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Dielectric and Frequency Dependent Transport Properties of Gadolinium Doped Bismuth Ferrite
A. K. Sahu,S. K. Satpathy,S.K. Rout,Banarji Behera 한국전기전자재료학회 2020 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.21 No.2
Ceramics of (Bi 1−x Gd x FeO 3 ) [x = 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7] were synthesized through mixed oxide method. Structural studies of the ceramics were done using X-ray diff raction technique. At high frequency, nearly flat response in the dielectric constant and dielectric loss with temperature up to 200 °C were observed. Dielectric constant found to increase with decrease in Gadolinium concentration. Frequency dependent electrical data analysis at diff erent temperatures suggested a temperature dependent non-Debye type relaxation process in the ceramics. Frequency dependence AC conductivity at different temperatures obeyed Jonscher’s universal power law. The temperature dependence of DC and AC conductivity was fitted with Arrhenius equation. The activation energies at different temperature ranges were calculated to understand the conduction process.
Trihalomethanes in the Cooling Discharge of a Power Plant on Chlorination of Intake Seawater
R. K. Padhi,S. Subramanian,A. K. Mohanty,S. N. Bramha,M. V. R. Prasad,K. K. Satpathy 대한환경공학회 2012 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.17 No.-
Trihalomethanes (THMs) formation and species distribution in the discharged chlorinated cooling seawater of a nuclear power plant was assessed during Aug 2010 to July 2011. The monthly variation of chlorine demand of the source seawater under laboratory chlorination conditions was studied for the same period. The entire period can be divided into two separate zones; viz. Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct (low chlorine demand), and May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Nov, Dec, Jan (high chlorine demand) months. Bromoform was found to be the single dominant THMs species in the chlorinated cooling seawater discharge. The THMs concentration was observed to be highest for the month of Nov 2010 (41 μg/L), and lowest for Feb 2011(12 μg/L). Under laboratory chlorination of intake seawater with 1 ppm Cl2, the concentration of THMs that was formed within 5–15 min is in agreement with the actual concentration in the discharge water. A simplified predictive approach is proposed for the total THMs concentration at the cooling discharge outlet of a power plant, based on the actual chlorine demand of source water.
Priyambada Mallick,A. K. Sahu,Susanta Ku. Biswal,S. K. Satpathy,Banarji Behera 한국전기전자재료학회 2022 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.23 No.5
Synthesis of polycrystalline samples of Bi 1–x R x FeO 3 (R = Nd, Gd and La) with x = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 were demonstrated through solid-state reaction method at high temperature. The X-ray diffraction technique confirmed the orthorhombic phase of the samples and structural parameters like microstrain, crystallinity percentage, and dislocation density of the composites were calculated using an approximation method from XRD data. A negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior of all the samples at various temperatures was confi rmed from the variation of resistance with temperature. The inverse dependence of dielectric constant with a doping concentration of rare earth metal was identified. Bismuth ferrite with dopants Nd, La, and Gd was found to have the potential to be used as an NTC Thermistor by enhancing the value of thermistor constant (β), sensitivity factor (α), and stability factor.