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Tans,P.P.,Dagvadorj,D.,Trolier,M.,Conway,T.J.,Wen,Y.,Dlugokencky,E.J.,Chung,Y.S.,Novelli,P.C. 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 1996 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.3
The measurements and subsequent conparison of CO_2, CH_4 and CO values at three East Asian and one Hawaiian site revaled that the annual and monthly mean concentrations at TQP in koren were the highest among other. The amplitude of seasonal variations including "noise" level mas also the highest at the TAP site. The cause of higher values at TAP was mainly due to its proximity to densely populated areas and to the influence of emission sources in East China. Presently, China is the top producet of coal in the world. In 1993 China consumed over 14 billion tons of fossil fuel including coal (~90%) and oil. Moreover, their annual growth rate of coal production is at least 10%. Therefore. the quantitave interpretation of differences in measured trace gases is important for the carbon budgets. The sites od UUM and QPC are located both in the upstream side of Pollution Monitoring Network (BAPMoN)". On the other hand. TAP is located at the eastern side of the Yellow Sea which is about 300-700 km from East China (across the Sea). TAP is in turn a suitable downstream site for the monitoring the atmospheric impact of regionally well-mixed emissions from China. With the prevailing westerlies in the mid-latitude, TAP is regarded as one of tactical sites for the monitoring of the regional and global carbon cycle.
Ryu, Jungho,Han, Guifang,Song, Tae Kwon,Welsh, Aaron,Trolier-McKinstry, Susan,Choi, Hongsoo,Lee, Jong-Pil,Kim, Jong-Woo,Yoon, Woon-Ha,Choi, Jong-Jin,Park, Dong-Soo,Ahn, Cheol-Woo,Priya, Shashank,Choi, American Chemical Society 2014 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.6 No.15
<P>Thick polycrystalline pure PbTiO<SUB>3</SUB> films with nano size grains were synthesized for the first time by aerosol deposition. Annealed 7 μm thick films exhibit well-saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops with a remanent polarization and coercive field of 35 μC/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 94 kV/cm, respectively. A large-signal effective <I>d</I><SUB>33,eff</SUB> value of >60 pm/V is achieved at room temperature. The measured ferroelectric transition temperature (<I>T</I><SUB>c</SUB>) of the films ∼550 °C is >50 °C higher than the reported values (∼490 °C) for PbTiO<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics. First-principles calculations combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and structural analysis indicate that the film is composed of nano size grains with slightly decreased tetragonality. There is no severe off-stoichiometry, but a high compressive in-plane residual stress was observed in the film along with a high transition temperature and piezoelectric response. The ferroelectric characteristics were sustained until 200 °C, providing significant advancement toward realizing high temperature piezoelectric materials.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2014/aamick.2014.6.issue-15/am5000307/production/images/medium/am-2014-000307_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am5000307'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>