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SHLAPENTOKH, DMITRY Academia Via Serica 2020 Acta Via Serica Vol.5 No.1
The study of Putin's Russia should be placed in a broad historiographical context, prevailing in the West. While in the beginning of the post-Soviet era, most observers believed that Russia would reach a Fukuyamian "end of history," the situation is quite different now. At present, Western observers see Putin's Russia as the manifestation of authoritarianism. While this assumption is undoubtedly true, it does not provide much insight into the regime's operational model. Here, a comparison with Renaissance and early modern Europe might provide a clue to the operational model of the regime. Similar to early modern European rulers, Putin limits the use of direct and wide use of force, preferring manipulation, corruption, and the targeted killing of his most important enemies. In foreign policy, Putin has tried to avoid wholesale conflicts and broadly uses mercenaries, whose relationships with the Kremlin are downplayed. The similarities between Putin's regime and early modern European regimes do not mean that their destinies will be the same. In Europe, the Renaissance led to centralized states, whereas in Russia, the "Renaissance" could well lead to the country's disintegration.
Byzantine history and the discourse of the Russian political/intellectual underground
Dmitry Shlapentokh 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2012 Journal of Eurasian Studies Vol.3 No.1
Historical subjects often seem to be unrelated to current political discourse still could be often politicized in present-day Russia. And Internet discussions on these historical subjects could well provide insight into the views of the various segments of the country's population. These Internet discussions become especially important sources when one tries to look into the minds of the Russian underground, those who have practically no legal outlet for presenting their views. For this reason, the movie The Death of the Byzantine Empire, shown in the very end of the Putin presidency, is especially important. The movie, created the Orthodox priest Tikhon Shevkunov, (presumably Putin's confessor) made clear references to contemporary Russia. In the view of the producer, the Byzantine Empire was strong when it followed its autocratic tradition and was attached to Orthodoxy. The movie generated extensive discussions, including among those who belong to Russia's political and intellectual fringe. Quite a few of them were neo-pagans; for them, Christianity, including Orthodox Christianity, was Russia's curse. For them, it was an Asian creed foreign to Aryan Russians. The fact that it was accepted by Russians implied that Russians had been subjugated by an alien, Asiatic, force. Many of these neo-pagans were quite pessimistic in regard to the country's future; and, indeed, their response indicates the deep alienation of quite a few Russians, which hardly bodes well for the country's future.
The fate of Nikolai Marr’s linguistic theories: The case of linguistics in the political context
Dmitry Shlapentokh 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2011 Journal of Eurasian Studies Vol.2 No.1
Those who study the development of linguistic theories and related intellectual trends do not usually like to see intellectual trends as being directly shaped by societal changes or, even more so, by the direct intervention of raw power. As a matter of fact, it is believed that it is ideology that shapes the political and social reality. The belief in the absolute power of “discourse” over pliable social/political matter (in this interpretation, discourse permeates and shapes the social/political reality in a sort of neo-Platonic way) is shared not just by the aging post-modernist left, but even by the right—indeed, by quite a few “neocons,” who believe that ideology is of the foremost importance. According to the USA neocon strategists, it requires little eloquence to convince people that the American capitalist democracy is the best among the possible options. The military, of course, should also provide essential help by removing tyrants who prevent people from being fully cognizant of their inalienable rights. Thus, the war against “Islamofascism” is to be primarily fought on the “fields of discourse.” Still, a detailed analysis of the ideological trends could easily reveal that not only has ideological construction emerged from the political realities but also that raw power—especially in totalitarian states—shapes the course even of the majority of theoretical discussions, such as those that deal with linguistic or historical phenomena of the distant past. The case of Nikolai Marr, the leading Soviet linguist in the early Soviet era, and the legacy of his theories could be a good example.