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Toward Understanding the Differences of PM2.5 Characteristics Among Five China Urban Cities
Zhang Kaiyang,Zhao Chuanfeng,Fan Hao,Yang Yikun,Sun Yue 한국기상학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.56 No.4
Characteristics of PM2.5 are investigated and compared based on observations from 2008 to 2017 in Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Chengdu, and Guangzhou, which cover five different climate regions of China. Significant seasonal variations of PM2.5 are found for all five cities, with the largest values in winter and the smallest in summer. The differences of PM2.5 among the five cities are most likely associated with the emission sources, meteorology and topography. The strong emissions with surrounded mountains in Beijing make PM2.5 high, particularly in winter. The basin topography surrounding by mountains in Chengdu makes the pollution hard to disperse and then causes high PM2.5. By contrast, the sea-land breeze helps disperse the air pollution in coastal cities such as Guangzhou and Shanghai by mixing and transport and makes PM2.5 in those cites relatively low. Moreover, the population shows high values in Beijing and Shanghai, and the vehicle amount shows high values in Beijing and Chengdu, contributing to their high PM2.5. Similar monthly variations of PM2.5 are found for the five cities, while the magnitude of variations are different. The five cities demonstrate more different diurnal variations of PM2.5. Associated with the sea-land breeze, there are very weak diurnal variations of PM2.5 in Shanghai and Guangzhou. Differently, significant diurnal variations exist for Beijing, Shengyang and Chengu, with the minimum values in the afternoon and high values at night.
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Research on Stress Reduction Model Based on Transformer
Xin Xu,Yikun Zhao,Ruhao Zhang,Tingting Xu 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.12
People are constantly exposed to stress and anxiety environment, which could contribute to a variety of psychological and physical health problems. Therefore, it is particularly important to identify psychological stress in time and to find a feasible and universal method of stress reduction. This research investigated the influence of different music, such as relaxation music and natural rhythm music, on stress relief based on Electroencephalogram signals. Mental arithmetic test was implemented to create a stressful environment. 23 participants performed the mental arithmetic test with and without music respectively, while their Electroencephalogram signal was recorded. The effect of music on stress relief was verified through stress test questionnaires, including Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) and Self-Stress Assessment. There was a significant change in the stress test questionnaire values with and without music according to paired t-test (p<0.01). Furthermore, a model based on Transformer for stress level classification from Electroencephalogram signal was proposed. Experimental results showed that the method of listening to relaxation music and natural rhythm music achieved the effect of reducing psychological stress and the proposed model yielded a promising accuracy in classifying the Electroencephalogram signal of mental stress.
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Weng, Kangkang,Li, Chao,Bi, Pengqing,Ryu, Hwa Sook,Guo, Yikun,Hao, Xiaotao,Zhao, Dahui,Li, Weiwei,Woo, Han Young,Sun, Yanming The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.7 No.8
<P>Ternary solar cells have been proven to be an effective way to increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Up to now, research effort has mostly focused on fullerene derivatives and acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type non-fullerene acceptor-based ternary solar cells, while perylene diimide (PDI)-based ternary devices have been rarely studied. In this contribution, we introduced a new type of ternary solar cell based on a PDI-based small-molecule acceptor (PBI-Por) and a polymer donor (PTB7-Th) with a third PDI-based polymer acceptor (PDI-V). The introduction of PDI-V into the ternary blends not only broadens the absorption of blend films but also increases the electron mobilities. As a result, a high efficiency of 9.43% was obtained for the ternary OSC, which is 20% higher than that of the binary OSC. Detailed studies indicate that PDI-V showed good compatibility with PBI-Por in the blend films, which demonstrates a promising way to fabricate high-performance PDI-based OSCs.</P>
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