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( Shinji Okabayashi ),( Taku Kobayashi ),( Tomohisa Sujino ),( Ryo Ozaki ),( Satoko Umeda ),( Takahiko Toyonaga ),( Eiko Saito ),( Masaru Nakano ),( Maria Carla Tablante ),( Shojiroh Morinaga ),( Tosh 대한장연구학회 2017 Intestinal Research Vol.15 No.4
Extracolonic involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is extremely uncommon in ulcerative colitis (UC) and rarely found in the upper gastrointestinal tract or in postoperative cases since it typically responds to steroids. Here we report a case of UC complicated by extensive ileal inflammation that was refractory to steroids. A 20-year-old man was diagnosed with UC of typical pancolitis without ileal involvement and started treatment with pH-dependent mesalazine and oral prednisolone. Although his symptoms transiently resolved, the condition flared when the steroid dose was tapered down. Computed tomography revealed marked thickening of the ileal wall, and capsule endoscopy and balloon-assisted enteroscopy found diffuse mucosal inflammation with ulcers in the ileum. On the contrary, the inflammation in the colon and rectum was improving. Since the response to the second steroid course was inadequate, treatment with adalimumab and 6-mercaptopurine was initiated and finally achieved clinical and endoscopic remission. The investigation of small intestinal lesions is necessary in patients with UC whose clinical deterioration cannot be explained by colonic lesions. (Intest Res 2017;15:535-539)
Characterization of Mucoid and Non-Mucoid Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated From Outpatients
Shinji Ogihara,Ryoichi Saito,Teru Akikura,Akiko Iwama,Yukari Adachi,Daiki Kaji,Kyoka Kakinuma,Hiroshi Takahashi 대한진단검사의학회 2015 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.35 No.4
Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of mucoid and non-mucoid isolates of S. pneumoniae, and to explore the relationship between the isolate phenotypes and their antibiotic susceptibility. Methods: Clinical isolates from 3,453 non-repetitive S. pneumoniae (189 mucoid and 3,264 non-mucoid) infections obtained between January 2008 and December 2012 from outpatients at the Kimitsu-Central Hospital were evaluated. Results: Compared to the non-mucoid isolates, the mucoid phenotypes were more susceptible to certain antibiotics such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, and tetracycline as opposed to clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and rifampicin. The mucoid phenotype was isolated more frequently from schoolchildren, adults, and elderly adults in a variety of clinical sites, including otorrhea, genitalia, pus, and eye discharge than the non-mucoid phenotype. This suggested that mucoid isolates are more likely to be involved than non-mucoid isolates in various local infections. Systemic infection, which indicates invasiveness, was not associated with the mucoid or non-mucoid phenotype. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that mucoid isolates tend to have higher susceptibility than non-mucoid isolates to antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, mucoid and non-mucoid S. pneumoniae isolates considerably differ in terms of clinical isolation site and age-specific prevalence.
Shinji Okabayashi,Taku Kobayashi,Eiko Saito,Takahiko Toyonaga,Ryo Ozaki,Shintaro Sagami,Masaru Nakano,Junichi Tanaka,Keiji Yagisawa,Satoshi Kuronuma,Osamu Takeuchi,Toshifumi Hibi 대한장연구학회 2019 Intestinal Research Vol.17 No.2
Background/Aims: The pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus (TAC) is known to be largely influenced by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP3A5. Patients starting TAC require careful dose adjustment, owing to the wide range of optimal dosages, depending on their CYP3A5 expression status. Here, we evaluated whether individualization of TAC dosages based on CYP3A5 SNPs would improve its therapeutic efficacy in ulcerative colitis. Methods: Twenty-one patients were prospectively treated, with their initial dosage adjusted according to their CYP3A5 status (0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mg/kg/day for CYP3A5*3/*3, CYP3A5*1/*3, and CYP3A5*1/*1, respectively). Their clinical outcomes were compared with those of patients treated with a fixed dose (0.1 mg/kg/day). Results: The first blood trough level of CYP3A5 expressors, CYP3A5*1/*3 or CYP3A5*1/*1, and the overall rate in achieving the target blood trough level within a week in the individualized-dose group were significantly higher than those in the fixed-dose group (5.15±2.33 ng/mL vs. 9.63±0.79 ng/mL, P=0.035 and 12.5% vs. 66.7%, P=0.01). The remission rate at 2 weeks in the expressors was as high as that in the nonexpressors, CYP3A5*3/*3, in the individualized-dose group. Conclusions: Individualized TAC treatment is effective against ulcerative colitis regardless of the CYP3A5 genotype. (Intest Res 2019;17:218-226)
Spatiotemporal Variations of Fine Particulate Organic and Elemental Carbons in Greater Tokyo
Hiroshi Hayami,Shinji Saito,Shuichi Hasegawa 한국대기환경학회 2019 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.13 No.3
Hourly concentrations of fine particulate OC and EC are monitored for more than one year by optical monitors at three sites in and out of Tokyo, Japan. Distances between the sites are 20 to 50 km. SOC concentrations are estimated from the OC and EC concentrations by an EC tracer method. Site A in an industrial site shows higher EC concentrations than site B in a residential area, but differences between the sites are much reduced for OC. Site C in a rural area, where measurements are available in colder months, shows pronounced seasonal variations with high peaks in October and December and characteristic diurnal variations in OC with the highest in the evening in October, due probably to open field burning. Photochemical formation of SOC is suggested but does not rise up so much OC concentrations in summer, which are quite lower than other seasons. A comparison between relative concentrations of EC among the sites and local emissions amounts indicates missing or considerable underestimation of EC emissions near the rural site C. Time lag correlations suggest transport of OC produced by open field burning around site C to site A. These findings would be useful for improving model performances in OC/EC predictions.
Ultrasonic Investigation of the Eu-based Intermetallic System EuZn₂Ge₂
Shinya Kudo,Kazuki Saito,Takuto Sato,Mitsuteru Nakamura,Masahito Yoshizawa,Kazuhei Wakiya,Yoshiki Nakanishi,Hikaru Hirabayashi,Shinji Michimura,Masashi Kosaka 한국물리학회 2023 새물리 Vol.73 No.12
In this study, an elastic property of EuZn₂Ge₂ with the tetragonal ThCr₂Si₂-type structure has been investigated by ultrasonic measurements. Elastic constants C<SUB>33</SUB> and C<SUB>44</SUB> were measured as a function of temperature and magnetic _eld applied along the [001] direction. A previous study reported that EuZn₂Ge₂ exhibited three magnetic phase transitions at T<SUB>N1</SUB> = 14.9 K, T<SUB>N2</SUB> = 8.4 K, and T<SUB>t</SUB> = 5 K. We found that an elastic anomaly appeared in the temperature dependence of both of C<SUB>33</SUB> and C<SUB>44</SUB> at T<SUB>N2</SUB>. On the other hand, the corresponding anomaly was hardly visible at T<SUB>N1</SUB> and T<SUB>t</SUB>. These results suggest that a magneto-elastic coupling at T<SUB>N2</SUB> may be relatively large compared with those at T<SUB>N1</SUB> and T<SUB>t</SUB>.
Keiji Yagisawa,Taku Kobayashi,Ryo Ozaki,Shinji Okabayashi,Takahiko Toyonaga,Miki Miura,Mari Hayashida,Eiko Saito,Masaru Nakano,Hajime Matsubara,Tadakazu Hisamatsu,Toshifumi Hibi 대한장연구학회 2019 Intestinal Research Vol.17 No.1
Background/Aims: Oral mesalazine is an important treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC), and non-adherence to mesalazineincreases the risk of relapse. Controlled-release (CR) mesalazine has 2 formulations: tablets and granules. The relative acceptabilitiesof these formulations may influence patient adherence; however, they have not been compared to date. This studyaimed to evaluate the acceptabilities of the 2 formulations of CR mesalazine in relation to patient adherence using a crossoverquestionnaire survey. Methods: UC patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in each group tookeither 4 g of CR mesalazine tablets or granules for 6 to 9 weeks, and then switched to 4 g of the other formulation for a further 6to 9 weeks. The acceptability and efficacy were evaluated by questionnaires, and adherence was assessed using a visual analogscale. The difference in acceptabilities between the 2 formulations and its impact on adherence were assessed. Results: A totalof 49 patients were prospectively enrolled and 33 patients were included in the analysis. Significantly more patients found thetablets to be less acceptable than the granules (76% vs. 33%, P=0.0005). The granules were preferable to the tablets when the 2formulations were compared directly (73% vs. 21%, P=0.004), for their portability, size, and numbers of pills. The adherence ratewas slightly better among patients taking the granules (94% vs. 91%) during the observation period, but the difference was notsignificant (P=0.139). Conclusion: CR mesalazine granules are more acceptable than tablets, and may therefore be a better optionfor long-term medication. (Intest Res 2019;17:87-93)
Saori Miyazaki,Koutatsu Maruyama,Kiyohide Tomooka,Shinji Nishioka,Noriko Miyoshi,Ryoichi Kawamura,Yasunori Takata,Haruhiko Osawa,Takeshi Tanigawa,Isao Saito 대한골다공증학회 2023 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.9 No.3
Objectives: Few studies examined the association between deterioration of masticatory ability assessed by objective marker and physical function. Therefore, we examined the association between salivary flow rate which is one of the objective and surrogate marker of masticatory ability and lower Timed Up & Go (TUG) performance which is one of major measurement of physical function among aging Japanese. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 464 Japanese aged 60e84 years old. Participants chewed tasteless and odorless gum for 5 min, calculated stimulated salivary flow rate (g/min) during all chews. The 3 m TUG was conducted, and 75th percentile value (6.8 s for men and 7.0 s for women) or higher was defined as lower TUG performance. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between stimulated salivary flow rate and lower TUG performance. Results: We found that the stimulated salivary flow rate tended to be negatively associated with the TUG time. We also observed significant negative association between stimulated salivary flow rate and lower TUG performance; the multivariable-adjusted OR (95% confidence interval, CIs) of lower TUG performance for the highest quartile of stimulated salivary flow rate compared with the lowest quartile was 0.34 (0.16-0.69, P for trend = 0.02). Further adjusting for BMI, the association was attenuated but remaind significant; the OR (95% CIs) in highest quartile was 0.37 (0.18-0.76, P for trend = 0.04). Conclusions: Higher stimulated salivary flow, which means well masticatory ability, was inversely associated with lower TUG performance in the aging Japanese population.
ALUMINUM BIAS SPUTTERING FOR FILM COVERAGE IMPROVEMENT
Kobayashi.Shigeru,Shimamura, Hideaki,Sakata, Masao,Fujita, Shouyou,Yajima, Akira,Saito, Hiroshi,Tateishi, Hideki,Sasaki, Shinji 대한전자공학회 1989 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.1 No.1
A filter was installed between the sputtering target and the substrate so as to reduce the aluminum deposition arriving with a shallow angle at the substrate in order to study the step coverage improvement by the bias application. It is deduced that the aluminum flowage occurs so that the surface energy is minimized around the via hole. Aluminum films deposited with the pulsed biasing were characterized in which the possible microstructual damage by argon bombardment is to be minimized. This biasing technique should provide with a better process for the step coverage improvement. A sputtering cathode was developed for aluminum bias sputtering which has a substrate current capability as high as 2A for a 5 inch wafer at the substrate voltage around-50V.