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Scott Widmier,Lance Brouthers,Charles Ragland 한국마케팅과학회 2020 마케팅과학연구 Vol.30 No.4
Previous research shows the direct selling system helping BOP populations in South Africa. We seek to extend this by examining if countries typified by large “base-of-the-pyramid” (BOP) are fertile ground for direct selling? Can direct sellers do well by doing good for BOP populations and the environment? Using data from a sample of 51 developed and developing countries representing over 90% of world GDP, we found that direct selling market penetration is positively related to gender inequality, income inequality, and less financial freedom. Implications for MNEs, as well as national and policy makers in subsistence markets are discussed.
CSR and social entrepreneurship: Combining efforts towards sustainability
Satyendra C. Pandey,Swati Panda,Scott Widmier,Eric Harvey 한국마케팅과학회 2020 마케팅과학연구 Vol.30 No.4
Distinctions are usually drawn between social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility based upon the implications, the impact, and the stimulus required. Limited empirical evidences are there in the existing literature to suggest any connect between social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility. This article points out the efforts of development and encouragement of social entrepreneurship as a CSR activity by a large public listed coal mining and refining company. Company makes a significant contribution towards the overall coal production in India. The study field is concentrated around main basin located in Singrauli district of Madhya Pradesh in India. Implications are drawn based upon the success observed in the initiative and future directions and explored.