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Bayesian Analysis of Power Function Distribution Using Different Loss Functions
Azam Zaka,Ahmad Saeed Akhter 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.7 No.6
Power function distribution is a flexible lifetime distribution that may offer a good fit to some failure data sets. In this paper, we obtain Bayesian estimators of the shape parameter of Power function distribution. For the Posterior distribution of this parameter, we consider Exponential Prior, Pareto Prior, Chi-Square Prior, Quasi Prior and Extension of Jeffrey`s Prior. The three loss functions taken up are Squared Error Loss Function (SELF), Quadratic Loss Function (QLF) and Precautionary Loss Function (PLF). The performance of an estimator is assessed on the basis of its relative Posterior risk. Monte Carlo Simulations are used to compare the performance of the estimators. It is discovered that the PLF produces the least Posterior risk when Exponential and Pareto Priors are used. SELF is the best when Chi-Square, Quasi and Extension of Jeffrey`s Priors are used.
Muhammad Waqas,Imad-ud-din Saqib,Muhammad Imran Jamil,Mohammad Ayaz Khan,Saeed Akhter 대한비뇨의학회 2018 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.59 No.1
Purpose: To evaluate the impact of various computed tomography scan-based parameters of renal stones on the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent ESWL for renal stones (sized 5–20 mm) from January 2013 to December 2016. We evaluated body mass index, location of the stone, skin-to-stone distance (SSD), stone attenuation value (SAV), stone diameter, Hounsfield density, stone area, and stone volume. Statistical analysis was done and significance was confirmed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 203 patients 122 (60.1%) had successful clearance of the stone. The presence of a double J stenting, a lower pole location, a higher SAV, higher Hounsfield density, larger stone area, larger stone diameter, and higher stone volume were negative predictors of ESWL outcome. When these parameters were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis, stone location, SSD, and SAV were the only significant independent predictors of the outcome of ESWL. Conclusions: Stone location, SSD, and SAV are reliable and strong predictors of ESWL outcome for the treatment of renal stones.
Andleeb Khan,Mohammad F. Alam,Tarique Anwer,Razan Ayoub,Rana J. H. Bahkali,Hina Rashid,Saeed Alshahrani,Marwa Qadri,Yousra Nomier,Maryam Sageer,Mohammad Suhail Akhter The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2023 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.50 No.1
Objective: Human exposure to multiple xenobiotics, over various developmental windows, results in adverse health effects arising from these concomitant exposures. Humans are widely exposed to bisphenol A, and acetaminophen is the most commonly used over-the-counter drug worldwide. Bisphenol A is a well-recognized male reproductive toxicant, and increasing evidence suggests that acetaminophen is also detrimental to the male reproductive system. The recent recognition of male reproductive system dysfunction in conditions of suboptimal reproductive outcomes makes it crucial to investigate the contributions of toxicant exposures to infertility and sub-fertility. We aimed to identify toxicity in the male reproductive system at the mitochondrial level in response to co-exposure to bisphenol A and acetaminophen, and we investigated whether melatonin ameliorated this toxicity. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=10 each): a control group and groups that received melatonin, bisphenol A, acetaminophen, bisphenol A and acetaminophen, and bisphenol A and acetaminophen with melatonin treatment. Results: Significantly higher lipid peroxidation was observed in the testicular mitochondria and sperm in the treatment groups than in the control group. Levels of glutathione and the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and manganese superoxide dismutase decreased significantly in response to the toxicant treatments. Likewise, the toxicant treatments significantly decreased the sperm count and motility, while significantly increasing sperm mortality. Melatonin mitigated the adverse effects of bisphenol A and acetaminophen. Conclusion: Co-exposure to bisphenol A and acetaminophen elevated oxidative stress in the testicular mitochondria, and this effect was alleviated by melatonin.