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Progress and recent trends in photodynamic therapy with nanoparticles
Rhew Kiyon,Chae Yoon-Jee,Chang Ji-Eun 한국약제학회 2022 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.52 No.5
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment option for various therapeutic areas owing to its outstanding advantages compared with conventional therapies. PDT consists of three main components; a photosensitizer, a proper wavelength of light and oxygen. This alternative treatment is based on the selective accumulation of photosensitizers which generate reactive oxygen species to induce cell apoptosis and necrosis under the light irradiation. PDT provides less invasive way with high therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. When PDT is combined with nanoplatform, drug loading efficacy, tissue targeting efficiency and accumulation rate were enhanced leading to increase the therapeutic effect of PDT. Area covered In this review, we described progress and recent trends in nanoplatform-based PDT in various cancers and infectious diseases. We have selected lung cancer, liver cancer, and breast cancer for representative cancer types furthermore, bacteria-infected wound and acne vulgaris for typical infectious diseases. The above therapeutic areas were chosen since the researches on PDT with nanoparticles are actively ongoing with these indications. PDT as well as PDT with chemotherapy, and PDT with immunotherapy strategies were covered in this review. Expert opinion Nanotechnology combined with PDT greatly improved the therapeutic efficacy compared with PDT alone. In addition, novel combination strategies effectively enhanced the therapeutic outcomes with reduced side effects. However, more safety data will be needed to lead these innovative strategies to the clinical trials.
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문순지,이영숙,유기연,Moon, Soon Ji,Lee, Young Suk,Rhew, Kiyon 한국임상약학회 2018 한국임상약학회지 Vol.28 No.2
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can affect many organs of the body but usually affects the lungs. The prevalence of TB in Korea is considerably higher than that in other countries with similar economic levels, and is much higher in elderly people. Pharmacotherapy is important in the treatment of TB and requires relatively high compliance for a prolonged duration. Methods: We analyzed sample data of elderly patients obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. We used logistic regression analysis and frequency analysis to identify factors that could affect prevalence of TB in elderly patients, compliance with prescribed medication regimes in these patients, and use of medical institutions. Korean Standard Classification of Diseases, version 7 (KCD-7) was used to diagnose pulmonary TB, and medications were analyzed using Korean standardized drug classification codes. Results: 1,276,331 patients were analyzed in the sample of the elderly population, and 16,658 TB patients were included in the study. The mean age of the TB patients was 76.19 years (SD 6.899). A total of 699 patients were prescribed isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, or pyrazinamide at least once. Of these, 352 (50.4%) were prescribed all four medications and 101 (14.4%) were prescribed only isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. The mean duration of prescription was 28.75 days (SD 36.13). Conclusion: In the elderly population, old age and poor socioeconomic conditions correlated with TB prevalence. Most patients did not meet the criteria for effective pharmacotherapy of TB.
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