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Yoon, Wan-Hee,Jung, Yeon-Joo,Kim, Tae-Dong,Li, Ge,Park, Byoung-Jeon,Kim, Ji-Yeon,Lee, Young-Chul,Kim, Jim-Man,Park, Jong-Il,Park, Hae-Duck,No, Zae-Sung,Lim, Kyu,Hwang, Byung-Doo,Kim, Young-S 충남대학교 암연구소 2005 암연구소 업적집 Vol.4 No.-
Gabexate mesilate (GM), a synthetic protease inhibitor, has an antiproteinase activity on various types of plasma serine proteases. However, its role on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has not been identified. In this study, we investigated the effect of GM on MMPs and on the invasion and metastasis of human colon cancer cell lines and neoangiogenesis. The activities of MMPs secreted from these cells were significantly reduced by GM but unaffected by the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin. GM directly inhibited purified progelatinase A derived from T98G human glioblastoma cells. In vitro, GM significantly reduced the invasive ability of colon cancer cells but not cellular motility, whereas aprotinin affected neither. Liver metastatic ability and tumorigenic potential in nude mice were remarkably reduced on treatment with GM. Immunohistochemical analysis of GM-treated tumors in mice showed a marked increase in apoptosis and a significant reduction in tumor angiogenesis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, tube formation, and neoangiogenesis in the rabbit cornea and Matrigel implanted in mice were significantly inhibited by GM. These results suggest that GM is a novel inhibitor of MMPs and that it may inhibit the invasion and metastasis of human colon cancer cells by blocking MMPs and neoangiogenesis.
( Sang Im Lee ),( Santhosh Kumar ),( Nagayya Sriraman ),( Srinivasan Shanmugam ),( Rengarajan Baskaran ),( Chul Soon Yong ),( Sang Kwon Yoon ),( Han Gon Choi ),( Bong Kyu Yoo ) 한국응용약물학회 2011 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.19 No.2
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of charge carrier lipid on the skin penetration, retention, and hair growth of topically applied finasteride-containing liposomes. Finasteride-containing liposomes were prepared by traditional thin film hydration method using Phospholipon(R) 85 G and cholesterol with or without charge carrier lipid (1,2 dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate or 1,2-dioleoyl-trimethylammonium-propane for anionic and cationic charge, respectively). Freshly prepared finasteride-containing liposome suspension was applied on the hairless mouse skin, and skin penetration and retention were measured using Keshary-Chien diffusion cell. Non-liposomal formulation (ethanol 10% solution containing 0.5 mg/ml of FNS) was also used as a control. The amount of finasteride in the diffusion cell and mouse skin was measured by HPLC. The hair growth was evaluated using depilated male C57BL/6N mice. Mean particle size of all finasteride-containing liposomes was less than a micron, and polydispersity index revealed size homogeneity. Skin penetration and retention studies showed that significantly less amount of finasteride was penetrated when applied as anionic liposome while more amount of the drug was retained. Specifically, in liposome prepared with 10% anionic charge carrier lipid, penetration was 12.99 μg/cm2 while retention was 79.23 μg/cm2 after 24 h of application. In hair growth study, finasteride-containing anionic liposomes showed moderate efficacy, but the efficacy was not found when applied as cationic liposomes. In conclusion, topical application of finasteride using anionic liposome formulation appears to be useful option for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia to avoid systemic side effects of the drug.
Sung-Hwa Kang,Shin Hwang,Tae-Yong Ha,Gi-Won Song,Dong-Hwan Jung,Ki-Hun Kim,Chul-Soo Ahn,Deok-Bog Moon,Gil-Chun Park,Bo-Hyun Jung,Young-In Yoon,Sung-Gyu Lee 한국간담췌외과학회 2014 한국간담췌외과학회지 Vol.18 No.2
Backgrounds/Aims: There are few guidelines for tailored immunosuppressive regimens for liver transplantation (LT) recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To establish long-term immunosuppressive regimens suitable for Korean adult LT recipients, we analyzed those that were currently in use at a single high-volume institution. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprises three parts including review of the immunosuppressive regimens used to manage 2,147 adult LT outpatients, review of LT recipients who were diagnosed of HCC at LT, and review of LT recipients who suffered from HCC recurrence. Results: In 1,000 adult LT recipients who were living more than 5 years with no adverse events, 916 received a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based therapy (CNI only in 520; CNI with mycophenolate mofetil [MMF] in 396) and 84 were receiving an MMF-based therapy (MMF only in 45; MMF with minimal CNI in 39). Tacrolimus was preferred over cyclosporine for both monotherapy and combination therapy along the passage of posttransplant period. There was no difference in selection of immunosuppressants, target blood concentration, and rate of combination therapy between LT recipients with and without HCC, except for the first 1 year. Sirolimus-based regimens were applied in 21 patients who showed HCC recurrence. Sorafenib was often used after conversion to sirolimus. Conclusions: Tailored immunosuppressive regimen covering the long-term posttransplant period should be established after consideration of individualized patient profiles including HCC.
Special Treatment of Developing Countries in the Services Trade
Yoon, Sang Chul,Mah, Jai S. Institute for International Trade and Cooperation 2007 Asian International Studies Review Vol.8 No.1
Developing countries have a comparative disadvantage in the services area in general. Therefore, the global trading system has granted developing countries many types of special and differential treatments in the services trade. The current paper examines how they can be modified. Among other points, it is necessary for developing countries to pay attention to negotiations on the movement of natural persons. The emergency safeguard measures would contribute to relieving the difficulties of the services-importing developing countries. No detail on subsidies is stipulated in the current GATS. In addition, although the GATT stipulates "waiver" whereby the concerned countries may waive the obligations under the GATT/WTO, the GATS does not include such a waiver provision.
Yoon, Sang-chul Korean Social Science Research Council Korean Nati 2000 Korean Social Science Journal Vol.27 No.1
This research explores the effects of structural factors on political corruption, using structural equations modeling. The author employs four structural factors such as democratization, economic development, international linkage, and state intervention, which have been considered as important in most previous corruption studies. The total cases of statistical analysis represent 89 countries and data sets of the early 1990's are used. The most important discovery is that the wider international linkage reduces political corruption in the short term and the long term. But, the effect of democratization on political corruption is not secure, nor statistically significant. Economic development and state intervention reduce political corruption in the short term but have no significant effects in the long term. Other models, which are used for comparison, show that democratization and economic development have indirect effects on political corruption through international linkage. Therefore, economic development and formal democratization make possible the control of political authority from the bottom through the organization of civil society.
Long-Term Outcomes of Liver Retransplantation: A 31-Year Korean Single-Center Experiences
( Sang-hoon Kim ),( Deok-bog Moon ),( Sung-gyu Lee ),( Shin Hwang ),( Chul-soo Ahn ),( Ki-hun Kim ),( Tae-yong Ha ),( Gi-won Song ),( Dong-hwan Jung ),( Gil-chun Park ),( Young-in Yoon ),( Woo-hyoung 대한간학회 2024 춘·추계 학술대회 (The Liver Week) Vol.2024 No.1
Non-Hydrostatic Model of Near Shore Flow Calculation
Yoon, Bum-Sang,Park, Chul-Woo The Korean Association of Ocean Science and Techno 2006 Journal of Ocean Science and Technology Vol.3 No.1
In this paper, the fractional step approach is applied to calculation of flow in near shore area with complicated boundary shape in order to consider non-hydrostatic pressure induced by geometrical irregularities at the boundaries. At a time instant, intermediate solutions for flow velocities and free surface are obtained through the hydrostatic multi-layer calculation in the first step, and non-hydrostatic pressure field is predicted using the intermediate solutions in the second step. In the third step, final solutions are calculated considering not only hydrostatic pressure but also non-hydrostatic pressure. Present calculation algorithm with fully explicit finite difference scheme in ${\sigma}$a-coordinate is successfully applied to the near shore flow calculation. Hydrostatic model is thought practically good tool enough to predict general ocean circulation problems. However, effects of non-hydrostatic pressure on flow field and free surface movements are to be emphasized, not negligible, in the vicinity of irregularities both of continental and bottom boundaries. Present method can be applied to the mesoscale free surface flows with complex bottom topography where MAC-like 3-d hydrodynamic calculations are quite ineffective and uneconomic.
( Sung Won Lee ),( Hee Chul Nam ),( Jeong Won Jang ),( Si Hyun Bae ),( Seung Kew Yoon ),( Jong Young Choi ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1
Background: Liver resection is the treatment of choice for most cases of early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the recurrence rates of HCC remains high even after curative hepatectomy. The unresolved clinical issue is how to monitor HCC after curative surgical resection. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the association between changes in AFP and PIVKA-II with the recurrence of HCC after curative hepatectomy. Methods: A total of seventy nine HCC patients who underwent curative hepatectomy at Seoul St. Mary`s hospital between September, 2010 and August, 2012 were analyzed. The recurrence rates and postoperative survival rates were compared according to the tumor characteristics and preoperative and postoperative tumor marker values. Results: During the median follow-up periods of 24.2 months (2.3-47.5 months), HCC recurrence developed in 32 of 79 patients (40.5%). The median time to the development of recur- rence was 6.0 months. In the HCC recurrence group, the median AFP were 105, 7.45, 6.1, 16 and 5.25 ng/ml at pre-op, 1 month, 3months, 6months and 12months after hepatectomy, respectively, compared with the non-recurrence group of 6.1, 4.4, 3.25, 2.9 and 3 ng/mL. The median PIVKA-II were 168, 19.5, 21, 27.5 and 27 mAU/mL in the recurrence group compared with the non-recurrence group of 26, 19, 16.5, 17, 15.5, respectively. In multivariate analysis for the predictive markers of HCC recurrence, tumor size > 4cm, preoperative AFP > 20 ng/mL, 1 month postoperative AFP > 20 ng/ml, and 1 month postoperative PIVKA-II > 40 mAU/ml were identified as significant factors (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.001, and P<0.05 respectively). Conclusions: These results suggest that AFP or PIVKA-II values that exceed their normal range when measured at one month after hepatectomy may be predictive of HCC recurrence. The patients with these risk factors should be cautiously followed up at short-term intervals after curative hepatectomy.