Neuroprotective Effects of Forced Exercise on Focal Cerebral Ischemic Brain Damage of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

Sookyoung Park(박수경),Seunghoon Lee,Yunkyung Hong,Yonggeun Hong 한국실험동물학회 2009 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.2

Synergistic effect of melatonin on exercise-induced neuronal reconstruction and functional recovery in a spinal cord injury animal model

Park, Kanghui,Lee, Youngjeon,Park, Sookyoung,Lee, Seunghoon,Hong, Yunkyung,kil Lee, Sang–,Hong, Yonggeun Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Journal of pineal research Vol.48 No.3

<P>Abstract: </P><P>Nitric oxide (NO) may aggravate neuronal damage after spinal cord injury (SCI). We hypothesized that NO produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) accelerates secondary damage to spinal tissue, which may be reversed by the neuroprotectant, melatonin. This study investigated the effects of combination therapy with melatonin (10 mg/kg) and exercise (10 m/min) on recovery from SCI caused by contusion. We examined locomotor recovery, iNOS gene expression, autophagic and apoptotic signaling, including Beclin-1, LC3, p53 and IKK&agr; protein expression and histological alterations in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Melatonin in combination with exercise resulted in significantly increased hindlimb movement (<I>P </I><<I> </I>0.05), a reduced level of iNOS mRNA (<I>P </I><<I> </I>0.05) and more motor neurons in the ventral horn, versus control SCI and SCI plus exercise alone, with no effect on the other signaling molecules examined. This study shows that combined therapy with melatonin and exercise reduces the degree of secondary damage associated with SCI in rats and supports the possible use of melatonin in combination with exercise to reduce the side effects related to exercise-induced fatigue and impairment.</P>

New Prophylactic and Therapeutic Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury

Park, Sookyoung,Park, Kanghui,Lee, Youngjeon,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Hong, Yonggeun Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University 2013 Journal of lifestyle medicine Vol.3 No.1

<P>Melatonin production by the pineal gland in the vertebrate brain has attracted much scientific attention. Pineal melatonin is regulated by photoperiodicity, whereas circadian secretion of melatonin produced in the gastrointestinal tract is regulated by food intake. Thus, the circadian rhythm of pineal melatonin depends upon whether a species is diurnal or nocturnal. Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves damage to the spinal cord caused by trauma or disease that results in compromise or loss of body function. Melatonin is the most efficient and commonly used pharmacological antioxidant treatment for SCI. Melatonin is an indolamine secreted by the pineal gland during the dark phase of the circadian cycle. Neurorehabilitation is a complex medical process that focuses on improving function and repairing damaged connections in the brain and nervous system following injury. Physical activity associated with an active lifestyle reduces the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and depression and protects against neurological conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and ischemic stroke. Physical activity has been shown to increase the gene expression of several brain neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], nerve growth factor, and galanin) and the production of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2, which promotes neuronal survival, differentiation, and growth. In summary, melatonin is a neural protectant, and when combined with therapeutic exercise, the hormone prevents the progression of secondary neuronal degeneration in SCI. The present review briefly describes the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SCI, focusing on therapeutic targets and combined melatonin and exercise therapy, which can attenuate secondary injury mechanisms with minimal side effects.</P>

Therapeutic physical exercise in neural injury: friend or foe?

Park, Kanghui,Lee, Seunghoon,Hong, Yunkyung,Park, Sookyoung,Choi, Jeonghyun,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Kim, Joo-Heon,Hong, Yonggeun The Society of Physical Therapy Science 2015 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY SCIENCE Vol.27 No.12

<P>[Purpose] The intensity of therapeutic physical exercise is complex and sometimes controversial in patients with neural injuries. This review assessed whether therapeutic physical exercise is beneficial according to the intensity of the physical exercise. [Methods] The authors identified clinically or scientifically relevant articles from PubMed that met the inclusion criteria. [Results] Exercise training can improve body strength and lead to the physiological adaptation of skeletal muscles and the nervous system after neural injuries. Furthermore, neurophysiological and neuropathological studies show differences in the beneficial effects of forced therapeutic exercise in patients with severe or mild neural injuries. Forced exercise alters the distribution of muscle fiber types in patients with neural injuries. Based on several animal studies, forced exercise may promote functional recovery following cerebral ischemia via signaling molecules in ischemic brain regions. [Conclusions] This review describes several types of therapeutic forced exercise and the controversy regarding the therapeutic effects in experimental animals versus humans with neural injuries. This review also provides a therapeutic strategy for physical therapists that grades the intensity of forced exercise according to the level of neural injury.</P>

Profound Reduction in Motor Function and the Differential Expression of iNOS and Caveolins in the Rat Brain with Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Sookyoung Park,Sang-Kil Lee,Jinyoung Won,Min-Hee Rho,Rae-Jun Park,Jin-Sang Kim,Yonggeun Hong 한국실험동물학회 2009 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.25 No.4

Caveolin is a signaling molecule in mammalian cells that might be involved in the pathogenesis and mechanism of cerebral ischemia. In this study, cerebral ischemia was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo)-reperfusion. This focal cerebral ischemia model is widely used and produces a typical neurological deficiency. This study investigated the changes in motor function and the expression of caveolins and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the brains of 12-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to MCAo. The rats were evaluated 24, 48, and 72 hours after MCAo. Neurological and motor dysfunction were analyzed using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), gait analysis, and the balance beam test. The expression of iNOS and caveolins was detected using on RT-PCR method. On assessing the behavior of MCAo rats, neurological deficiency, motor dysfunction, and impaired balance were detected. In addition, the expression of iNOS expression was increased, whereas that of caveolin-1 and -3 was decreased in MCAo-brain tissue. These results imply that iNOS and caveolins are strong causative factor of brain impairment at the molecular level after focal cerebral ischemia.

Differential expression of caveolins and myosin heavy chains in response to forced exercise in rats

Sookyoung Park,Yunkyung Hong,Youngjeon Lee,Jinyoung Won,Kyu-Tae Chang,Yonggeun Hong 한국실험동물학회 2012 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.28 No.1

Exercise training can improve strength and lead to adaptations in the skeletal muscle and nervous systems. Skeletal muscles can develop into two types: fast and slow, depending on the expression pattern of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. Previous studies reported that exercise altered the distribution of muscle fiber types. It is not currently known what changes in the expression of caveolins and types of muscle fiber occur in response to the intensity of exercise. This study determined the changes in expression of caveolins and MHC type after forced exercise in muscular and non-muscular tissues in rats. A control (Con) group to which forced exercise was not applied and an exercise (Ex) group to which forced exercise was applied. Forced exercise, using a treadmill, was introduced at a speed of 25 m/min for 30 min, 3 times/day (07:00, 15:00, 23:00). Homogenized tissues were applied to extract of total RNA for further gene analysis. The expression of caveolin-3 and MHC2a in the gastrocnemius muscle of female rats significantly increased in the Ex group compared with the Con group (P<0.05). Furthermore, in the gastrocnemius muscle of male rats, the expression of MHC2x was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). There was an increased expression in caveolin-3 and a slightly decreased expression in TGFβ-1 in muscular tissues implicating caveolin-3 influences the expression of MHC isoforms and TGFβ-1 expression. Eventually, it implicates that caveolin-3 has positive regulatory function in muscle atrophy induced by neural dysfunction with spinal cord injury or stroke.

Profound Reduction of Motor Functions, Differential Expression of iNOS and Caveolins in Rat Brain with Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Sookyoung Park(박수경),Jinyoung Won,Min-Hee Rho,Rae-Jun Park,Jin-Sang Kim,Yonggeun Hong 한국실험동물학회 2009 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.2

젊은 남성에서 부하 적용이 어깨 벌림 동안 봉우리밑 공간 간격에 미치는 영향

박강희 ( Park Kanghui ),박한규 ( Park Hankyu ),박수경 ( Park Sookyoung ) 대한통합의학회 2020 대한통합의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Purpose : This study was performed to comparison of distance change of subacromial space according to shoulder abduction angle in loaded and unloaded conditions. Methods : The subjects were 20 male college students, and the subacromial space was measured using an ultrasound diagnostic apparatus. The participants shoulder abduction was measured during each shoulder resting position and 45 ° abduction with loads of 1 ㎏, 2 ㎏, 3 ㎏. The collected data were analyzed by a paired t-test and repeated measure ANOVA with the SPSS (Ver. 22) program. Results : The subacromial space showed statistically significant decreased in 45 ° abduction than resting position (p<.001). All the subacromial space increased during the according to loads (1 ㎏, 2 ㎏, 3 ㎏) at the resting position but at 45 ° abduction showed statistically significant decreased as the load increases (p<.05). Also, subacromial space showed significant changes in the 2㎏, 3㎏ compared with the 0㎏ loads. Conclusion : These results identified that shoulder abduction angle and load were related to subacromial space. When resting position, subacromial space is larger at loads than unload. As the load and shoulder abduction angle increase, subacromial space is reduced compared to resting.

중년 가장 혈액투석환자의 경험

박숙영(Sookyoung PARK),조원일(Wonil CHO) 한국마이너리티학회 2018 마이너리티연구 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구는 중년 가장의 장기 혈액투석 경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 현상학적 질적연구방법을 바탕으로 한 심층 인터뷰와 참여관찰방법을 활용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 자료수집은 2018년 3월부터 9월 사이에 이루어졌으며, 총 2명의 연구참여자가 연구에 참여하였다. 주 연구참여자는 15년 동안 장기 혈액투석을 받아온 연구자의 동생이며, 보조 연구참여자는 7년간 혈액투석을 받고 있는 신장장애인이다. 연구결과 중년 가장으로서 장기적인 혈액투석을 받아 온 신장장애인의 경험의 상위범주는 ‘새롭게 다가온 가족의 의미’, ‘투석 환자를 채용하는 직장이 있나요?’로 분석되었다. 이러한 연구를 바탕으로 타 장애인에 비해 소외된 신장장애인에 대한 사회적 관심을 유도하고, 신장장애인을 위한 정책수립의 방향에 대해 제언하였다. The purpose of this study is to understand the long - term hemodialysis experience of the middle aged. To do this, data were collected using in - depth interviews and participation observation methods based on phenomenological qualitative research methods. Data collection took place from March to September, 2018, and two research participants participated in the study. The main study participant was a sibling of the researcher who had been on long-term hemodialysis for 15 years, and the participant in the secondary study was a kidney patient who had hemodialysis for 7 years. The results of the study were as follows: The meaning of the family approaching newly, Do you have a job to employ dialysis patients? . Based on the results of this study, it was suggested that the elderly people with disabilities were more interested in the society than those with other disabilities.

초등학생의 스마트폰 사용과 체성분, 자세 및 근 속성에 대한 관계 분석

박시은 ( Park Sieun ),박수경 ( Park Sookyoung ) 대한통합의학회 2020 대한통합의학회지 Vol.8 No.3

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between smartphone use, body composition, posture and muscle properties of elementary school students. Methods : A total of 22 healthy elementary school students in Daejeon, South Korea, participated in this study with informed consent. Smartphone use was evaluated with Smartphone addiction self-report scale (S-scale) for youth. Body composition (BMI, percent body fat, body fat mass, and skeletal muscle mass) was measured using Inbody. To assess posture, forward head posture and round shoulder posture were measured using Dartfish motion analysis. Muscle properties (muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity) were measured on the upper trapezius, splenius capitis and sternocleidomastoid muscles using Myoton. To investigate the correlation between the main variables, Pearson correlation analysis was performed. Results : Disturbance of adaptive function, which is one of sub-component of S-scale, had a weak positive correlations with BMI (r=.538, p<.01), and body fat mass (r=.453, p<.05). However, scores of S-scale showed no correlation with posture and muscle properties. The correlation between posture and muscle properties was analyzed, and round shoulder posture revealed a weak positive correlation with respect to stiffness (r=.418, p<.05) and elasticity (r=.502, p<.05) of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Conclusion : Scores of S-scale demonstrated a weak correlation with body composition (BMI) among elementary school students, whereas S-scale scores were not correlated with the posture and muscle properties. Further research is needed to identify and focus on potential high-risk user groups of elementary students who are more dependent upon smartphones.