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      • Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Bladder Cancer in the Iranian Population

        Ebadi, Nader,Jahed, Marzieh,Mivehchi, Mohamad,Majidizadeh, Tayebeh,Asgary, Mojgan,Hosseini, Seyed Ali Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18

        Interleukin-12 (IL-12) as an antitumor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as an inflammatory cytokine, are immunomodulatory products that play important roles in responses in cancers and inflammation. We tested the association between two polymorphisms of IL-12(1188A>C; rs3212227) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) and the risk of bladder cancer in 261 patients and 251 healthy individuals. We also investigated the possible association of these SNPs in patients with high-risk jobs and smoking habits with the incidence of bladder cancer. The genotype distributions of IL-6 (-174 C/G) genotype were similar between the cases and the control groups; however, among patients with smoking habits, the association between IL-6 gene polymorphism and incidence of bladder cancer was significant. After a control adjustment for age and sex, the following results were recorded: CC genotype (OR= 2.11, 95%CI=1.56-2.87, p=0.007), GC genotype (OR=2.18, 95%CI=1.16-4.12, p=0.014) and GC+CC (OR=2.6, 95%CI=1.43-4.47, p=0.011). A significant risk of bladder cancer was observed for the heterozygous genotype (AC) of IL-12 (OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.01-2.14, p=0.045) in all cases, and among smokers (AC) (OR=3.13, 95%CI=1.82-5.37, p=0.00014), combined AC+CC (OR=3.05, 95%CI=1.8-5.18, p=0.000015). Moreover among high risk job patients, there was more than a 3-fold increased risk of cancer in the carriers of IL-12 beta heterozygous (OR=3.7, 95%CI=2.04-6.57, p=0.000056) and combined AC+CC(OR=3.29, 95%CI=1.58-5.86, p=0.00002) genotypes as compared with the AA genotype with low-risk jobs. As a conclusion, this study suggests that IL-12(3'UTR A>C) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) genotypes are significantly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in the Iranian population with smoking habits and/or performing high-risk jobs.

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        Concentrated O/W emulsions formulated by binary and ternary mixtures of sodium caseinate, xanthan and guar gums: rheological properties, microstructure, and stability

        Khadije Abdolmaleki,Leyla Alizadeh,Seyede Marzieh Hosseini,Kooshan Nayebzadeh 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.12

        The effects of xanthan gum (XG) (0, 0.3, 0.6wt%), guar gum (GG) (0, 0.3, 0.6 wt%) and XG:GGmixtures (0.3–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–0.3 and 0.6–0.6 wt%) onthe physical stability of sodium caseinate (CN) stabilizedconcentrated O/W emulsions (uoil = 0.6) were examined. The emulsion stability, microstructure, droplets size distribution,and rheological properties were evaluated. Thefindings showed that with increasing total gum concentrationup to 0.6% droplets size and emulsion instabilitysignificantly decreased (p\0.05). The emulsion containinga ternary mixture of CN:XG:GG at total gum concentration(0.6%) with a mixing ratio of 0.3:0.3 XG:GGexhibited the best stability with the highest ESI value(98.3%). Above the critical concentration, an excessiveincrease in storage modulus led to a significant increase indroplet size and emulsion instability. In brief, concentratedemulsions stabilized by binary and ternary mixtures (CN/XG/GG) may be applicable in special food like heavycream and as a template for fabricating oleogels.

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