Staged development of long-lived T-cell receptor αβ T_H17 resident memory T-cell population to <i>Candida albicans</i> after skin infection

Park, Chang Ook,Fu, Xiujun,Jiang, Xiaodong,Pan, Youdong,Teague, Jessica E.,Collins, Nicholas,Tian, Tian,O'Malley, John T.,Emerson, Ryan O.,Kim, Ji Hye,Jung, Yookyung,Watanabe, Rei,Fuhlbrigge, Robert C Elsevier 2018 The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.142 No.2

<P><B>Background</B></P> <P> <I>Candida albicans</I> is a dimorphic fungus to which human subjects are exposed early in life, and by adulthood, it is part of the mycobiome of skin and other tissues. Neonatal skin lacks resident memory T (T<SUB>RM</SUB>) cells, but in adults the <I>C albicans</I> skin test is a surrogate for immunocompetence. Young adult mice raised under specific pathogen-free conditions are naive to <I>C albicans</I> and have been shown recently to have an immune system resembling that of neonatal human subjects.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>We studied the evolution of the adaptive cutaneous immune response to <I>Candida</I> species.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We examined both human skin T cells and the <I>de novo</I> and memory immune responses in a mouse model of <I>C albicans</I> skin infection.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In mice the initial IL-17–producing cells after <I>C albicans</I> infection were dermal γδ T cells, but by day 7, αβ T<SUB>H</SUB>17 effector T cells were predominant. By day 30, the majority of <I>C albicans</I>–reactive IL-17–producing T cells were CD4 T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells. Intravital microscopy showed that CD4 effector T cells were recruited to the site of primary infection and were highly motile 10 days after infection. Between 30 and 90 days after infection, these CD4 T cells became increasingly sessile, acquired expression of CD69 and CD103, and localized to the papillary dermis. These established T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells produced IL-17 on challenge, whereas motile migratory memory T cells did not. T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells rapidly clear an infectious challenge with <I>C albicans</I> more effectively than recirculating T cells, although both populations participate. We found that in normal human skin IL-17–producing CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells that responded to <I>C albicans</I> in an MHC class II–restricted fashion could be identified readily.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These studies demonstrate that <I>C albicans</I> infection of skin preferentially generates CD4<SUP>+</SUP> IL-17–producing T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells, which mediate durable protective immunity.</P>

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spiralis infections in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Korea

Kang, S.W.,Doan, H.T.T.,Noh, J.H.,Choe, S.E.,Yoo, M.S.,Kim, Y.H.,Reddy, K.E.,Nguyen, T.T.D.,Van Quyen, D.,Nguyen, L.T.K.,Kweon, C.H.,Jung, S.C. Elsevier 2013 Parasitology international Vol.62 No.6

Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spiralis are important zoonotic pathogens with worldwide distributions. In Korea, several outbreaks of human toxoplasmosis and trichinellosis due to the consumption of infected wild animals have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and T. spiralis infections in wild boars killed in Korea from December 2009 to October 2011. A total of 521 wild boars hunted in eight provinces were examined for antibodies to T. gondii and T. spiralis by using commercial ELISA kits. Overall, 25.1% of serum samples from individual boars were seropositive for T. gondii and 1.7% were seropositive for T. spiralis. Seropositive for T. gondii was found in the boars in all the eight provinces investigated and for T. spiralis in four provinces. This is the first report on the seroprevalence of T. gondii and T. spiralis infections in wild boars in Korea. The consumption of undercooked wild boar meat may expose humans to a high risk of infection.

한우 사골, 꼬리, 우족 및 잡뼈 추출물의 이화학적 특성

이진규(J. K. Lee),정지택(J. T. Jeong),최정석(J. S. Choi1),정명옥(M. O. Jung),최양일(Y. I. Choi) 충북대학교 동물생명과학연구소 2017 동물생명과학연구 Vol.9 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics of various bone extracts in Hanwoo cattle. The experimental materials are as follows; T1(Shank bone extract), T2(Tail extract), T3(Beef feet extract), and T4(The other bones extract). In the proximate composition, the T1 and T2 showed higher moisture and fat contents than those of T3 and T4(p<0.05), and the T3 had the highest protein content among the bone extracts(p<0.05). The quality properties including salinity, sugar content, turbidity and yellowness(b*) values were significantly higher in the T3 than the other bone extracts(p<0.05). However, the pH value of T3 was significantly lower than the other bone extracts. In the mineral contents, calcium contents of bone extracts were 36.33-48.57mg/kg, and the content of phosphorus was the lowest in T1(4.62mg/kg) and T2(19.88mg/kg) was the highest(p<0.05). Contents of sodium and potassium were the highest in T3(215.83mg/kg) and T2(54.59mg/kg), while the content of magnesium was the lowest in T3(12.28mg/kg). In conclusion, these results could be suggested to be the basis information for processed meat extract products industry in korea using Hanwoo bone extract.

T-Type Calcium Channels Are Required to Maintain Viability of Neural Progenitor Cells

Kim, Ji-Woon,Oh, Hyun Ah,Lee, Sung Hoon,Kim, Ki Chan,Eun, Pyung Hwa,Ko, Mee Jung,Gonzales, Edson Luck T.,Seung, Hana,Kim, Seonmin,Bahn, Geon Ho,Shin, Chan Young The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.5

T-type calcium channels are low voltage-activated calcium channels that evoke small and transient calcium currents. Recently, T-type calcium channels have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and neural tube defects. However, their function during embryonic development is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function and expression of T-type calcium channels in embryonic neural progenitor cells (NPCs). First, we compared the expression of T-type calcium channel subtypes (CaV3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) in NPCs and differentiated neural cells (neurons and astrocytes). We detected all subtypes in neurons but not in astrocytes. In NPCs, CaV3.1 was the dominant subtype, whereas CaV3.2 was weakly expressed, and CaV3.3 was not detected. Next, we determined CaV3.1 expression levels in the cortex during early brain development. Expression levels of CaV3.1 in the embryonic period were transiently decreased during the perinatal period and increased at postnatal day 11. We then pharmacologically blocked T-type calcium channels to determine the effects in neuronal cells. The blockade of T-type calcium channels reduced cell viability, and induced apoptotic cell death in NPCs but not in differentiated astrocytes. Furthermore, blocking T-type calcium channels rapidly reduced AKT-phosphorylation (Ser473) and $GSK3{\beta}$-phosphorylation (Ser9). Our results suggest that T-type calcium channels play essential roles in maintaining NPC viability, and T-type calcium channel blockers are toxic to embryonic neural cells, and may potentially be responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders.

T-Type Calcium Channels Are Required to Maintain Viability of Neural Progenitor Cells

( Ji-woon Kim ),( Hyun Ah Oh ),( Sung Hoon Lee ),( Ki Chan Kim ),( Pyung Hwa Eun ),( Mee Jung Ko ),( Edson Luck T. Gonzales ),( Hana Seung ),( Seonmin Kim ),( Geon Ho Bahn ),( Chan Young Shin ) 한국응용약물학회 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.5

T-type calcium channels are low voltage-activated calcium channels that evoke small and transient calcium currents. Recently, T-type calcium channels have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and neural tube defects. However, their function during embryonic development is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function and expression of T-type calcium channels in embryonic neural progenitor cells (NPCs). First, we compared the expression of T-type calcium channel subtypes (CaV3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) in NPCs and differentiated neural cells (neurons and astrocytes). We detected all subtypes in neurons but not in astrocytes. In NPCs, CaV3.1 was the dominant subtype, whereas CaV3.2 was weakly expressed, and CaV3.3 was not detected. Next, we determined CaV3.1 expression levels in the cortex during early brain development. Expression levels of CaV3.1 in the embryonic period were transiently decreased during the perinatal period and increased at postnatal day 11. We then pharmacologically blocked T-type calcium channels to determine the effects in neuronal cells. The blockade of T-type calcium channels reduced cell viability, and induced apoptotic cell death in NPCs but not in differentiated astrocytes. Furthermore, blocking T-type calcium channels rapidly reduced AKT-phosphorylation (Ser473) and GSK3β-phosphorylation (Ser9). Our results suggest that T-type calcium channels play essential roles in maintaining NPC viability, and T-type calcium channel blockers are toxic to embryonic neural cells, and may potentially be responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders.

First-to-second-order magnetic-phase transformation in La_0.7Ca_0.3-xBa_xMnO₃ exhibiting large magnetocaloric effect

Phan, T.L.,Dang, N.T.,Ho, T.A.,Manh, T.V.,Thanh, T.D.,Jung, C.U.,Lee, B.W.,Le, A.T.,Phan, A.D.,Yu, S.C. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Journal of alloys and compounds Vol.657 No.-

We have prepared polycrystalline samples La<SUB>0.7</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.3-x</SUB>Ba<SUB>x</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB> (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1) by solid-state reaction, and then studied their magnetic properties and magnetocaloric (MC) effect based on magnetization versus temperature and magnetic-field (M-H-T) measurements. Experimental results reveal the easiness in tuning the Curie temperature (T<SUB>C</SUB>) from 260 to about 300 K by increasing Ba-doping concentration (x) from 0 to 0.1. Under an applied field H = 50 kOe, maximum magnetic-entropy changes around T<SUB>C</SUB> of the samples can be tuned in the range between 6 and 11 J kg<SUP>-1</SUP> K<SUP>-1</SUP>, corresponding to refrigerant-capacity values ranging from 190 to 250 J kg<SUP>-1</SUP>. These values are comparable to those of some conventional MC materials, and reveal the applicability of La<SUB>0.7</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.3-x</SUB>Ba<SUB>x</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB> materials in magnetic refrigeration. Analyses of the critical behavior based on the Banerjee criteria, Arrott plots and scaling hypothesis for M-H-T data prove a magnetic-phase separation when Ba-doping concentration changes. In the doping region x = 0.05-0.075, the samples exhibits the crossover of first- and second-order phase transitions with the values of critical exponents β and γ close to those expected for the tricritical mean-field theory. The samples with x < 0.05 and x > 0.075 exhibit first- and second-order transitions, respectively. More detailed analyses related to the Griffiths singularity, the critical behavior for different magnetic-field intervals started from 10 kOe, and the magnetic-ordering parameter n = dLn|ΔS<SUB>m</SUB>|/dLnH (where ΔS<SUB>m</SUB> is the magnetic-entropy change) demonstrate magnetic inhomogeneities and multicritical phenomena existing in the samples.

한국 밀식사과원의 정지전정에 따른 수체생장과 생산성 및 경영효율 비교

정혜웅,김경훈,송태영,홍성일,한호균,김귀권,신종협,여덕환,김병철,박준권,Jung, H.W.,Kim, K.H.,Song, T.Y.,Hong, S.I.,Han, H.K.,Kim, K.K.,Shin, J.H.,Yeo, D.H.,Kim, B.C.,Park, J.K. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2017 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.19 No.1

The present study conducted a comparison on tree growth and productivity of high-density apple orchards by several orchard management systems: making scaffolds by heading-back and thinning out pruning (T-1), maintaining scaffolds upward and bearing shoots downward (T-2), managing branches slightly upward without heading-back (T-3), keeping leaders downward and shoots pending (T-4), maintaining leaders high and branches horizontal with severe pinching (T-5), making leaders with lower branches vigorous and upper shoots pending (T-6), and controlling very high planting density with bending branches (T-7). In conclusion, the orchards of (T-5) and (T-6) management systems showed a superior performance in controlling tree growth, productivity, and quality of fruits. Also, superior management efficiency was obtained in the orchards of (T-5) and (T-6).

Ursolic acid isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla activates human dendritic cells via TLR2 and/or TLR4 and induces the production of IFN-γ by CD4+ naive T cells

Jung, T.Y.,Pham, T.N.N.,Umeyama, A.,Shoji, N.,Hashimoto, T.,Lee, J.J.,Takei, M. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2010 european journal of pharmacology Vol.643 No.2

Ursolic acid is triterpene isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla and is a pharmacologically active substance. The induction of dendritic cell maturation is critical for the induction of Ag-specific T-lymphocyte response and may be essential for the development of human vaccine relying on T cell immunity. In this study, we investigated that the effect of Ursolic acid on the phenotypic and functional maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro. Dendritic cells harvested on day 8 were examined using functional assay. The expression levels of CD1a, CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR and CCR7 on Ursolic acid-primed dendritic cells was slightly enhanced. Ursolic acid dose-dependently enhanced the T cell stimulatory capacity in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, as measured by T cell proliferation. The production of IL-12p70 induced by Ursolic acid-primed dendritic cells was inhibited by the anti-Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) mAb and anti-TLR4 mAb. Moreover, Ursolic acid-primed dendritic cells expressed levels of mRNA coding for both TLR2 and TLR4. The majority of cells produced considerable interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), but also small amounts of interleukin (IL-4)-4. Ursolic acid-primed dendritic cells have an intermediate migratory capacity towards CCL19 and CCL21. These results suggest that Ursolic acid modulates human dendritic cells function in a fashion that favors Th1 polarization via the activation of IL-12p70 dependent on TLR2 and/or TLR4, and may be used on dendritic cells-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.

Characteristics of critical current and index n of Bi-2223/Ag tape up to 30 T at 4.2 K

Kim, Jung Ho,Joo, Jinho,Choi, Seyong,Nah, W.,Ha, Dong-Woo,Ha, Hong-Soo,Matsumoto, A.,Kumakura, H.,Koizumi, T.,Sugano, M.,Kiyoshi, T. IEEE 2005 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.15 No.2

We fabricated 55-filament Bi-2223/Ag tape and evaluated the dependence of critical current (I<SUB>c</SUB>) and index n in an external magnetic field up to 30 T at 4.2 K, in order to explore the possible application for a magnet in persistent current mode. I<SUB>c</SUB> and index n were characterized as a function of temperature and the magnitude and orientation of the magnetic field by increasing and decreasing field. It was observed that I<SUB>c</SUB> was dependent on the magnitude and orientation of the magnetic field. The I<SUB>c</SUB> decreased exponentially as the field increased; in a parallel and increasing field, I<SUB>c</SUB> was 128 A at 30 T, which is approximately 40% of the I<SUB>c</SUB> in self-field. On the other hand, index n was not significantly dependent on the field up to 30 T, nor did it vary significantly on increasing or decreasing field; the n value in the range of 0.1∼1 μV/cm was 23.0±5.2 and 27.8±8.0 on increasing and decreasing field, respectively, in the range of 0∼30 T. In addition, we observed that local I<SUB>c</SUB> and index n of a long length of tape (4.2 m) were dispersed over a wide range and that the variation of each of these two values with the position of the tape was similar, suggesting that these properties depend on the microstructural uniformity.

사료급여방법이 제주재래마의 체성장 및 도체품질에 미치는 영향

오운용(W . Y . Oh),강태홍(T . H . Kang),김동철(D . C . Kim),진신흠(S . H . Jin),홍성귀(S . K . Hong),양승주(S . J . Yang),정재홍(J . H . Jung) 한국축산학회 1993 한국축산학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Nine Cheju Native Horses with an average weight of 169.2㎏ were used in a 238-d (34-wk) fattening trial designed to evaluate the effects of feeding method on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Horses were randomly alloted to three treatment groups: T₁ 6-wk (Former fattening period: FFP) + 28-wk (Latter fattening period: LFP), T₂, 9-wk (FFP) + 25-wk (LFP), T₃, 12-wk (FFP) + 22-wk (LFP). During the FFP, concentrate was restricted at approximately l.5% of their body weights but horses were allowed ad libitum access to concentrate during the subsequent LFP. The horses were individually penned in 2.5-m×3-m pipe stalls with front feeding gates. They were allowed 3 h of exercise in a pen (50-m×30-m) outside the barn monthly. Horses were weighed at 30-d intervals and feed consumption was measured daily. At the end of the 238-d fattening period, one horse in each treatment was selected randomly and slaughtered for meat quality evaluation. Results obtained from the present study were summarized as follows; during the overall fattening period, average daily gains (ADG) and nutrient intake (TDN) per ㎏ wt, gain were 0.59, 5.10(T₁), 0.51, 5.84(T₂) and 0.43, 6.37㎏(T₂), respectively. When horses were allowed ad libitum access to concentrate for 28 wk(T₁), ADG and feed efficiency(TDN) were improved by 37%(P$gt;.05) and20%(P$gt;.05)compared to those allowed concentrate free choice for 22 wk(T₃). Horse in T, group had an improved dressing percentage and carcass weight with good quality grades(intramuscular fat, meat color, fat color). Taste panelists(150 amateures) detected no difference from longissimus lumborum steaks between Cheju Native Horse and improved Cheju Native Cattle, but found juiciness and meat flavor were superior to those of beef.