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Microtubular Dysfunction and Male Infertility
Sezgin Gunes,Pallav Sengupta,Ralf Henkel,Aabed Alguraigar,Mariana Marques Sinigaglia,Malik Kayal,Ahmad Joumah,Ashok Agarwal 대한남성과학회 2020 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.38 No.1
Microtubules are the prime component of the cytoskeleton along with microfilaments. Being vital for organelle transport and cellular divisions during spermatogenesis and sperm motility process, microtubules ascertain functional capacity of sperm. Also, microtubule based structures such as axoneme and manchette are crucial for sperm head and tail formation. This review (a) presents a concise, yet detailed structural overview of the microtubules, (b) analyses the role of microtubule structures in various male reproductive functions, and (c) presents the association of microtubular dysfunctions with male infertility. Considering the immense importance of microtubule structures in the formation and maintenance of physiological functions of sperm cells, this review serves as a scientific trigger in stimulating further male infertility research in this direction.
Smoking and Male Infertility: An Evidence-Based Review
Avi Harlev,Ashok Agarwal,Sezgin Ozgur Gunes,Amit Shetty,Stefan Simon du Plessis 대한남성과학회 2015 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.33 No.3
Many studies have reported that the contents of cigarette smoke negatively affect sperm parameters, seminal plasma, and various other fertility factors. Nevertheless, the actual effect of smoking on male fertility is not clear. The effect of smoking on semen parameters is based on the well-established biological finding that smoking increases the presence of reactive oxygen species, thereby resulting in oxidative stress (OS). OS has devastating effects on sperm parameters, such as viability and morphology, and impairs sperm function, hence reducing male fertility. However, not all studies have come to the same conclusions. This review sheds light upon the arguable association between smoking and male fertility and also assesses the impact of non-smoking routes of tobacco consumption on male infertility. It also highlights the evidence that links smoking with male infertility, including newly emerging genetic and epigenetic data, and discusses the clinical implications thereof.