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        Tailoring optical constants of few-layer black phosphorus coatings: Spectroscopic ellipsometry approach supported by ab-initio simulation

        Aleksandra Wieloszynska,Krzysztof Pyrchla,Paweł Jakóbczyk,Dawid Lentka,Mirosław Sawczak,Łukasz Skowronski,Robert Bogdanowicz 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.127 No.-

        2D black phosphorus (BP) has attracted extensive attention as an anisotropic platform for novel optoelectronicand polarizing optics applications. Insight into the factors that tune the optical and polarizingproperties of 2D BP reveals their essential influence on BP-based photonic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, studies of the optical constants of few-layer black phosphorus coatings are studied and discussed,with particular emphasis on the complex dielectric function. Herein, the complex optical constantsof multi-flake composite films in the energy range of 1.38–6.2 eV by spectroscopic ellipsometrywith the use of the classical optical model have been determined. Classical optical simulations were suppliedby dielectric function estimations delivered by density functional theory. Additionally, few-layerblack phosphorus coatings were imaged by polarizing microscopy and investigated by Raman spectroscopy,revealing a size-tunable flake composition. The pattern analysis of the polarization imagesreveals a shift in polarization anisotropy originated mainly from the central region of the flake. Thesemi-isotropic optical properties suggest that the extinction coefficient of BP flakes defines the applicationsof BP in photonics, waveguides, and directional optoelectronic devices.

      • Self-organized multi-layered graphene-boron-doped diamond hybrid nanowalls for high-performance electron emission devices

        Sankaran, Kamatchi Jothiramalingam,Ficek, Mateusz,Kunuku, Srinivasu,Panda, Kalpataru,Yeh, Chien-Jui,Park, Jeong Young,Sawczak, Miroslaw,Michałowski, Paweł Piotr,Leou, Keh-Chyang,Bogdanowicz, Robert,Li The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.3

        <P>Carbon nanomaterials such as nanotubes, nanoflakes/nanowalls, and graphene have been used as electron sources due to their superior field electron emission (FEE) characteristics. However, these materials show poor stability and short lifetimes, which prevent their use in practical device applications. The aim of this study was to find an innovative nanomaterial possessing both high robustness and reliable FEE behavior. Herein, a hybrid structure of self-organized multi-layered graphene (MLG)-boron doped diamond (BDD) nanowall materials with superior FEE characteristics was successfully synthesized using a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the as-prepared carbon clusters have a uniform, dense, and sharp nanowall morphology with sp<SUP>3</SUP> diamond cores encased by an sp<SUP>2</SUP> MLG shell. Detailed nanoscale investigations conducted using peak force-controlled tunneling atomic force microscopy show that each of the core-shell structured carbon cluster fields emits electrons equally well. The MLG-BDD nanowall materials show a low turn-on field of 2.4 V μm<SUP>−1</SUP>, a high emission current density of 4.2 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at an applied field of 4.0 V μm<SUP>−1</SUP>, a large field enhancement factor of 4500, and prominently high lifetime stability (lasting for 700 min), which demonstrate the superiority of these materials over other hybrid nanostructured materials. The potential of these MLG-BDD hybrid nanowall materials in practical device applications was further illustrated by the plasma illumination behavior of a microplasma device with these materials as the cathode, where a low threshold voltage of 330 V (low threshold field of 330 V mm<SUP>−1</SUP>) and long plasma stability of 358 min were demonstrated. The fabrication of these hybrid nanowalls is straight forward and thereby opens up a pathway for the advancement of next-generation cathode materials for high brightness electron emission and microplasma-based display devices.</P>

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