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Diffractive Liquid Crystal Displays
Tsvetkov, V.A. The Korean Infomation Display Society 2003 Journal of information display Vol.4 No.1
An overview of author activity in the area diffractive LCDs are given. The formation of colour spectrum DL CDs is made by switchable phase diffraction gratings created in a LC layer due to using of comb-like electrodes. The offered DLCDs functionate without polarizes, have high contrast and spectral of pure colours, broad viewing ngles. The existing production equipment can be adapted to manufacturing of DLCD without considerable alterations.
Nikolay, Tsvetkov,Larina, Liudmila,Shevaleevskiy, Oleg,Ahn, Byung Tae Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.4 No.4
<P>To improve the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) it is necessary to understand the electronic structure of the TiO<SUB>2</SUB>–dye–electrolyte interface in detail. A sturdy junction at the interface can be provided by modifying the electronic structure of the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> electrode with Nb doping. The Nb-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> was prepared by a sol–gel method followed by a hydrothermal treatment; the Nb content was varied from 0.5 to 3.0 mol%. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the Fermi level of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> electrode shifted away from the conduction band minimum (CBM) when the Nb content is low (≤1.5 mol%) and shifted toward the CBM when the Nb content is high (≥2.5 mol%). The shift of Fermi level with low Nb doping was due to the passivation of the oxygen vacancies at the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticle surface. Intraband states were formed when dopant content was 1.5 and 2.5 mol%. We have found that the photovoltaic parameters of DSSCs based on doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> sensitized with a <I>cis</I>-[Ru(dcbpyH)<SUB>2</SUB>(NCS)<SUB>2</SUB>](NBu<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>, N719 dye, are closely related to the electronic structure of the Nb-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> electrode. The changes of short circuit current and open circuit voltage of DSSCs were explained in relation to the electronic structure of the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> electrode. The best efficiency of 8.0% was demonstrated by DSSCs with 2.5 mol% Nb-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB>.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Lightly Nb-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> electrodes with improved electronic structure were fabricated and used as photoanodes for dye sensitized solar cells with increased performance. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0ee00678e'> </P>
Some properties of the extended sugeno integrals
R. Tsvetkov 장전수학회 2014 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.17 No.4
Some properties of the extended sugeno integrals
Seo, Jongsu,Tsvetkov, Nikolai,Jeong, Seung Jin,Yoo, Yeongeun,Ji, Sanghoon,Kim, Jeong Hwan,Kang, Jeung Ku,Jung, WooChul American Chemical Society 2020 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.12 No.4
<P>Solid oxide fuel cells produce electricity directly by oxidizing methane, which is the most attractive natural gas fuel, and metal nanocatalysts are a promising means of overcoming the poor catalytic activity of conventional ceramic electrodes. However, the lack of thermal and chemical stability of nanocatalysts is a major bottleneck in the effort to ensure the lifetime of metal-decorated electrodes for methane oxidation. Here, for the first time, this issue is addressed by encapsulating metal nanoparticles with gas-permeable inorganic shells. Pt particles approximately 10 nm in size are dispersed on the surface of a porous La<SUB>0.75</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.25</SUB>Cr<SUB>0.5</SUB>Mn<SUB>0.5</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (LSCM) electrode via wet infiltration and are then coated with an ultrathin Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> layer via atomic layer deposition. The Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> overcoat, despite being an insulator, significantly enhances the immunity to carbon coking and provides high activity for the electrochemical oxidation of methane, thereby reducing the reaction impedance of the Pt-decorated electrode by more than 2 orders of magnitude and making the electrode activity of the Pt-decorated sample at 650 °C comparable with those reported at 800 °C for pristine LSCM electrodes. These observations provide a new perspective on strategies to lower the operation temperature, which has long been a challenge related to hydrocarbon-fueled solid oxide fuel cells.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>