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Consequence-based security for microreactors
Gateau Emile,Todreas Neil,Buongiorno Jacopo 한국원자력학회 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.3
Assuring physical security for Micro Modular Reactors (MMRs) will be key to their licensing. Economic constraints however require changes in how the security objectives are achieved for MMRs. A promising new approach is the so-called performance based (PB) approach wherein the regulator formally sets general security objectives and leaves it to the licensee to set their own specific acceptance criteria to meet those objectives. To implement the PB approach for MMRs, one performs a consequence-based analysis (CBA) whose objective is to study hypothetical malicious attacks on the facility, assuming that intruders take control of the facility and perform any technically possible action within a limited time before an offsite security force can respond. The scenario leading to the most severe radiological consequences is selected and studied to estimate the limiting impact on public health. The CBA estimates the total amount of radionuclides that would be released to the atmosphere in this hypothetical scenario to determine the total radiation dose to which the public would be exposed. The predicted radiation exposure dose is then compared to the regulatory dose limit for the site. This paper describes application of the CBA to four different MMRs technologies.
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Technology Selection for Offshore Underwater Small Modular Reactors
Koroush Shirvan,Ronald Ballinger,Jacopo Buongiorno,Charles Forsberg,Mujid Kazimi,Neil Todreas 한국원자력학회 2016 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.48 No.6
This work examines the most viable nuclear technology options for future underwaterdesigns that would meet high safety standards as well as good economic potential, forconstruction in the 2030-2040 timeframe. The top five concepts selected from a survey of 13 nuclear technologies were compared to a small modular pressurized water reactor(PWR) designed with a conventional layout. In order of smallest to largest primary systemsize where the reactor and all safety systems are contained, the top five designs were: (1) aleadebismuth fast reactor based on the Russian SVBR-100; (2) a novel organic cooledreactor; (3) an innovative superheated water reactor; (4) a boiling water reactor based onToshiba's LSBWR; and (5) an integral PWR featuring compact steam generators. A similarstudy on potential attractive power cycles was also performed. A condensing and recompressionsupercritical CO2 cycle and a compact steam Rankine cycle were designed. It wasfound that the hull size required by the reactor, safety systems and power cycle can besignificantly reduced (50-80%) with the top five designs compared to the conventionalPWR. Based on the qualitative economic consideration, the organic cooled reactor andboiling water reactor designs are expected to be the most cost effective options.
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