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Indonesia in the BIMP-EAGA: Assessing Connectivity Development in Reducing Inequality
( Sandy Nur Ikfal Raharjo ),( Tri Nuke Pudjiastuti ) 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2024 Suvannabhumi Vol.16 No.1
With the enactment of international free trade and economic agreements and cooperation, BIMP-EAGA is an opportunity to accelerate development and economic growth in eastern Indonesia. This subregional cooperation could be used to reduce the development gap or inequality between the western and eastern regions, which are geographically, demographically, and economically different. This cooperation also may accelerate development in the border area. This study analyzes Indonesia's policies related to connectivity in BIMP-EAGA subregional cooperation and its implementation. The study results show that the National Secretariat of Sub-Regional Economic Cooperation has encouraged cooperation clusters ranging from natural resources, transportation, infrastructure, ICT, and tourism to MSMEs. In terms of connectivity, Indonesia is also involved in the development program of three economic corridors, namely West Borneo, East Borneo, and Sulu-Sulawesi. Indonesia's involvement in the three corridors has boosted the connectivity of Indonesia's territory, especially border areas, with neighboring countries. Connectivity has covered not only physical but also institutional and people-to-people dimensions. However, there are still several challenges, ranging from the standardization of the Customs, Immigration, and Quarantine (CIQ) mechanisms, improvement of institutional quality, and consistent strong political will among the involved parties. In addition, considering the vulnerability of the BIMP subregion to transnational crimes and acts of radical terrorism, BIMP-EAGA needs to think about solutions to overcome these cross-border security problems so that the momentum of development in the subregion may be sustained.
Kurniawati Hastuti DEWI,Sandy Nur Ikfal RAHARJO,DESMIWATI,Kresno Agus HENDARTO,Aam AMINAH,Tri Astuti WISUDAYATI,Hasan ROYANI,Anggi Dian Safitri HASIBUAN,Dian Ratna SARI Asian Center for Women's Studies : Ewha Womans Uni 2020 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.26 No.4
Using the Harvard Analytical Framework (HAF), we analyze the role of farmers (male and female) in the Special Purpose Forest Area of Parungpanjang, Indonesia. Primary data for this study were collected through interviews and focus group discussions with male and female farmers at the research site in September 2019. This shows that female farmers participate in all dimensions of productive, reproductive, and socio-political activities, including aspects of control, while male farmers tend to limit their participation only to productive and socio-political activities. It confirms the findings of earlier research that there is no significant gender difference between the roles of female and male farmers in terms of natural resource management and control in Southeast Asia. However, one problem remains: the Special Purpose Forest Area of Parungpanjang has not given official registration rights to female farmers. By presenting their voices, we suggest the need for the strengthening of gender-responsive policies such as granting registration rights to female farmers to access and use land and conduct gender awareness programs among male farmers. Dengan menggunakan Kerangka Analisis Harvard, kami menganalisis peran para petani (laki laki dan perempuan) di Kawasan Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus Parungpanjang, Indonesia. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan diskusi kelompok terpumpun dengan para petani laki-laki dan perempuan di lokasi penelitian pada September 2019. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa petani perempuan berpartisipasi pada semua dimensi kegiatan produktif, reproduktif, dan sosio-politik, termasuk juga aspek kontrol, sementara petani laki-laki cenderung membatasi partisipasi mereka pada kegiatan produktif dan sosio-politik saja. Hal ini mengonfirmasi temuan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya bahwa tidak ada perbedaan peran gender yang signifikan antara petani laki-laki dan perempuan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam di Asia Tenggara. Meskipun demikian, masih ada masalah yaitu Kawasan Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus Parungpanjang belum memberikan hak pendaftaran kepada para petani perempuan. Dengan menyajikan suara para petani perempuan, kajian ini mendorong penguatan kebijakan responsif gender seperti pemberian hak pendaftaran kepada para petani perempuan untuk mengakses dan mengelola lahan, serta pelaksanaan program penyadaran gender untuk para petani laki-laki.