건일로딘 정(미결정에토돌락 200 ㎎)에 대한 에토돌 정의 생물학적동등성

이정애,이윤영,조태섭,박영준,문병석,김호현,이예리,이희주,이경률 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.4

A bioequivalence of Etodol™ tablets (Yuhan corporation) and Kuhnillodine™ tablets (Kuhnil Pharm, Co., Ltd.) was evaluated according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Single 200 ㎎ dose of etodolac of each medicine was administered orally to 24 healthy male volunteers. This study was performed in a 2×2 cross-over design. Concentrations of etodolac in human plasma were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography. AUCt (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. C_(max) (maximum plasma drug concentration) and T_(max) (time to reach C_(max)) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was performed using logarithmically transformed AUCt and C_(max). No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters. The 90% confidence intervals of the AUCt ratio and the C_(max) ratio for Etodol™/Kuhnillodine™ were 1.01 - 1.10 and 0.87 - 1.06, respectively. This study demonstrated a bioequivalence of Etodol™ and Kuhnillodine™ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

유아를 위한 다문화 교육의 방향과 전략

전예화,이민영 인제대학교 2010 仁濟論叢 Vol.25 No.1

The objective of this article was to offer directions and strategies of multicultural education for young childr‘en in Korea. This article examined the multicultural family conditions and problems of their children. Also, it studied the conception and necessity of multicultural education and considered how multicultural education has been implemented in America, Germany and Japan. The directions of multicultural education for young people presented in this article were that the education should not present prescriptive solutions like compensation or support for language deficiency and cultural deficiency but it should be done based on perspectives on lives and rights of young children. And this study suggests strategies which are an understanding of multicultural families and their children by early childhood education institutes, parent participation of multicultural families and providing an environmental for multicultural education expenence.

기업 윤리프로그램에서 반추가 조직구성원의 비윤리적 행동의 변화와 그 효과의 지속성에 미치는 영향

이지예(Lee, Ji-Ye),장영균(Chang, Young-Kyun),김상수(Kim, Sang-Soo) 한국경영교육학회 2020 경영교육연구 Vol.35 No.4

[연구목적] 많은 기업에서 다양한 기업 윤리프로그램을 실시하고 있지만 그 실효성에 관해서는 많은 의문점이 제기되어 왔다. 교육학 등에서 주로 조명을 받아온 반추(reflection)는 조직의 내 · 외부적 이슈들과 관련하여 올바른 의사결정을 위해 어떻게 행동해야 하는지에 대한 표준을 능동적으로 학습할 수 있는 중요한 과정으로 여겨지고 있다. [연구방법] 본 연구에서는 기업 윤리프로그램에 반추과정을 적용하여 그 효과성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 총 339명을 대상으로 3개의 집단으로 구분하여 실험연구를 수행하였다. 윤리교육을 실시한 후 그 내용에 대한 반추의 과정을 거치는 실험집단1, 윤리교육만을 실시하는 실험집단2, 그리고 윤리교육과 반추의 과정 모두 실시하지 않는 통제집단으로 구분하여 반추의 효과성을 분석하였다. 또한 앞서 참여한 응답자를 대상으로 3주 후 다시 한번 동일한 측정문항으로 조사를 실시하여 그 효과의 지속성을 분석하였다. [연구결과] 실험 결과 윤리교육을 받은 실험집단1과 2에서 통제집단에 비하여 비윤리적 행동경향이 낮게 나타났는데, 특히 반추의 과정을 거친 실험집단1은 그렇지 않은 실험집단2에 비하여 비윤리적 행동 경향이 추가로 더 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 시간이 지남에 따라 윤리교육으로 인한 효과가 차차 소멸되기는 하지만 반추의 과정을 거칠 경우 그 효과가 더 지속되는 것을 알 수 있었다. [연구의 시사점] 이러한 결과를 통해 윤리프로그램에서 반추의 역할을 조명함과 동시에 기업의 윤리프로그램 효과성 제고에 실무적으로도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. [Purpose] Reflection, usually getting more research attention in education, is a necessary component of ethics training because it encourages employees to be more proactive in learning the norms that guide their decision-making regarding various issues. [Methodology] This study designed an experiment by embedding reflection in an ethics training program to examine the effectiveness of such training. A total of 339 participants were allocated to two experimental groups (Group 1 and Group 2) and one control group. [Findings] Findings from the experiment showed that Group 1 and Group 2 are less inclined toward unethical behavior than the control group. Between Group 1 and Group 2, Group 1 that went through the reflection phase shows much less inclination toward unethical behavior than Group 2. The results further indicated that the impact of ethics training gradually diminished over time, but having reflection was found to help sustain the training impact. [Implications] Along with its theoretical contribution that sheds light on the role of reflection in ethics training programs, this study may be worthwhile by providing companies with practical implications that reinforce the effectiveness of ethics training.

여수국가산업단지 인근 지역 대기오염물질 농도에 영향을 미치는 요인분석

김민영,변정훈,이영훈,이건영,한지은,이예림,임지현,장봉기 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2022 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.28 No.1,2

Eight monitoring stations in the Yeosu National Industrial Complex will determine the concentration of air pollutants measured every hour in 2019, analyze what factors affect them, and how they correlate with the air pollutant measurements. Six air pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, CO, PM-10 and PM-2.5) measured at eight monitoring stations around Yeosu National Industrial Complex (Seogang-dong, Wolnae-dong, Munsu-dong, Yeocheon-dong, Deokchung-dong, Hwayang-myeon, Yulchon-myeon, Samil-dong) the measurement data for each hour of the year were downloaded to analyze the concentration by weather condition, time zone, season, separation distance from Yeosu Industrial Complex, and separation distance from Gwangyang Industrial Complex. SO2, NO2, and CO concentrations were significantly higher in winter, significantly lower in summer, and O3, PM-10, and PM-2.5 concentrations were significantly higher in spring. SO2, CO, PM-10, and PM-2.5 concentrations were significantly higher between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m., NO2 concentrations were significantly higher between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m., and O3 concentrations were significantly higher between 13 p.m. and 15 p.m.(p<0.001). The concentration of air pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, PM-10, PM-2.5) excluding O3 was found to have a negative (-) correlation with weather condition, and in the case of O3, it was found to have a positive (+) correlation with PM-10, PM-2.5, temperature and wind speed. It was confirmed that the concentration of air pollutants emitted from the Yeosu National Industrial Complex differs depending on the season, time and distance to the industrial complex. This study aims to establish measures to minimize health damage to residents living relatively close to the industrial complex and contribute to the establishment of management and response measures according to the properties of substances to reduce the concentration of air pollutants in the future.

루리드 정(록시스로마이신 150㎎)에 대한 록시스린 정의 생물학적동등성

정선경,이윤영,조태섭,김호현,이예리,이경률,이희주 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.3

A bioequivalence study of Roxithrin™ tablet (Kukje Pharma. Ind. Co., Ltd.) to Rulid™ tablet (Han Dok Pharma. Ind. Co., Ltd.) was conducted according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty four healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the roxithromycin dose of 300 mg in a 2×2 crossover study. There was a one-week wash-out period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of roxithromycin were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography for over a period of 36 hours after drug administration. AUC, (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 36 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. C_(max) (maximum plasma drug concentration) and T_(max) (time to reach C_(max)) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed AUC, and C_(max). No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the cross-over design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the AUC, ratio and the C_(max) ratio for Roxithrin™/Rulid™ were 1.00 - 1.13 and 0.98 - 1.10, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of 0.80 - 1.25. Thus, our study demonstrated the bioequivalence of Roxithrin™ and Rulid™ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

기업 실체 광고와 이슈 광고가 기업 이미지에 미치는 영향

이호배,남영이 홍익대학교 경영연구소 1996 경영연구 Vol.21 No.-

울산 지역에서 대기중 벤젠으로 인한 암 사망 손실비용 추정 모형에 관한 연구

이용진,김예신,신동천,신영철 한국환경경제학회 한국자원경제학회 2004 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.13 No.1

울산 지역에서 대기중 벤젠으로 인한 발암 인체영향에 대한 경제성 평가를 위해서, 건강 위해성 평가를 수행하여 대상 지역의 이론적 암 사망지수를 추정하고, 대상 지역 주민을 대상으로 가상 가치평가법을 통한 위해도 감소의 지불의사금액을 추정하여 1인의 통계적 생명가치액을 유도하여 이론적 암 사망지수에 대한 사망 손실비용을 유도하였다. 대상 지역의 대기중 벤젠의 평균 농도는 7.88㎍/㎥(min : 1.16∼max : 23.32㎍/㎥)로 조사되어 US EPA IRIS의 벤젠 단위 위해도 2.2×10^(-6)∼7.8∼10^(-6)을 사용하고, 30세 이상의 노출인구수 51만 6,641명에 대한 인구 집단 위해도를 추정한 결과 10년간 발생 가능한 발암 사망지수는 2.90명(5 percentile : 0.32명∼95 percentile : 9.11명)으로 조사되었다. 1인의 통계적 생명가치액을 추정하기 위하여, 공단 지역의 지불의사금약 모형을 추정한 결과, 응답자의 암 치료경험 유·무와 기대 여명, 가족수, 교육수즌이 유의한 영향 요인으로 조사되었고, 연간 1만 평당 5명의 위해도 감소에 대한 지불의사금액은 월1만 4,852원(95% C.I : 1만3,135원∼1만6,794)으로 산출되었으며, 위해도 감소치를 고려한 1인의 통계적 생명가치액은 약 3억6,000만원(95% C.I:3억2,000만원∼4억원)으로 추정되었다. 대기중 벤젠의 발암 영향으로 인한 건강 손실비용은 발암 위해성 평가로 추정된 이론적 사망지수에 1인의 통계적 생명가치액을 곱하여 추정하였다. 추정 결과, 현 수준의 벤젠의 발암 영향이 10년간 지속될 경우 약 10억원(5 percentile: 1억원∼95 percentile: 33억원)의 건강 손실이 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 본 연구 결과, 대기중 벤젠의 노출로 인한 위해도를 줄이기 위해서는 벤젠 단독물질에 대해서 이론적으로 10년간 약 10억원에 대응하는 감소 대책에 투자하여햐 한다. 그러나 벤젠 한 물질만을 감소시키기 위한 대안은 현실적이지 못하므로, 이 연구를 모델로 하여 차후 벤젠을 포함한 휘발성 유기오염물질에 대한 총합 적용이 필요하고, 손실비용을 재추정해야 할 것이다. This study aimed to evaluate cancer damage cost due to risk from benzene inhalation. We performed health risk assessment based on US EPA guideline to estimate annual population risk in Ulsan metropolitan city. Also, we estimated a willingness-to-pay amount for reducing a cancer mortality rate to evaluate a value of statistical life. We combined the annual population risk and the value of statistical life to calculate the cancer damage cost. In the health risk assessment, we applied the benzene unit risk (2.2×10^(-6)~7.8×10^(-6)) in the US EPA's Integrated Risk Information System to assess the annual population risk. Average concentration of benzene in ambient air is 7.88 ㎍/㎥(min: 1.16~ max: 23.32 ㎍/㎥). We targeted an exposure population of 516,641 persons who aged over 30 years old. Using a Monte-Carlo simulation for uncertainty analysis, we evaluated that the population risk of benzene during ten years in Ulsan city is 2.90 persons (5 percentile: 0.32 ~ 95 percentile: 9.11 persons). And the monthly averagc WTP for 5/1,000 cancer mortality reduction during ten years is 14,852 Won(95% C.I: 13,135 ~ 16,794 Won) and the implied VSL is 36 million Won(95% C.I: 32~40 million Won). Cancer damage cost due to risk from benzene inhalation during 10 years in Ulsan city is about 104 million Won(5 percentile: 13 ~95 percentile: 328 million Won). Health benefit cost to reduce a cancer mortality risk of benzene is about 50 million Won in Ulsan metropolitan city. But, it is very important that this cost is not for all health damage cost of cancer mortality in some area. We just recommended a model for evaluating a cancer risk reduction, so we must re-evaluate all integrated application of total VOCs damage cost including benzene.

시나리오 역할 게임을 통한 신속 시스템 설계/검증 방법 : 패키지 응용 시스템을 대상으로 for Package Based System Implementation

예도경,이용재,강두호,최열현 한국경영과학회 1998 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1

Recently, many enterprises wish to preoccupy competitive positions in the market by motivating themselves towards CALS(Commerce At Light Speed), and try hard to achieve system implementation with the use of new concept-based backbone systems such as ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) or ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning). However, unfortunately there is an inevitable discrepancy during implementation period between package vendors and customers due to lack of clear methodology and misunderstanding about system. In some cases, consensus on partially verified system design invokes customers’ continuous change demands and often it tends to result in unnecessary project delays. PDM application system implementation project of the company L has been studied here to solve these sorts of problems. The major yields of this work are achievement of a willing approval from customers and rapid system design under a time-limited and conceptually defined project scope, and finally, through fully verified system design, we were able to reach successful system implementation.

만성 견비통에 대한 동씨침 치료의 무작위 대조군의 임상 연구

김찬영,권나현,신예지,남동우,김건형,김종인,최도영,이윤호,이재동 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2007 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2007 No.-

Objectives : To observe the effect of acupuncture treatment in chronic shoulder pain patients. Methods : 36 voluntary patients were randomly assigned to an acupuncture treatment group(E GrouP, n=18) and a control group(C GrouP, n=18). The E Group patients received acupuncture treatment on LI_(15), TE_(14), GB_(21) and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwan and Gyun-joong, twice a week for four weeks. The C Group patients received no treatment. All patients in both groups were instructed to practise self exercise in their daily lives. Evaluations were made at baseline and after four weeks of study. The Constant Shoulder Assessment(CSA), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI) and the patient's subjective pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The obtained data was analyzed. Results '. The E Group showed significant(p<0.05) improvement in CSA, SPADI and VAS after four weeks of treatment. The C Group showed significant(p<0.05) improvement in CSA, but the change of SPADI and VAS was insignificant(P>0.05). CSA and SPADI of E Group significantly(p<0.05) improved compared to the C GrouP, but the difference of VAS change in the two groups was insignificant(p>0.05). Conclusions : Four weeks of acupuncture treatment significantly improved CSA, SPADI and VAS. The improvement of CSA and SPADI was significant(p<0.05) compared to untreated patients.

숯가루 첨가가 빵반죽의 발효와 품질에 미치는 영향

임영애,이예경,김순동 동아시아식생활학회 2000 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.10 No.6

The effects of charcoal powder on fermentation of dough and quality of bread were investigated. Charcoal powder was added to wheat flour at concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20%. The fermentation time of dough with charcoal was reduced by 4~12 min compared with that of dough without charcoal. The loaf volume index of bread with 0.05% charcoal powder slightly increased. Bread with charcoal powder showed higher textural properties (strength, hardness, springness, gumminess, and brittleness) except for cohesiveness than bread without charcoal powder. Color L^(*) and b^(*) values and hue angle of the top crust decreased while a^(*) value increased with increasing charcoal concentrations. L^(*) and a^(*) values of the inside of bread decreased while hue angle increased with increasing charcoal concentrations. No significant difference in pleasant taste between bread with and without charcoal powder was observed. However, bread with 0.1% charcoal powder showed the highest scores for pleasant odor, color, and overall acceptability.