Temporal and Vertical Variation of a Loam Entisol’s Pore Size Distribution and Hydraulic Properties: Farmland VS Forestland

Xiang-Yu Tang,Hong-Lan Wang,Song-Bai Song 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Numerical simulation on the coupled chemo-mechanical damage of underground concrete pipe

Xiang-nan Li,Xiao-bao Zuo,Yu-xiao Zou,Yu-juan Tang 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.86 No.6

Long-termly used in water supply, an underground concrete pipe is easily subjected to the coupled action of pressure loading and flowing water, which can cause the chemo-mechanical damage of the pipe, resulting in its premature failure and lifetime reduction. Based on the leaching characteristics and damage mechanism of concrete pipe, this paper proposes a coupled chemo-mechanical damage and failure model of underground concrete pipe for water supply, including a calcium leaching model, mechanical damage equation and a failure criterion. By using the model, a numerical simulation is performed to analyze the failure process of underground concrete pipe, such as the time-varying calcium concentration in concrete, the thickness variation of pipe wall, the evolution of chemo-mechanical damage, the distribution of concrete stress on the pipe and the lifetime of the pipe. Results show that, the failure of the pipe is a coupled chemo-mechanical damage process companied with calcium leaching. During its damage and failure, the concentrations of calcium phase in concrete decrease obviously with the time, and it can cause an increase in the chemo-mechanical damage of the pipe, while the leaching and abrasion induced by flowing water can lead to the boundary movement and wall thickness reduction of the pipe, and it results in the stress redistribution on the pipe section, a premature failure and lifetime reduction of the pipe.

Targeting treatment of bladder cancer using PTK7 aptamer-gemcitabine conjugate

Xiang Wei,Peng Yongbo,Zeng Hongliang,Yu Chunping,Zhang Qun,Liu Biao,Liu Jiahao,Hu Xing,Wei Wensu,Deng Minhua,Wang Ning,Liu Xuewen,Xie Jianfei,Hou Weibin,Tang Jin,Long Zhi,Wang Long,Liu Jianye 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00

Gemcitabine (GEM) is one of the first-line chemotherapies for bladder cancer (BC), but the GEMs cannot recognize cancer cells and have a low long-term response rate and high recurrence rate with side effects during the treatment of BC. Targeted transport of GEMs to mediate cytotoxicity to tumor and avoid the systemic side effects remains a challenge in the treatment of BC.Based on a firstly confirmed biomarker in BC-protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), which is overexpressed on the cell membrane surface in BC cells, a novel targeting system protein tyrosine kinase 7 aptamer-Gemcitabine conjugate (PTK7-GEMs) was designed and synthesized using a specific PTK7 aptamer and GEM through auto-synthesis method to deliver GEM against BC. In addition, the antitumor effects and safety evaluation of PTK7-GEMs was assessed with a series of in vitro and in vivo assays.PTK7-GEMs can specifically bind and enter to BC cells dependent on the expression levels of PTK7 and via the macropinocytosis pathway, which induced cytotoxicity after GEM cleavage from PTK7-GEMs respond to the intracellular phosphatase. Moreover, PTK7-GEMs showed stronger anti-tumor efficacy and excellent biosafety in three types of tumor xenograft mice models.These results demonstrated that PTK7-GEMs is a successful targeted aptamer-drug conjugates strategy (APDCs) to treat BC, which will provide new directions for the precision treatment of BC in the field of biomarker-oriented tumor targeted therapy.

Treatment of bladder cancer by geoinspired synthetic chrysotile nanocarrier-delivered circPRMT5 siRNA

Chunping Yu,Yi Zhang,Ning Wang,Wensu Wei,Ke Cao,Qun Zhang,Peiying Ma,Dan Xie,Pei Wu,Biao Liu,Jiahao Liu,Wei Xiang,Xing Hu,Xuewen Liu,Jianfei Xie,Jin Tang,Zhi Long,Long Wang,Hongliang Zeng,Jianye Liu 한국생체재료학회 2022 생체재료학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have important functions in many fields of cancer biology. In particular, we previously reported that the oncogenic circRNA, circPRMT5, has a major role in bladder cancer progression. Therapy based on circRNAs have good prospects as anticancer strategies. While anti-circRNAs are emerging as therapeutics, the specific in vivo delivery of anti-circRNAs into cancer cells has not been reported and remains challenging. Methods: Synthesized chrysotile nanotubes (SCNTs) with a relatively uniform length (~ 200 nm) have been designed to deliver an siRNA against the oncogenic circPRMT5 (si-circPRMT5) inhibit circPRMT5. In addition, the antitumor effects and safety evaluation of SCNTs/si-circPRMT5 was assessed with a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. Results: The results showed that SCNTs/si-circPRMT5 nanomaterials prolong si-circPRMT5’s half-life in circulation, enhance its specific uptake by tumor cells, and maximize the silencing efficiency of circPRMT5. In vitro, SCNTs encapsulating si-circPRMT5 could inhibit bladder cancer cell growth and progression. In vivo, SCNTs/si-circPRMT5 inhibited growth and metastasis in three bladder tumor models (a subcutaneous model, a tail vein injection lung metastatic model, and an in situ model) without obvious toxicities. Mechanistic study showed that SCNTs/sicircPRMT5 regulated the miR-30c/SNAIL1/E-adherin axis, inhibiting bladder cancer growth and progression. Conclusion: The results highlight the potential therapeutic utility of SCNTs/si-circPRMT5 to deliver si-circPRMT5 to treat bladder cancer.

Detection of Powdery Mildew of Bitter Gourd Based on NIR/Fluorescence Spectra

Gao Jia Yu,Wei Dong Zheng,Wang Xiang,Tang Jin Cheng,Xu Ji Tong,Zhao Ping,Ning Xiao Feng 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.3

Purpose Powdery mildew as one of the common vegetable diseases has very rapid infection. Its outbreak will bring about disastrous consequences to vegetable output; thus, it is of key importance to do rapid identifi cation and prevention of powdery mildew. Methods In this test, 100 bitter gourd leaves were collected as research samples, and the data of near-infrared spectra, fl uorescence spectra, and chromatic values L*a*b* , and the classic K-S algorithm was adopted to divide the sample sets; then, the quantitative forecasting and qualitative discrimination models were established. First, Pearson’s correlation analysis was carried out to fi nd the feasibility of taking a * as the modeling parameter, through cross-validation; the quantitative forecasting model was optimized by the PLSR (partial least squares regression) method. The model is also optimized by extracting the spectral feature bands using the continuous projection SPA method. Results The optimization results showed that the MSC + SPA + PLSR quantitative forecasting model of near-infrared spectra could eff ectively improve model precision, which was signifi cantly higher than that of fl uorescence spectra. Classifi cation Leaner was used to establish the quantitative forecasting model. Compared with the model of near-infrared spectra, the SPA + SVM qualitative discrimination model of fl uorescence spectra could improve the identifi cation precision of powdery mildew of bitter gourd as high as 98% through training. Conclusion This study proposed diff erent combination methods based on quantitative forecasting and qualitative discrimination and could provide a method and reference to the identifi cation of powdery mildew of bitter gourd.

A field study of colloid transport in surface and subsurface flows

Zhang, Wei,Tang, Xiang-Yu,Xian, Qing-Song,Weisbrod, Noam,Yang, Jae E.,Wang, Hong-Lan Elsevier, etc 2016 Journal of hydrology Vol.542 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Colloids have been recognized to enhance the migration of strongly-sorbing contaminants. However, few field investigations have examined combined colloid transport via surface runoff and subsurface flows. In a headwater catchment of the upper Yangtze River, a 6m (L) by 4m (W) sloping (6°) farmland plot was built by cement walls to form no-flow side boundaries. The plot was monitored in the summer of 2014 for the release and transport of natural colloids via surface runoff and subsurface flows (i.e., the interflow from the soil-mudrock interface and fracture flow from the mudrock-sandstone interface) in response to rain events. The water sources of the subsurface flows were apportioned to individual rain events using a two end-member model (i.e., mobile pre-event soil water extracted by a suction-cup sampler <I>vs</I>. rainwater (event water)) based on <I>δ</I> <SUP>18</SUP>O measurements. For rain events with high preceding soil moisture, mobile pre-event soil water was the main contributor (generally >60%) to the fracture flow. The colloid concentration in the surface runoff was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that in the subsurface flows. The lowest colloid concentration was found in the subsurface interflow, which was probably the result of pore-scale colloid straining mechanisms. The rainfall intensity and its temporal variation govern the dynamics of the colloid concentrations in both surface runoff and subsurface flows. The duration of the antecedent dry period affected not only the relative contributions of the rainwater and the mobile pre-event soil water to the subsurface flows but also the peak colloid concentration, particularly in the fracture flow. The <10μm fine colloid size fraction accounted for more than 80% of the total suspended particles in the surface runoff, while the colloid size distributions of both the interflow and the fracture flow shifted towards larger diameters. These results highlight the need to avoid the application of strongly-sorbing agrochemicals (e.g., pesticides, phosphorus fertilizers) immediately before rainfall following a long no-rain period because their transport in association with colloids may occur rapidly over long distances via both surface runoff and subsurface flows with rainfall.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Subsurface flow was apportioned into rainwater and mobile pre-event soil water. </LI> <LI> The duration of no-rain period affects peak colloid concentration. </LI> <LI> Rainfall intensity and its temporal variation govern colloid discharge dynamics. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effects of Biochar Amendment on Adsorption-Desorption Behavior of Chlorpyrifos Metabolite TCP in Loamy Soils Under Saturated and Unsaturated Conditions

Chen Liu,Xiang-Yu Tang 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

A review of source tracking techniques for fine sediment within a catchment

Guan, Zhuo,Tang, Xiang-Yu,Yang, Jae E.,Ok, Yong Sik,Xu, Zhihong,Nishimura, Taku,Reid, Brian J. Springer-Verlag 2017 Environmental geochemistry and health Vol.39 No.6

<P>Excessive transport of fine sediment, and its associated pollutants, can cause detrimental impacts in aquatic environments. It is therefore important to perform accurate sediment source apportionment to identify hot spots of soil erosion. Various tracers have been adopted, often in combination, to identify sediment source type and its spatial origin; these include fallout radionuclides, geochemical tracers, mineral magnetic properties and bulk and compound-specific stable isotopes. In this review, the applicability of these techniques to particular settings and their advantages and limitations are reviewed. By synthesizing existing approaches, that make use of multiple tracers in combination with measured changes of channel geomorphological attributes, an integrated analysis of tracer profiles in deposited sediments in lakes and reservoirs can be made. Through a multi-scale approach for fine sediment tracking, temporal changes in soil erosion and sediment load can be reconstructed and the consequences of changing catchment practices evaluated. We recommend that long-term, as well as short-term, monitoring of riverine fine sediment and corresponding surface and subsurface sources at nested sites within a catchment are essential. Such monitoring will inform the development and validation of models for predicting dynamics of fine sediment transport as a function of hydro-climatic and geomorphological controls. We highlight that the need for monitoring is particularly important for hilly catchments with complex and changing land use. We recommend that research should be prioritized for sloping farmland-dominated catchments.</P>

Liposomal honokiol, a potent anti-angiogenesis agent, in combination with radiotherapy produces a synergistic antitumor efficacy without increasing toxicity

Jia Hu,Li Liu,Xiang Chen,Ping Chen,Guang-li Yang,Wen-li Hou,Ming-hai Tang,Fan Zhang,Xian-huo Wang,Xia Zhao,Yu-quan Wei,Li-juan Chen 생화학분자생물학회 2008 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.40 No.6

Honokiol is an active compound purified from magnolia that has been shown to induce cell differentiation, apoptosis, and anti-angiogenesis effects, as well as an enhancement in tumor growth delay in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in several mouse xenograft models. Our goal was to investigate the radiosensitization effect of honokiol on lung carcinoma. The radiosensitization effect of liposomal honokiol in Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LL/2) was analyzed using an in vitro clonogenic survival assay. For an in vivo study, Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice were treated with either liposomal honokiol at 25 mg/kg or 5 Gy of single tumor radiation, or a combination of both over 12 days of treatment. The tumor growth delay and the survival time were evaluated. In addition, histological analysis of tumor sections was performed to examine changes by detecting the microvessel density and apoptosis in tumor tissues. In the clonogenic survival assay, LL/2 cells treated with IC50 Lipo-HNK for 24 h showed a radiation enhancement ratio of 1.9. After 12 days of combination treatment, the tumor volume decreased 78% and produced an anti-tumor activity 1.3-fold greater than a predicted additive effect of honokiol and radiation alone. This combination treatment also caused an 8.7 day delay in tumor growth. The cell cycle distribution and histological analysis demonstrated that liposomal honokiol has an anti-tumor effect via inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Liposomal honokiol can enhance tumor cell radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo, indicating that radiotherapy combined with liposomal honokiol can lead to greater anti-tumor efficacy. Honokiol is an active compound purified from magnolia that has been shown to induce cell differentiation, apoptosis, and anti-angiogenesis effects, as well as an enhancement in tumor growth delay in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in several mouse xenograft models. Our goal was to investigate the radiosensitization effect of honokiol on lung carcinoma. The radiosensitization effect of liposomal honokiol in Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LL/2) was analyzed using an in vitro clonogenic survival assay. For an in vivo study, Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice were treated with either liposomal honokiol at 25 mg/kg or 5 Gy of single tumor radiation, or a combination of both over 12 days of treatment. The tumor growth delay and the survival time were evaluated. In addition, histological analysis of tumor sections was performed to examine changes by detecting the microvessel density and apoptosis in tumor tissues. In the clonogenic survival assay, LL/2 cells treated with IC50 Lipo-HNK for 24 h showed a radiation enhancement ratio of 1.9. After 12 days of combination treatment, the tumor volume decreased 78% and produced an anti-tumor activity 1.3-fold greater than a predicted additive effect of honokiol and radiation alone. This combination treatment also caused an 8.7 day delay in tumor growth. The cell cycle distribution and histological analysis demonstrated that liposomal honokiol has an anti-tumor effect via inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Liposomal honokiol can enhance tumor cell radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo, indicating that radiotherapy combined with liposomal honokiol can lead to greater anti-tumor efficacy.

Structure of MnOx/TiO2 Catalysts and Their Catalytic Performance in the Gas-Phase Oxidation of o-Dichlorobenzene

Wenrui Zhang,Aidong Tang,Dabin Ren,Hui Xiang,Zhiqiang Yu,Guoying Sheng,Jiamo Fu 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2015 NANO Vol.10 No.5

The influence of structure of MnOx/TiO2 catalysts and their catalytic oxidation of o-dichlorobenzene were examined in this study. MnOx/TiO2 catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) and FTIR for NH3 adsorption techniques. Experimental results indicated that the MnOx/TiO2 catalyst prepared from manganese nitrate possessed the highest catalytic activity with a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 14,500 h-1. This activity may be due to a large amount of surface Mn2O3 species, the strong Brönsted and Lewis acidity and the combined TiO2 phases. Additionally, a possible reaction model from o-dichlorobenzene oxidation over MnOx/TiO2 catalyst was suggested based on the analysis.