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Swami H.L.,Vala S.,Abhangi M.,Kumar Ratnesh,Danani C.,Kumar R.,Srinivasan R. 한국원자력학회 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.8
The 14 MeV neutron generator facility is being developed by the Institute for Plasma Research India to conduct the lab scale experiments related to Indian breeding blanket system for ITER and DEMO. It will also be utilized for material testing, shielding experiments and development of fusion diagnostics. Occupational radiation exposure control is necessary for the all kind of nuclear facilities to get the operational licensing from governing authorities and nuclear regulatory bodies. In the same way, the radiation exposure for the 14 MeV neutron generator facility at the occupational worker area and accessible zones for general workers should be under the permissible limit of AERB India. The generator is designed for the yield of 1012 n/s. The shielding assessment has been made to estimate the radiation dose during the operational time of the neutron generator. The facility has many utilities and constraints like ventilation ducts, accessible doors, accessibility of neutron generator components and to conduct the experiments which make the shielding assessment challenging to provide proper safety for occupational workers and the general public. The neutron and gamma dose rates have been estimated using the MCNP radiation transport code and ENDF eVII nuclear data libraries. The ICRP-74 fluence to dose conversion coefficients has been used for the assessment. The annual radiation exposure has been assessed by considering 500 h per year operational time. The provision of local shield near to neutron generator has been also evaluated to reduce the annual radiation doses. The comprehensive results of radiation shielding capability of neutron generator building and local shield design have been presented in the paper along with detailed maps of radiation field
Thermoelastic bending analysis of laminated plates subjected to linear and nonlinear thermal loads
Swami, Sandhya K.,Ghugal, Yuwaraj M. Techno-Press 2021 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.8 No.3
The paper presents the analytical solutions for thick orthotropic laminated plates using trignometric shear deformation theory. The effects transverse shear and transverse normal strains are included with linear and nonlinear thermal loads. The displacement field of the theory includes the trigonometric functions in thickness coordinate of plate to account for these effects. The displacement field enforces to give the realistic variation of shear stresses across the thickness of plate and thus obviates the need of shear correction factor. The main novelty of the present study is the inclusion of thickness stretching effect in the theory. Another novelty is the application of nonlinear thermal profile consistent with the displacement field of the theory. The principle of virtual work is used to obtain the governing equations and boundary conditions. Simply supported laminated square plates are considered for numerical study to evaluate thermoelastic response. The results obtained by present theory with thickness stretching effect are compared with other refined theories disregarding this effect. It is observed that the results of present theory deviate significantly from the results of other higher order shear deformation theories for antisymmetric crossply laminated plates. The results of symmetric cross-ply laminated plates subjected to linear sinusoidal thermal load are in close agreement with those of exact theory, which validates the accuracy of present shear and normal deformation theory.
Swamy, Shanmugam Thirumalai,Radha, Chandrasekaran Anu,Kathirvel, Murugesan,Arun, Gandhi,Subramanian, Shanmuga Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) based volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for locally advanced left sided breast cancer patients undergoing radical mastectomy. DIBH immobilizes the tumor bed providing dosimetric benefits over free breathing (FB). Materials and Methods: Ten left sided post mastectomy patients were immobilized in a supine position with both the arms lifted above the head on a hemi-body vaclock. Two thermoplastic masks were prepared for each patient, one for normal free breathing and a second made with breath-hold to maintain reproducibility. DIBH CT scans were performed in the prospective mode of the Varian real time position management (RPM) system. The planning target volume (PTV) included the left chest wall and supraclavicular nodes and PTV prescription dose was 5000cGy in 25 fractions. DIBH-3DCRT planning was performed with the single iso-centre technique using a 6MV photon beam and the field-in-field technique. VMAT plans for FB and DIBH contained two partial arcs ($179^{\circ}-300^{\circ}CCW/CW$). Dose volume histograms of PTV and OAR's were analyzed for DIBH-VMAT, FB-VMAT and DIBH-3DCRT. In DIBH mode daily orthogonal ($0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$) KV images were taken to determine the setup variability and weekly twice CBCT to verify gating threshold level reproducibility. Results: DIBH-VMAT reduced the lung and heart dose compared to FB-VMAT, while maintaining similar PTV coverage. The mean heart $V_{30Gy}$ was $2.3%{\pm}2.7$, $5.1%{\pm}3.2$ and $3.3%{\pm}7.2$ and for left lung $V_{20Gy}$ was $18.57%{\pm}2.9$, $21.7%{\pm}3.9$ and $23.5%{\pm}5.1$ for DIBH-VMAT, FB-VMAT and DIBH-3DCRT respectively. Conclusions: DIBH-VMAT significantly reduced the heart and lung dose for left side chest wall patients compared to FB-VMAT. PTV conformity index, homogeneity index, ipsilateral lung dose and heart dose were better for DIBH-VMAT compared to DIBH-3DCRT. However, contralateral lung and breast volumes exposed to low doses were increased with DIBH-VMAT.
Swamy, K. C. Narayana,Devaiah, M. C.,Govindan, R. 한국잠사학회 1993 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.35 No.1
Adding a non-fluorescent dye, Rhodamine-B, to the adult diet of uzi fly, Exorista bombycis(Louis) has shown to be a useful method for making the eggs for flight range experiments. The method is timesaving and the dye is safe to handle and the marked eggs are easy to detect. Flies fed on the diet added with dye did not have much negative effect on adult mortality and fecundity, but egg hatchability was affected.
Swamy, K.M.K.,Eom, Sewon,Liu, Yifan,Kim, Gyoungmi,Lee, Dayoung,Yoon, Juyoung Elsevier 2019 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.281 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>ATP functions as an energy source in all living things and it also plays key roles in a variety of important biological processes. Moreover, low levels of ATP are indicators of cardiovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease and ischemia. As a result, the development of fluorescent probes that detect ATP selectively is a significant goal. In the current study, we synthesized two new rhodamine derivatives, <B>1</B> and <B>2</B>, bearing thiourea groups, and assessed their abilities to serve as selective fluorescent and colorimetric probes for ATP. Thiourea groups were incorporated in <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> to act as hydrogen bonding donors to recognize tris-phosphate groups and induce photophysical property changing, spirocyclic ring opening. Indeed, we observed that solutions of these probes undergo a large fluorescent enhancement at 590 nm and a distinct colorimetric change from colorless to dark pink upon addition of ATP. Moreover, these probes can be used to image ATP in HeLa cells. Because it was found to locate mainly in mitochondria, <B>2</B> can be employed to image ATP in mitochondria. On the other hand, probe <B>1</B>, bearing a lysosome directing morpholine group displays moderately selective localization in lysosomes and can be utilized to image ATP in lysosomes. Furthermore, both probes were shown to have extremely low cytotoxicities by using MTT assays.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Rhodamine-thiourea based probe <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> were synthesized and reported as fluorescent probes for ATP. </LI> <LI> Probe <B>2</B> could successfully image ATP in mitochondria. </LI> <LI> Probe <B>1</B> containing morpholine could successfully monitor ATP in lysosome. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Swamy, K. M. K.,Kim, Ha Na,Soh, Jung Huyn,Kim, Youngmee,Kim, Sung-Jin,Yoon, Juyoung Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Chemical communications Vol.2009 No.10
<P>Three structurally similar compounds, 1–3, bearing a fluorescence chromophore to which are appended morpholine, thiomorpholine and methylpiperazine substituents, display opposite fluorescence responses to pH changes, in contrast to that observed for fluorescein; 1 and 2 have extremely high binding selectivity towards Ag<SUP>+</SUP> ions and show completely different fluorescent and colorimetric changes upon addition of Ag<SUP>+</SUP>, and the differences are proposed to be associated with different binding modes of 1 and 2 to this metal ion.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Three new fluorescein derivatives were synthesized and their fluorescent responses to pH and silver ions are described. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b819538b'> </P>
Swamy, Shanmugam Thirumalai,Radha, Chandrasekaran Anu,Arun, Gandhi,Kathirvel, Murugesan,Subramanian, Sai Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the dosimetric and clinical feasibility of volumetric modulated arc based hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (RapidArc) treatment for large acoustic schwannoma (AS >10cc). Materials and Methods: Ten AS patients were immobilized using BrainLab mask. They were subject to multimodality imaging (magnetic resonance and computed tomography) to contour target and organs at risk (brainstem and cochlea). Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) based stereotactic plans were optimized in Eclipse (V11) treatment planning system (TPS) using progressive resolution optimizer-III and final dose calculations were performed using analytical anisotropic algorithm with 1.5 mm grid resolution. All AS presented in this study were treated with VMAT based HSRT to a total dose of 25Gy in 5 fractions (5fractions/week). VMAT plan contains 2-4 non-coplanar arcs. Treatment planning was performed to achieve at least 99% of PTV volume (D99) receives 100% of prescription dose (25Gy), while dose to OAR's were kept below the tolerance limits. Dose-volume histograms (DVH) were analyzed to assess plan quality. Treatments were delivered using upgraded 6 MV un-flattened photon beam (FFF) from Clinac-iX machine. Extensive pretreatment quality assurance measurements were carried out to report on quality of delivery. Point dosimetry was performed using three different detectors, which includes CC13 ion-chamber, Exradin A14 ion-chamber and Exradin W1 plastic scintillator detector (PSD) which have measuring volume of $0.13cm^3$, $0.009cm^3$ and $0.002cm^3$ respectively. Results: Average PTV volume of AS was 11.3cc (${\pm}4.8$), and located in eloquent areas. VMAT plans provided complete PTV coverage with average conformity index of 1.06 (${\pm}0.05$). OAR's dose were kept below tolerance limit recommend by American Association of Physicist in Medicine task group-101(brainstem $V_{0.5cc}$ < 23Gy, cochlea maximum < 25Gy and Optic pathway <25Gy). PSD resulted in superior dosimetric accuracy compared with other two detectors (p=0.021 for PSD.