in which the big countries inside and outside the territory and the triple powers in Syria crisscross each other. In addition, the spillover effect of the Syrian civil war has had a substantial impact on the Middle East. The development sequence of Syrian geopolitical conflict is from civil war to Proxy war, which is essentially the external manifestation of several rounds of military and political games between big countries. The logic of this geopolitical conflict is universal in the Middle East. Syria’s geopolitical strategy is prominent, and multi-dimensional forces inside and outside the region participate in it. Its geopolitical game has experienced a long period, while other Middle Eastern countries may have only experienced part of it. In the Middle East, due to sectarian contradictions and political dominance competition within the country, it will eventually develop into a geopolitical situation in which internal and external forces are superimposed. In short, in the future development process, these “indirect forces” inside and outside the domain will probably still play an invisible role in the geopolitical conflicts in the Middle East, and will continue to influence the development trend of the geopolitical pattern of Middle East countries.

Mathematical modeling of torque for single screw expanders

Yuting Wu,Ruiping Zhi,Wei Wang,Lili Shen,Yeqiang Zhang,Biao Lei,Jingfu Wang,Chongfang Ma 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.1

This paper presents a mathematical model of torque for Single screw expanders (SSEs). Instantaneous torque and torque ratio were analyzed and discussed. The periodic variation of instantaneous torque is the same for different inlet pressure levels. The torque ratio, with its value close to 1, is independent of the inlet pressure of SSE. An experimental system was established to measure the torque, power and shaft efficiency of the self-developed SSE prototype, and results were used to validate the model. Comparison shows that the difference between calculated and experimental torque values is small (6.58 N.m to 7.55 N.m). The calculated and experimental output power is similar, with a difference of 2.07 kW to 2.37 kW. Therefore, the proposed model can be used to estimate the torque and output power of SSEs.

Construction of NH2-MIL-101(Fe) /TiO2 Heterojunction to Enhance the Charge Transfer in Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics

Jiang Yuting,Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Edu,Zhang Hongyu,Wu Wei,Ji Bolin,Zhong Yi,Xu Hong,Feng Xueling,Wang Bijia,Ma Yimeng,Mao Zhiping,Zhang Linping 한국화학공학회 2024 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.41 No.7

As an indispensable medicine, antibiotics are widely used in daily life, but following the substantial discharge of various wastewater, which result in antibiotic resistance of microbial pathogens and jeopardizes the health of ecosystems. There is an urgent need to tackle drug residues. After decades of intensive research, photocatalysis technology has been developed into an effi cient technology for wastewater treatment due to its economic and environmental-friendly properties. Here, the photocatalyst NH 2 -MIL-101(Fe)/TiO 2 composite was fabricated to degrade the antibiotics: tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), doxycycline hydrochloride (DC), and levofl oxacin hydrochloride (LEV). The NH 2 -MIL-101(Fe)/TiO 2 photocatalysts exhibited excellent visible light harvesting performance with a narrow band gap (2.19 eV), low recombination ratio of photoinduced carriers, good photoelectric response, low resistance and long charging life. NH 2 -MIL-101(Fe)/TiO 2 (MT0.50 molar ratio Fe:Ti = 1:1) showed the highest degradation eff ect, with the degradation rates of 91.52%, 80.11%, and 88.13% for TC, DC, and LEV in 6 h, with kinetic constants of 0.00510 min −1 , 0.00344 min −1 and 0.00503 min −1 , respectively. The catalysts exhibited signifi cantly increased photocatalytic activity and excellent stability compared to NH 2 -MIL-101 (Fe) and TiO 2 . In addition, MT0.50 still showed good photodegradation eff ect under simulated diff erent pH and ionic strength, indicating that MT0.50 has good adaptability and practical application. The study of photocatalytic mechanism showed that ·OH was the main active substance in the degradation process, which played an important role in degrading antibiotics. In addition, three possible degradation pathways for antibiotics were proposed based on the intermediates detected by LC–MS, and the photocatalysts also showed great stability and excellent antimicrobial eff ects. Therefore, the present study provides a new strategy and enriches the mechanisms involved in the wastewater treatment of NH 2 -MIL-101(Fe)/TiO 2 photodegradation of various antibiotics.

Correlation analysis of muscle amino acid deposition and gut microbiota profile of broilers reared at different ambient temperatures

Yang, Yuting,Gao, Huan,Li, Xing,Cao, Zhenhui,Li, Meiquan,Liu, Jianping,Qiao, Yingying,Ma, Li,Zhao, Zhiyong,Pan, Hongbin Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.1

Objective: Temperature could influence protein and amino acid deposition as well as gut microbiota profile and composition. However, the specific effects of ambient temperature on amino acids deposition and gut microbiota composition remain insufficiently understood. Methods: A total of 300 one-day-old Avian broilers were randomly divided into three groups and reared at high, medium, and low temperature (HT, MT, and LT), respectively. Breast muscle and fecal samples were collected for amino acid composition analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Results: Our data showed that compared to the MT group, there was a decrease of muscle leucine and tyrosine (p<0.05), as well as an increase of methionine in the HT group (p<0.05) and a decrease of serine in the LT group. Examination of microbiota shift revealed that at genus level, the relative abundance of Turicibacter and Parabacteroides was increased in the HT group (p<0.05) and that the relative abundances of Pandoraea, Achromobacter, Prevotella, Brevundimonas, and Stenotrophomonas in the LT group were higher than those in the MT group (p<0.05). In addition, there were substantial correlations between microbes and amino acids. In the HT group. Turicibacter was negatively correlated with aspartic acid and tyrosine, whereas Parabacteroides was positively correlated with methionine (p<0.05). In the LT group, there were multiple positive correlations between Achromobacter and arginine, isoleucine or tyrosine; between Prevotella and cysteine or phenylalanine; between Brevundimonas and cysteine; and between Stenotrophomonas and cysteine as well as a negative correlation between Stenotrophomonas and serine. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that amino acid content of breast muscle and intestinal microbiota profile was affected by different ambient temperatures. Under heat exposure, augmented abundance of Parabacteroides was correlated with elevated methionine. Low temperature treatment may affect muscle tyrosine content through the regulation of Achromobacter.

Catalytic pyrolysis of corncob with Ni/CaO catalysts for hydrogen-rich gas: Synthesis modes and catalyst/biomass ratios

Hongyu Liu,Yuting Tang,Xiaoqian Ma,Wenchang Yue 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.123 No.-

With the depletion of traditional fossil fuels, biomass has evolved as a new environmentally friendly andsustainable alternative energy source. Ni/CaO catalysts are promising for CO2 capture and biomass catalyticuse. In this study, we examined four different synthesis modes for Ni/CaO catalysts: impregnationmethod, sol–gel method (citric acid complexation), sol–gel method with propionic acid modification andsedimentation method, and used the catalysts in the pyrolysis of corncob to produce hydrogen-rich gas at600 C. According to the results of the fixed-bed experiments, adding the propionic acid modification tothe citric acid complexation boosted hydrogen generation by 24.93 vol.%. The global behavior of the catalystssynthesized by the different methods follows the order sol-Ni1/Ca7-P > sol-Ni1/Ca7 > sed-Ni1/Ca7imp-Ni1/Ca7-A. At a catalyst/biomass ratio of 2:1, the maximum H2 concentration of 84.45 ± 1.02vol.% and H2 production of 26.84 ± 1.26 mmol/gbiomass were attained, as well as CO2 concentrations of just2.08 ± 0.03 vol.%. The H2 production was about 20 times higher than without the addition of the catalyst. Optimizing the synthesis modes and catalyst/biomass ratio produced high-quality hydrogen-rich gaswith a high H2 conversion of 88.95 ± 2.20 % and the energy efficiency of 52.73 %.

Review and Prospect of Anti-Americanism in the Middle East

Yao Jide,Ma Run,Ma Yuting 아시아사회과학학회 2021 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.3 No.2

Since the end of World War II, Anti-Americanism has emerged and permeated the international community as a kind of social and political ideological trend that negates the American government s foreign policy and its values. After the end of the Cold War, the anti-Americanism has been particularly prominent and presented a trend of continuous escalation in the Middle East. People and parts of the government in the area have strongly criticized the values advocated by the US. This western-style democracy, freedom, and equality are centered around the Anglo-Saxon culture. Anti-Americanism in the Middle East become a social ideological trend and behaviour with hatred to combat and protest against the American political system in hegemonic diplomacy, long-standing partiality for Israel, and double standards on human rights. Thus, a joint of terrorism activities of individuals and institutions has arisen constantly to aim at United States and its overseas relations. Anti-Americanism in the Middle East has a strong Islamic flavor. Religious extremists often distort religious teachings to mobilize society, and blind followers often resort to extremist activities or even terrorist acts. Anti-Americanism in the Middle East has its multidimensional roots. In the new era, after the upheaval of the Arab Spring, the agitation of the Islamic State and the implementation of the Trump administration s policy of America first with one axis and two wings (Liu, 2019) in the Middle East, the anti- Americanism in the Middle East is bound to continue to heat up and many changes may occur.

Influence of compressor’s tilt angle on the performance of miniature refrigeration system

Xia Chen,Yuting Wu,Chongfang Ma,Chunxu Du,Rui Ma,Dongfang Wang 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.1

Vapor compression refrigeration is considered as ideal miniature cooling system for miniature electronic systems and portable cooling systems. Many applications of the miniature refrigeration system are working under the situations (such as aviation field, individual combat system and automobile air conditioning, etc.) that exist bump, tilt, and even flip, which will severely degrade the performance of the miniature refrigeration system. In order to study the influence of compressor’s tilt angle on refrigeration system, a test bench was built and the performance experiments were made. The results show that the compressor’s tilt angle has a great impact on the refrigeration system performance. When the compressor worked at the maximum tilt angle of 60°, COP-c and COP-h of the system change periodically. When the compressor works in full load, the maximum tilt angle for compressor is 20°. When the compressor tilt angle is 15°, there is an optimal amount of refrigerant charge, and corresponding COP-c and COP-h reach the maximum of 2.9 and 3.9, respectively.