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Beta particle energy spectra shift due to self-attenuation effects in environmental sources
Thomas Theakston Alton,Stephen David Monk,David Cheneler 한국원자력학회 2017 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.49 No.7
In order to predict and control the environmental and health impacts of ionizing radiation in environmentalsources such as groundwater, it is necessary to identify the radionuclides present. Beta-emittingradionuclides are frequently identified by measuring their characteristic energy spectra. The presentwork shows that self-attenuation effects from volume sources result in a geometry-dependent shift inthe characteristic spectra, which needs to be taken into account in order to correctly identify the radionuclidespresent. These effects are shown to be compounded due to the subsequent shift in thephoton spectra produced by the detector, in this case an inorganic solid scintillator (CaF2:Eu) monitoredusing a silicon photomultiplier. Using tritiated water as an environmentally relevant, and notoriouslydifficult to monitor case study, analytical predictions for the shift in the energy spectra as a function ofdepth of source have been derived. These predictions have been validated using Geant4 simulations andexperimental results measured using bespoke instrumentation.