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Pawar, S.M.,Inamdar, A.I.,Pawar, B.S.,Gurav, K.V.,Shin, S.W.,Yanjun, Xiao,Kolekar, S.S.,Lee, Jung-Ho,Kim, Jin Hyeok,Im, Hyunsik Elsevier 2014 Materials Letters Vol.118 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnS<SUB>4</SUB> (CZTS) absorbers have been grown on Mo-coated glass substrates by the rapid thermal processing (RTP) sulfurization of stacked metallic precursor (CZT) films at different annealing temperatures ranging from 500 to 580°C for 5min in sulfur atmosphere. The effects of sulfurization temperature on the structural, morphological, chemical, and optical properties of the CZTS absorbers have been investigated. XRD and Raman studies reveal that the as-deposited stacked metallic precursor films consist of metal elements such as Zn, Sn and binary alloys such as Cu<SUB>6</SUB>Sn<SUB>5</SUB>, Cu<SUB>3</SUB>Sn and CuZn. The sulfurized CZTS absorber films have single phase polycrystalline kesterite crystal structure with dense morphology. At 580°C, the CZT metallic precursor film is fully sulfurized with Zn-rich and Sn-poor composition, and its bandgap energy is found to be 1.50eV. The solar cell fabricated with the CZTS absorber grown at an optimized sulfurization temperature of 580°C shows a conversion efficiency of ~5% for a 0.44cm<SUP>2</SUP> area with <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB>=561mV, <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB>=18.4mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, and <I>FF</I>=48.2.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Single phase Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnS<SUB>4</SUB> is synthesized by rapid thermal processing sulfurization. </LI> <LI> Higher annealing temperature improves the crystallinity of Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnS<SUB>4</SUB> absorber. </LI> <LI> Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnS<SUB>4</SUB> absorber is fully sulfurized at 580°C. </LI> <LI> A solar cell with a ~5% conversion efficiency is demonstrated. </LI> </UL> </P>
W. B. Xiao,F. Y. Hu,X. D. He,H. M. Zhang,H. M. Wu 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.11
The characteristics of a solar cell, the short-circuit current (Isc), the open-circuit voltage (Voc), the maximum power point (Vm, Im), the fill factor (FF) and the photoelectric conversion efficiency () under different illumination intensities and shading areas have been experimentally investigated. The work factor ! is given by ! = (1 − A/A0) × S/S0, where A0 is the total solar cell area, A the shading area, S0 the benchmark reference irradiation level, and S the new level of the irradiation, is introduced to take the light intensity and shading area into account. The results show that Isc and Im increase on an approximately linear increasing way with !, but Voc and Vm approach the saturation levels. The reason is that the current is a linear function of !, and the relationship of the voltage to ! is logarithmic. We also found Isc (Vm) to depend more on ! than Im (Voc). In addition, we observed that tended to increase linearly with !, but FF tended to converge to saturation. The reason for the behavior of is the reduction in the contact resistance and in the electron-hole recombination with increasing !. However, FF is mainly determined by Voc. The improvement in the solar cell performance with increasing ! results from an increase in the current, but not in the voltage or the fill factor.
EPIR effect of Cu2O films by electrochemical deposition
D.W. Shi,C.J. Luo,C.P. Yang,R. Yang,H.B. Xiao,K. Barner,V.V. Marchenkov 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.9
Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) films and Cu/Cu2O/Cu/FTO sandwich structures were prepared by electrochemical deposition on conductive FTO substrates with different pH value conditions but constant deposition potential. The phase composition, crystal structure and microstructure of the Cu2O films were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS as well as by ElectricePulseeInducedeResistance (EPIR) perturbation. In particular, the switching effects of the Cu/Cu2O/Cu/FTO device are examined in this work. The result shows that the EPIR-effect is large for the Cu/Cu2O/Cu/FTO device at room temperature and strongly related to the pH value of the solution. In both acidic and neutral conditions, for example at pH ¼ 5, 6 and 7, the EPIR effect is significant and decreases with increasing pH value. It disappears when the pH value goes further into the alkaline regime, i.e. pH ¼ 8, 9 and 10. Space charge barriers at the interface of electrode and Cu2O are used to explain the IeV characteristic of the layer structure and the EPIR-effect.
Improved delay-dependent stability criteria for T-S fuzzy systems with time-varying delay
Zeng, H.B.,Park, J.H.,Xia, J.W.,Xiao, S.P. Elsevier [etc.] 2014 Applied Mathematics and Computation Vol.235 No.-
This paper is concerned with the robust stability of uncertain T-S fuzzy systems with time-varying delay. A novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is established by employing the idea of combining delay-decomposition with state vector augmentation. Then, by employing some integral inequalities and the reciprocally convex approach, some less conservative delay-dependent stability criteria are obtained. The proposed stability conditions are formulated in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be solved efficiently with Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) solvers. Finally, four numerical examples are provided to show that the proposed conditions are less conservative than existing ones.