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Nasal Cavity Metastasis From Colorectal Cancer Represents End-Stage Disease and Should Be Palliated
Stephen Hwang,Dedrick Kok Hong Chan,Fredrik Petersson,Ker-Kan Tan 대한대장항문학회 2020 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.36 No.2
Nasal metastases from colorectal cancer is rare. The presentation of nasal metastases is often very similar to primary nasal sinus adenocarcinoma. A high index of suspicion is required, especially in patients who have had a previous history of colorectal carcinoma. Histology is ultimately required for diagnosis. We describe 2 cases of nasal metastases from colorectal carcinoma, and discuss the presentation, diagnosis and management of the case. Such metastatic disease ultimately represents end-stage malignancy, and patients should be palliated.
Hwang, Ho Seong,Serjeant, Stephen,Lee, Myung Gyoon,Lee, Kang Hwan,White, Glenn J. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.375 No.1
<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>We present a result of cross-correlating the <I>Infrared Astronomical Satellite</I> Faint Source Catalogue with the spectroscopic catalogues of galaxies in the Fourth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the Final Data Release of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) and the Second Data Release of the 6dF Galaxy Survey. We have identified 324 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) including 190 newly discovered ULIRGs, and two hyperluminous infrared galaxies. Adding these new ULIRGs, we increase the number of known ULIRGs by about 30 per cent. The reliability of the cross-correlation is estimated using the likelihood ratio method. The incompleteness of our sample introduced by the identification procedure in this study is estimated to be about 5 per cent. Our sample covers the redshift range of <I>z</I>= 0.037–0.517 with a median redshift of <IMG SRC='http://mnras.oxfordjournals.org/content/375/1/115/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif'/>, which is larger than that <IMG SRC='http://mnras.oxfordjournals.org/content/375/1/115/embed/inline-graphic-2.gif'/> of the sample of previously known ULIRGs.</P>
Soonjo Hwang,Harma Meffert,Michelle R. VanTieghem,Stuart F. White,Stephen Sinclair,Susan Y. Bookheimer,James Blair 대한정신약물학회 2017 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.15 No.4
Objective: In the current study we investigated neurodevelopmental changes in response to social and non-social reinforcement. Methods: Fifty-three healthy participants including 16 early adolescents (age, 10-15 years), 16 late adolescents (age, 15-18 years), and 21 young adults (age, 21-25 years) completed a social/non-social reward learning task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants responded to fractal image stimuli and received social or non-social reward/non-rewards according to their accuracy. ANOVAs were conducted on both the blood oxygen level dependent response data and the product of a context-dependent psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analysis involving ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and bilateral insula cortices as seed regions. Results: Early adolescents showed significantly increased activation in the amygdala and anterior insula cortex in response to non-social monetary rewards relative to both social reward/non-reward and monetary non-rewards compared to late adolescents and young adults. In addition, early adolescents showed significantly more positive connectivity between the vmPFC/bilateral insula cortices seeds and other regions implicated in reinforcement processing (the amygdala, posterior cingulate cortex, insula cortex, and lentiform nucleus) in response to non-reward and especially social non-reward, compared to late adolescents and young adults. Conclusion: It appears that early adolescence may be marked by: (i) a selective increase in responsiveness to non-social, relative to social, rewards; and (ii) enhanced, integrated functioning of reinforcement circuitry for non-reward, and in particular, with respect to posterior cingulate and insula cortices, for social non-reward.
Soonjo Hwang,Harma Meffert,Michelle R. VanTieghem,Stephen Sinclair,Susan Y. Bookheimer,Brigette Vaughan,R. J. R. Blair 대한정신약물학회 2018 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.16 No.4
Objective: Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) work has revealed that children/adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) show dysfunctional reward/non-reward processing of non-social reinforcements in the context of instrumental learning tasks. Neural responsiveness to social reinforcements during instrumental learning, despite the importance of this for socialization, has not yet been previously investigated. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy children/adolescents and 19 children/adolescents with DBDs performed the fMRI social/ non-social reinforcement learning task. Participants responded to random fractal image stimuli and received social and non-social rewards/non-rewards according to their accuracy. Results: Children/adolescents with DBDs showed significantly reduced responses within the caudate and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) to non-social (financial) rewards and social non-rewards (the distress of others). Connectivity analyses revealed that children/adolescents with DBDs have decreased positive functional connectivity between the ventral striatum (VST) and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) seeds and the lateral frontal cortex in response to reward relative to non-reward, irrespective of its sociality. In addition, they showed decreased positive connectivity between the vmPFC seed and the amygdala in response to non-reward relative to reward. Conclusion: These data indicate compromised reinforcement processing of both non-social rewards and social non-rewards in children/adolescents with DBDs within core regions for instrumental learning and reinforcement-based decision- making (caudate and PCC). In addition, children/adolescents with DBDs show dysfunctional interactions between the VST, vmPFC, and lateral frontal cortex in response to rewarded instrumental actions potentially reflecting disruptions in attention to rewarded stimuli.
<i>ZC4H2</i> , an XLID gene, is required for the generation of a specific subset of CNS interneurons
May, Melanie,Hwang, Kyu-Seok,Miles, Judith,Williams, Charlie,Niranjan, Tejasvi,Kahler, Stephen G.,Chiurazzi, Pietro,Steindl, Katharina,Van Der Spek, Peter J.,Swagemakers, Sigrid,Mueller, Jennifer,Stef Oxford University Press 2015 Human Molecular Genetics Vol.24 No.17
<P>Miles–Carpenter syndrome (MCS) was described in 1991 as an XLID syndrome with fingertip arches and contractures and mapped to proximal Xq. Patients had microcephaly, short stature, mild spasticity, thoracic scoliosis, hyperextendable MCP joints, rocker-bottom feet, hyperextended elbows and knees. A mutation, p.L66H, in <I>ZC4H2</I>, was identified in a XLID re-sequencing project. Additional screening of linked families and next generation sequencing of XLID families identified three <I>ZC4H2</I> mutations: p.R18K, p.R213W and p.V75in15aa. The families shared some relevant clinical features. <I>In silico</I> modeling of the mutant proteins indicated all alterations would destabilize the protein. Knockout mutations in <I>zc4h2</I> were created in zebrafish and homozygous mutant larvae exhibited abnormal swimming, increased twitching, defective eye movement and pectoral fin contractures. Because several of the behavioral defects were consistent with hyperactivity, we examined the underlying neuronal defects and found that sensory neurons and motoneurons appeared normal. However, we observed a striking reduction in GABAergic interneurons. Analysis of cell-type-specific markers showed a specific loss of V2 interneurons in the brain and spinal cord, likely arising from mis-specification of neural progenitors. Injected human wt <I>ZC4H2</I> rescued the mutant phenotype. Mutant zebrafish injected with human p.L66H or p.R213W mRNA failed to be rescued, while the p.R18K mRNA was able to rescue the interneuron defect. Our findings clearly support <I>ZC4H2</I> as a novel XLID gene with a required function in interneuron development. Loss of function of <I>ZC4H2</I> thus likely results in altered connectivity of many brain and spinal circuits.</P>
Seeing Algebra in Arithmetic Through Mathematical Problem Posing
Jinfa Cai,Stephen Hwang 대한수학교육학회 2022 수학교육학연구 Vol.32 No.3
This paper proceeds from the position that elementary- and middle-school students can learn and should be exposed to algebraic ideas and that a fruitful mechanism for this is to help them to see the algebra in arithmetic. After a brief survey of the literature on helping students see algebra in arithmetic, the main focus of the paper is on the use of mathematical problem posing in the classroom to help students see the algebra in arithmetic. To illustrate this, we present three cases of teaching mathematics through problem posing and discuss the perspectives they offer on developing students’ algebraic thinking. The paper concludes with an examination of how teachers might be supported in using problem posing to help their students see the algebra in arithmetic.