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Wang Jinhuo,Han Yang,Ge Xiaohong,Qi Zhengbing,Zhao Jun,Wang Rongwen,Wu Huawei,Han Taiping,Sun Shaoxun,Wang Hui,Lin Jia,Liu Yuejun,Kong Xiangsong,Chen Qiming,Zeng Xiangxu 한국유변학회 2023 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.35 No.2
Optimisation design of composite structures requires an accurate predictive model for forming behaviour. The simulation process contains a number of model parameters which include transverse and longitudinal viscosities of continuous fibrereinforced viscous composites, fundamental to predicting the shear rheology. Shearing the unidirectional composite along the fibre direction gives a measure of the longitudinal viscosity (LV), whilst shearing across or transverse to the fibre direction gives a measure of the transverse viscosity (TV). Numerous experimental work was conducted in the past to measure these two viscosities for various materials. However, conflicting measurements by different test methods were obtained and these apparent discrepancies had not yet been systematically investigated in any single study. This paper reviews previous work on characterisation techniques to further understand the cause of such discrepancy, and hence to improve measurement accuracy, which would benefit future work on theoretical modelling of the composite viscosities and optimisation simulation of composites forming. Some important findings, such as effects of resin-rich areas, contributory factors of elastic effects, non-Newtonian behaviour for composites with Newtonian matrix, aspect ratio and end effects of test samples, geometry effects of fibres and fibre rearrangement during shearing, existence of a mathematical relationship between LV and TV and necessary benchmarking exercise using Newtonian matrix composites, were summarised.
Minghui Liu,Jiasheng Wang,Yingcen Liu,Rongwen Lu,Shufen Zhang 대한화학회 2019 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.40 No.10
We report the facile synthesis of small gold nanoparticles stabilized by carbon nanospheres (Au@C) for highly active and selective hydrogenation of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. The formation of such a Au@C unique structure can be attributed to the high distribution of Au(III) species in the melamine-formaldehyde resin nanospheres, which were formed via the coordination of Au(III) with the abundant imino groups of melamine-formaldehyde pre-polymer. After the subsequent condensation and confined in situ reduction, small gold nanoparticles, and carbon nanospheres were formed simultaneously. Under the reaction conditions of 80 °C and 1.6 MPa, 99.3% conversion and >99% selectivity were achieved for the hydrogenation of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde to 4-aminobenzaldehyde.