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Two-Way Coupled Fluid Structure Interaction Simulation of a Propeller Turbine
Schmucker, Hannes,Flemming, Felix,Coulson, Stuart Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2010 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.3 No.4
During the operation of a hydro turbine the fluid mechanical pressure loading on the turbine blades provides the driving torque on the turbine shaft. This fluid loading results in a structural load on the component which in turn causes the turbine blade to deflect. Classically, these mechanical stresses and deflections are calculated by means of finite element analysis (FEA) which applies the pressure distribution on the blade surface calculated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a major boundary condition. Such an approach can be seen as a one-way coupled simulation of the fluid structure interaction (FSI) problem. In this analysis the reverse influence of the deformation on the fluid is generally neglected. Especially in axial machines the blade deformation can result in a significant impact on the turbine performance. The present paper analyzes this influence by means of fully two-way coupled FSI simulations of a propeller turbine utilizing two different approaches. The configuration has been simulated by coupling the two commercial solvers ANSYS CFX for the fluid mechanical simulation with ANSYS Classic for the structure mechanical simulation. A detailed comparison of the results for various blade stiffness by means of changing Young's Modulus are presented. The influence of the blade deformation on the runner discharge and performance will be discussed and shows for the configuration investigated no significant influence under normal structural conditions. This study also highlights that a two-way coupled fluid structure interaction simulation of a real engineering configuration is still a challenging task for today's commercially available simulation tools.
Nanotube-Bridged Wireswith Sub-10 nm Gaps
Lee, ByungYang,Heo, Kwang,Schmucker, Abrin L.,Jin, Hye Jun,Lim, Jong Kuk,Kim, Taekyeong,Lee, Haemi,Jeon, Ki-Seok,Suh, Yung Doug,Mirkin, Chad A.,Hong, Seunghun American ChemicalSociety 2012 Nano letters Vol.12 No.4
<P>We report a simple but efficient method to synthesizecarbon nanotube-bridgedwires (NBWs) with gaps as small as 5 nm. In this method, we have combineda strategy for assembling carbon nanotubes (CNTs) inside anodizedaluminum oxide pores and the on-wire lithography technique to fabricateCNT-bridged wires with gap sizes deliberately tailored over the 5–600nm range. As a proof-of-concept demonstration of the utility of thisarchitecture, we have prepared NBW-based chemical and biosensors whichexhibit higher analyte sensitivity (lower limits of detection) thanthose based on planar CNT networks. This observation is attributedto a greater surface-to-volume ratio of CNTs in the NBWs than thosein the planar CNT devices. Because of the ease of synthesis and highyield of NBWs, this technique may enable the further incorporationof CNT-based architectures into various nanoelectronic and sensorplatforms.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2012/nalefd.2012.12.issue-4/nl204259t/production/images/medium/nl-2011-04259t_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl204259t'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Thermal Development from Hybrid Gels of Compounds for Use in Fibre-Reinforced Oxide Ceramics
MacKenzie, Kenneth J.D.,Kemmitt, Tim,Meinhold, Richard H.,Schmucker, Martin,Mayer, Lutz The Korean Ceramic Society 1998 The Korean journal of ceramics Vol.4 No.4
Mixed oxide compounds of potential usefulness for fibre coatings (hexagonal celsian, $BaAl_2Si_2O_8$ and lanthanum hexaluminate, $LaAl_{11}O_{18}$) or for matrix materials (yttrium aluminium garnet, $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$) were prepared by hybrid sol-gel synthesis and their thermal crystallisation was monitored by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and multinuclear solid state MAS NMR. All the gels convert to the crystalline phase below about $12200^{\circ}C$, via amorphous intermediates in which the Al shows and NMR resonance at 36-38 ppm sometimes ascribed to Al in 5-fold coordination. Additional information about the structural changes during thermal treatment was provided by $^{29}Si$, $^{137}Ba$ and $^{89}Y$ MAS NMR spectroscopy, showing that the feldspar framework of celsian begins to be established by about $500^{\circ}C$ but the Ba is still moving into its polyhedral lattice sites about $400^{\circ}C$ after the sluggish onset of crystallization. Lanthanum hexaluminate and YAG crystallise sharply at 1230 and $930^{\circ}C$ respectively, the former via $\gamma-Al_2O_3$, the latter via $YAlO_3$. Yttrium moves into the garnet lattice sites less than $100^{\circ}C$ after crystallisation.