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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : T. D. DURBIN (검색결과 5 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
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MEASUREMENT OF OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY FOR NONROAD DIESEL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
T. HUAI,S.D. SHAH,T.D. DURBIN J.M. NORBECK 한국자동차공학회 2005 International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.4
In order to better quantify the contribution from nonroad sources to emission inventories, it is important to understand not only the emissions rates of these engines but also activity patterns that can be used to accurately portray their in-use operation. To date, however, very little information is available on the actual activity patterns of nonroad equipment. In this study, a total of 18 pieces of nonroad equipment were instrumented with collected data including intake manifold air pressure (MAP), exhaust temperature and, on a subset of vehicles, engine rpm and throttle position. The equipment included backhoes, compactors, dozers, motor graders, loaders and scrappers used in applications such as landfilling, street maintenance and general roadwork. The activity patterns varied considerably depending on the type of equipment and the application. Daily equipment operating time ranged from less than 30 minutes to more than 8 hours, with landfill equipment having the highest daily use. The number of engine starts per day ranged from 3?11 over the fleet with an average of 5 starts per day. The average percent idle time for the fleet was approximately 25% with a range from 11 to 65% for individual pieces of equipment. Duty cycles based on exhaust temperature/throttle position profiles were also developed for two graders and one dozer.
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MEASUREMENT OF OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY FOR NONROAD DIESEL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
HUAI T.,SHAH S. D.,DURBIN T. D.,NORBECK J. M. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2005 International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.4
In order to better quantify the contribution from nonroad sources to emission inventories, it is important to understand not only the emissions rates of these engines but also activity patterns that can be used to accurately portray their in-use operation. To date, however, very little information is available on the actual activity patterns of nonroad equipment. In this study, a total of 18 pieces of nonroad equipment were instrumented with collected data including intake manifold air pressure (MAP), exhaust temperature and, on a subset of vehicles, engine rpm and throttle position. The equipment included backhoes, compactors, dozers, motor graders, loaders and scrappers used in applications such as landfilling, street maintenance and general roadwork. The activity patterns varied considerably depending on the type of equipment and the application. Daily equipment operating time ranged from less than 30 minutes to more than 8 hours, with landfill equipment having the highest daily use. The number of engine starts per day ranged from 3-11 lover the fleet with an average of 5 starts per day. The average percent idle time for the fleet was approximately $25\%$ with a range from 11 to $65\%$ for individual pieces of equipment. Duty cycles based on exhaust temperature/throttle position profiles were also developed for two graders and one dozer.
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T. HUAI,T. D. DURBIN,S. H. RHEE,J. M. NORBECK 한국자동차공학회 2003 International journal of automotive technology Vol.4 No.1
Exhaust emissions were characterized for a fleet of 10 alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVs) including 5 compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles, 3 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles and 2 85% methano1/15% Califrnia Phase 2 gasoline (M85) vehicles. In addition to the standard regulated emissions and detailed speciation of organic gas compounds. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure ammonia (NH₃) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. NH₃ emissions averaged 0.124 g/mi for the vehicle fleet with a range from <0.004 to 0.540 g/mi. N₂O emissions averaged 0.022 g/mi over the vehicle fleet with range from <0.002 to 0.077 g/mi. Modal emissions showed that both NH₃ and N₂O emissions began during catalyst light-off and continued as the catalyst reached its operating temperature. N₂O emissions primarily were farmed during the initial stages of catalyst light-off. Detailed speciation measurements showed that the principal component of the fuel was also the primary organic gas species found in the exhaust. In particular, methane. propane and methanol composed on average 93%. 79%. and 75% of the organic gas emissions. respectively. for the CNG. LPG. and M85 vehicles.<br/>
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Huai, T.,Durbin, T.-D.,Rhee, S.-H.,Norbeck, J.-M. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2003 International journal of automotive technology Vol.4 No.1
Exhaust emissions were characterized for a fleet of 10 alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVx) including 5 compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. 3 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles and 2 85% methanol/15% California Phase 2 gasoline (M85) vehicles. In addition to the standard regulated emissions and detailed speciation of organic gas compounds, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure ammonia (NH$_3$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2$O) emissions. NH$_3$, emissions averaged 0.124 g/mi for the vehicle fleet with a range from <0.004 to 0.540 g/mi. $N_2$O emissions averaged 0.022 g/mi over the vehicle fleet with range from <0.002 to 0.077 g/mi. Modal emissions showed that both NH$_3$, and $N_2$O emissions began during catalyst light-off and continued as the catalyst reached its operating temperature. $N_2$O emissions primarily were formed during the initial stages of catalyst light-off. Detailed speciation measurements showed that the principal component of the fuel was also the primary organic gas species found in the exhaust. In particular, methane, propane and methanol composed on average 93%, 79%, and 75% of the organic gas emissions, respectively, for the CNG, LPG. and M85 vehicles.
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Hasegawa, K.,Yoshikawa, A.,Durbin, S.D.,Epellbaum, B.M.,Fukuda, T.,Waku, Y. The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 1999 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.9 No.4
Fiber growth of $Al_{2}O_{3}/R-Al-O$ (R = Y, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er) eutectic by the micro-pulling down method is described. The thermal stability and strength at elevated temperature of each materials is evaluated in relation to the microstructure.
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