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c-Cbl-Mediated Neddylation Antagonizes Ubiquitination and Degradation of the TGF-β Type II Receptor
Zuo, W.,Huang, F.,Chiang, Y.,Li, M.,Du, J.,Ding, Y.,Zhang, T.,Lee, H.,Jeong, L.,Chen, Y.,Deng, H.,Feng, X.H.,Luo, S.,Gao, C.,Chen, Y.G. Cell Press 2013 Molecular cell Vol.49 No.3
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a potent antiproliferative factor in multiple types of cells. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling is associated with the development of many cancers, including leukemia, though the molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. Here, we show that Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), a known proto-oncogene encoding an ubiquitin E3 ligase, promotes TGF-β signaling by neddylating and stabilizing the type II receptor (TβRII). Knockout of c-Cbl decreases the TβRII protein level and desensitizes hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells to TGF-β stimulation, while c-Cbl overexpression stabilizes TβRII and sensitizes leukemia cells to TGF-β. c-Cbl conjugates neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8), a ubiquitin-like protein, to TβRII at Lys556 and Lys567. Neddylation of TβRII promotes its endocytosis to EEA1-positive early endosomes while preventing its endocytosis to caveolin-positive compartments, therefore inhibiting TβRII ubiquitination and degradation. We have also identified a neddylation-activity-defective c-Cbl mutation from leukemia patients, implying a link between aberrant TβRII neddylation and leukemia development.
Ha, J.K.,Lee, S.S.,Gao, Z.,Kim, C.-H.,Kim, S.W.,Ko, Jong Y.,Cheng, K.-J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.7
The effects of various concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFA; caprylic, capric and stearic acids) on the growth of the anaerobic fungus, Neocallimastix frontalis C5-1 isolated from the rumen of a Korean native goat were investigated. At higher concentrations of fatty acids (0.1%, w/v), the addition of SFA strongly decreased filter paper (FP) cellulose digestion and polysaccharide-degrading enzyme activity. The sensitivity of the rumen anaerobic fungus to the added fatty acids increased in the following order: caprylic ($C_{8:0}$)>capric($C_{10:0}$)>stearic($C_{18:0}$) acid, although stearic acid had no significant (p<0.05) inhibitory effects at any of the concentrations tested. However, the addition of SFA at lower concentrations (0.01 and 0.001% levels), did not inhibit FP cellulose degradation and enzyme activity. Furthermore, although these parameters were slightly stimulated by the addition of SFA, they were not statistically different from control values. This is the first report examining the effects of fatty acids on anaerobic gut fungi. We found that the lower levels of fatty acids used in this experiment were able to stimulate the growth and specific enzyme activities of rumen anaerobic fungi, whereas the higher levels of fatty acids were inhibitory with respect to fungal cellulolysis.
Detection of small-flaw in carbon brake disc (C-C) using air-coupled ultrasonic C-scan technique
Kwak, N. S.,Kim, J. Y.,Gao, J. C. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.18 No.7
<P>The purpose of this paper is to conduct the study on detection identification and assessment of internal defects for the C-C brake disc composite for aircrafts by applying non-contact air-coupled ultrasonic testing. The Non-contact Air-coupled Ultrasonic Testing (NAUT) used in this paper is the most advanced ultrasonic testing technique. It is a nondestructive testing that complements the energy loss occurred due to the acoustic impedance difference in the air with two transmitting/receiving non-contact ultrasonic probes and enables the non-contact ultrasonic testing through high-powered ultrasonic focusing by using high-frequency band ultrasonic Pulser- Receiver. In this paper, non-contact air-coupled ultrasonic detection experiment applied the Transmission Method and Reflection Method was conducted as follows; When detecting an internal defect of the carbon brake disc, we compared the C-scan results according to whether masking was applied to the side of the object to be detected, measured at the ultrasonic transmission frequencies of 340 kHz and 400 kHz respectively, to detect internal defects of the carbon brake disc through the measured C-scan images. In this way, we confirmed that there is a significant difference in the internal defect detection performance depending on the masking and the change in the ultrasonic transmission frequency value.</P>
Micropropagation of Cymbidium sinense using continuous and temporary airlift bioreactor systems
Gao, R.,Wu, S. Q.,Piao, X. C.,Park, S. Y.,Lian, M. L. POLISH ACADEMY SCIENCES WARSAW 2014 Acta physiologiae plantarum Vol.36 No.1
Airlift bioreactors were programmed for continuous and temporary immersion culture to investigate factors that affect the rhizome proliferation, shoot formation, and plantlet regeneration of Cymbidium sinense. During rhizome proliferation, the continuous immersion bioreactor system was used to explore the effects of activated charcoal (AC) in the culture medium, inoculation density, and air volume on rhizome differentiation and growth. The optimum conditions for obtaining massive health rhizomes were 0.3 g l(-1) AC in the culture medium, 7.5 g l(-1) inoculation density, and 150 ml min(-1) air. In addition, the temporary immersion bioreactor system was used for both shoot formation and plantlet regeneration. Supplementing 4 mg l(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.2 mg l(-1) naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) to the culture medium promoted shoot induction from the rhizome. Cutting the rhizome explants into 1 cm segments was better for massive shoot formation than cutting into 0.25 and 0.5 cm explant segments. NAA promoted plantlet regeneration and the rooting rate (94.7 %), with whole plantlets growing well in culture medium containing 1.0 mg l(-1) NAA. Therefore, applying bioreactors in C. sinense micropropagation is an efficient way for scaling up the production of propagules and whole plantlets for the industrial production of high-quality seedlings.
Y.C. Li,M.H. Li,M. Wang,L. Liu,X.J. Zhang,C.M. Qin,Y.F. Wang,C.B. Wu,L.N. Liu,J.C. Xu,B. J. Ding,X. D. Lin,B. J. Ding,X. D. Lin,J. F. Shan,F. K. Liu,Y. P. Zhao,T. Zhang,X. Gao 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.1
The suppression of high-intensity blob structures in the scrape-off layer (SOL) by ion-cyclotron range offrequencies (ICRF) power, leading to a decrease in the turbulent fluctuation level, is observed first in theExperimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) experiment. This suppression effect from ICRFpower injection is global in the whole SOL at EAST, i.e. blob structures both in the regions that aremagnetically connected to the active ICRF launcher and in the regions that are not connected to theactive ICRF launcher could be suppressed by ICRF power. However, more ICRF power is required to reachthe full blob structure suppression effect in the regions that are magnetically unconnected to the activelauncher than in the regions that are magnetically connected to the active launcher. Studies show that apossible reason for the blob suppression could be the enhanced Er B shear flow in the SOL, which issupported by the shaper radial gradient in the floating potential profiles sensed by the divertor probearrays with increasing ICRF power. The local RF wave power unabsorbed by the core plasma isresponsible for the modification of potential profiles in the SOL regions.
THE MEGAMASER COSMOLOGY PROJECT. IX. BLACK HOLE MASSES FOR THREE MASER GALAXIES
Gao, F.,Braatz, J. A.,Reid, M. J.,Condon, J. J.,Greene, J. E.,Henkel, C.,Impellizzeri, C. M. V.,Lo, K. Y.,Kuo, C. Y.,Pesce, D. W.,Wagner, J.,Zhao, W. American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.834 No.1
<P>As part of the Megamaser Cosmology Project, we present VLBI maps of nuclear water masers toward five galaxies. The masers originate in sub-parsec circumnuclear disks. For three of the galaxies, we fit Keplerian rotation curves to estimate their supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses, and determine (2.9 +/- 0.3) x 10(6)M(Theta) for J0437+2456, (1.7 +/- 0.1) x 10(7)M(Theta) for ESO 558-G009, and (1.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(7)M(Theta) for NGC 5495. In the other two galaxies, Mrk 1029 and NGC 1320, the geometry and dynamics are more complicated and preclude robust black hole mass estimates. Including our new results, we compiled a list of 15 VLBI-confirmed disk maser galaxies with robust SMBH mass measurements. With this sample, we confirm the empirical relation of R-out proportional to 0.3M(SMBH) reported in Wardle & Yusef-Zadeh. We also find a tentative correlation between maser disk outer radii and Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer luminosity. We find no correlations of maser disk size with X-ray 2-10 keV luminosity or [O III] luminosity.</P>
Y. C. Gao,X. T. Wang 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.8
Based on the density functional theory within the generalized-gradient approximation, the electronic structure and magnetic properties of CsAX2 (A = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba; X = N, and O) full- Heusler compounds have been studied. The spin-polarized calculations show that CsAN2/CsAO2 are newly designed d0 half-metals with an integer magnetic moment of 3 μB/1 μB in their ferrimagnetic ground states. Importantly, the strong spin-polarization of the p states of N and O atoms is found to be the origin of the magnetic moment and the half-metallicity. Also, the half-metallic gaps of CsAX2 are quite large, thus, the half-metallicity is robust against lattice distortion.
Y. C. Gao,Y. Zhang,X. T. Wang 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.6
By using the first-principles calculations, we have systematically investigated the phase stability,band gap, and electronic structures and magnetic properties of quaternary Heusler alloys FeMnScZ(Z = Al, Ga, In). We found that FeMnScZ (Z = Al, Ga, In) alloys are half-metallic ferrimagnetsat their equilibrium lattice constants and retain a high spin polarization over a quite wide rangeof lattice distortions. The half-metallic band gap in the FeMnScZ (Z = Al, Ga, In) alloys arisesfrom t1u-t2g splitting but not eu-t1u splitting. The total magnetic moments are 3 μB per unit cellfor FeMnScZ (Z = Al, Ga, In) alloys, following the Slater−Pauling rule with the total number ofvalence electrons minus 18 rather than 24. Moreover, all of these alloys have a negative formationenergy, which implies that they can be synthesized experimentally.
Y. C. Gao,X. T. Wang,H. Rozale,J. W. Lu 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.67 No.5
The electronic structures, magnetic properties and half-metallicity of Zr2VZ (Z = Al, Ga, In) bulk materials were investigated through first-principles calculations. Band structure calculations showed that Zr2VZ (Z = Al, Ga, In) alloys with an AlCu2Mn-type structure were conventional ferrimagnents. However, Zr2VZ (Z = Al, Ga, In) alloys with a CuHg2Ti-type structure were predicted to be half-metallic ferrimagnets that were quite robust against hydrostatic strain and tetragonal deformation. The total magnetic moment of the Zr2VZ (Z = Al, Ga, In) alloys with a CuHg2Ti-type structure was 2 μB per formula unit and followed the conventional Slater-Pauling rule: Mt = 18 − Zt. (Mt is the total magnetic moment per unit cell and Zt is the valence concentration) Furthermore, the origin of the band gap in the Zr2VZ (Z = Al, Ga, In) alloys was also well studied. All of these results indicate that these alloys, when they are successfully prepared, are good candidates for practical applications in spintronics.