Characterization of Some Iranians and Foreign Walnut Genotypes Using Morphological Traits and RAPD Markers

Reza Fatahi,Aziz Ebrahimi,Zabihollah Zamani 한국원예학회 2010 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.51 No.1

Walnut, (Juglans regia), is one of the most important nutritive nut crops. Iran is considered as one of the centers for diversity and cultivation of walnut in middle-eastern part of the world. In this study, some morphological traits in combination with polymorphic RAPD primers were applied to evaluate genetic potential of 35 (31 Iranian and four foreign) walnut genotypes. From 14 RAPD primers, 180 DNA bands were amplified among which 174 were highly polymorphic. The lowest and the highest pair-wise similarity coefficients between examined genotypes were 0.27 and 0.89, respectively. Estimated resolving power index (Rp) were from 2.17 (opAD16) to 8.40 (opAA19) and total resolving power (Rp) 70.61 in all 14 RAPD loci. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficients and UPGMA method divided the genotypes into five groups at similarity of 0.50, which the main group consisted of 31 genotypes including 4 foreign cultivars. Genetic variation among locations took 9.48% of the total genetic variation detected with Analysis of molecular variances (AMOVA) (p<0.001). Most Iranian genotypes grouped closely with foreign cultivars and showed high similarities indicating their close genetic relatedness. RAPD markers showed to be an efficient technique for studying genetic diversity of walnut genotypes. These genotypes with different genetic bases and suitable horticultural traits seem to be good candidates applicable for direct use as vegetatively propagated material or as parents in walnut improvement programs.

Genetic Relationships of Some Pistacia Species Using RAPD and AFLP Markers

Hamid Reza Karimi,Zabihala Zamani,Ali Ebadi,Mohamad Reza Fatahi 한국원예학회 2009 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.50 No.6

Genetic diversity of plant species can be evaluated by various methods. The DNA markers are one of the most powerful techniques, because they are not affected by environmental factors as well as plant developmental stages. Markers such as RAPD, AFLP, RFLP and SSR are used for studying genetic diversity of plants. In order to corroborate our results and to minimize the experimental errors, in the present study, AFLP and RAPD markers were used. Genetic similarities (GS) were calculated for both markers using the Jaccard and Dice algorithms. Six AFLP primer combinations used in this study generated 475 scorable bands, of which 336 bands were polymorphic, while the 12 RAPD primers produced 130 bands, of which 118 showed polymorphism. Using Jaccard and Dice algorithms, correlation between the genetic similarity and cophenetic coefficient (CCC) for RAPD marker were 0.82 and 0.77, respectively. In the case of AFLP, CCC was 0.91 and 0.89, respectively. The highest CCCs were calculated with the Jaccard method.

Soil-structure interaction vs Site effect for seismic design of tall buildings on soft soil

Fatahi, Behzad,Tabatabaiefar, S. Hamid Reza,Samali, Bijan Techno-Press 2014 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.6 No.3

In this study, in order to evaluate adequacy of considering local site effect, excluding soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects in inelastic dynamic analysis and design of mid-rise moment resisting building frames, three structural models including 5, 10, and 15 storey buildings are simulated in conjunction with two soil types with the shear wave velocities less than 600 m/s, representing soil classes $D_e$ and $E_e$ according to the classification of AS1170.4-2007 (Earthquake actions in Australia) having 30 m bedrock depth. Structural sections of the selected frames were designed according to AS3600:2009 (Australian Standard for Concrete Structures) after undertaking inelastic dynamic analysis under the influence of four different earthquake ground motions. Then the above mentioned frames were analysed under three different boundary conditions: (i) fixed base under direct influence of earthquake records; (ii) fixed base considering local site effect modifying the earthquake record only; and (iii) flexible-base (considering full soil-structure interaction). The results of the analyses in terms of base shears and structural drifts for the above mentioned boundary conditions are compared and discussed. It is concluded that the conventional inelastic design procedure by only including the local site effect excluding SSI cannot adequately guarantee the structural safety for mid-rise moment resisting buildings higher than 5 storeys resting on soft soil deposits.

Evaluation of strength properties of cement stabilized sand mixed with EPS beads and fly ash

Chenari, Reza Jamshidi,Fatahi, Behzad,Ghorbani, Ali,Alamoti, Mohsen Nasiri Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.14 No.6

The importance of using materials cost effectively to enhance the strength and reduce the cost, and weight of earth fill materials in geotechnical engineering led researchers to seek for modifying the soil properties by adding proper additives. Lightweight fill materials made of soil, binder, water, and Expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads are increasingly being used in geotechnical practices. This paper primarily investigates the behavior of sandy soil, modified by EPS particles. Besides, the mechanical properties of blending sand, EPS and the binder material such as fly ash and cement were examined in different mixing ratios using a number of various laboratory studies including the Modified Standard Proctor (MSP) test, the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test, the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test and the Direct Shear test (DST). According to the results, an increase of 0.1% of EPS results in a reduction of the density of the mixture for 10%, as well as making the mixture more ductile rather than brittle. Moreover, the compressive strength, CBR value and shear strength parameters of the mixture decreases by an increase of the EPS beads, a trend on the contrary to the increase of cement and fly ash content.

φ-prime Subsemimodules of Semimodules over Commutative Semirings

Fatemeh Fatahi,Reza Safakish 경북대학교 자연과학대학 수학과 2020 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.60 No.3

Let R be a commutative semiring with identity and M be a unitary Rsemimodule.Let φ : S(M) →S(M) ∪ {∅} be a function, where S(M) is the set of all subsemimodules of M. A proper subsemimodule N of M is called φ-prime subsemimodule, if r ∈ R and x ∈ M with rx ∈ N \φ(N) implies that r ∈ (N :R M) or x ∈ N. So if we take φ(N) = ∅ (resp., φ(N) = {0}), a φ-prime subsemimodule is prime (resp., weakly prime). In this article we study the properties of several generalizations of prime subsemimodules.

Evaluation of numerical procedures to determine seismic response of structures under influence of soil-structure interaction

Hamid Reza Tabatabaiefar,Behzad Fatahi,Kazem Ghabraie,Wan-Huan Zhou 국제구조공학회 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.56 No.1

In this study, the accuracy and reliability of fully nonlinear method against equivalent linear method for dynamic analysis of soil-structure interaction is investigated comparing the predicted results of both numerical procedures with the results of experimental shaking table tests. An enhanced numerical soil-structure model has been developed which treats the behaviour of the soil and the structure with equal rigour. The soil-structural model comprises a 15 storey structural model resting on a soft soil inside a laminar soil container. The structural model was analysed under three different conditions: (i) fixed base model performing conventional time history dynamic analysis, (ii) flexible base model (considering full soil-structure interaction) conducting equivalent linear dynamic analysis, and (iii) flexible base model performing fully nonlinear dynamic analysis. The results of the above mentioned three cases in terms of lateral storey deflections and inter-storey drifts are determined and compared with the experimental results of shaking table tests. Comparing the experimental results with the numerical analysis predictions, it is noted that equivalent linear method of dynamic analysis underestimates the inelastic seismic response of mid-rise moment resisting building frames resting on soft soils in comparison to the fully nonlinear dynamic analysis method. Thus, inelastic design procedure, using equivalent linear method, cannot adequately guarantee the structural safety for mid-rise building frames resting on soft soils. However, results obtained from the fully nonlinear method of analysis fit the experimental results reasonably well. Therefore, this method is recommended to be used by practicing engineers.

Assessment of Morphological Variation between Some Iranian Wild Cerasus Sub-genus Genotypes

Ali Shahi-Gharahlar,Zabihollah Zamani,Mohammad Reza Fatahi,Naser Bouzari 한국원예학회 2010 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.51 No.4

Iran is one of the important countries for the distribution of Cerasus subgenus species with around 225,000 tons production of cherries. Together with Turkey and USA it has been one among the three leading producers of these fruits. One of the important aims in cherry breeding is developing dwarfing rootstocks with good adaptation with different climates and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. A program has been initialized in Iran for breeding and developing new rootstocks for cherries, suitable for climatic and edaphic condition of this country. The present study was conducted under this program to categorize some Cerasus sub-genus wild genotypes and improved cultivars and rootstocks, by using vegetative characters. Conservation of the genetic resources of these species is another important aim of this program. Around 27 morphological parameters were evaluated on 74 genotypes in seven species of this sub-genus from eight provinces of Iran. These consisted of P. avium L., P. cerasus L., P. mahaleb L., P. incana Pall., P. brachypetala Boiss., P. pseudoprostrata Pojark. and P. microcarpa Bioss. Analysis of variance of the studied parameters was significant among genotypes, showing a high level of variability for the characters. Results of simple correlation analysis showed the existence of significant positive and negative correlations among some important parameters such as tree height, tree growth habit, trunk diameter, internode length, growth compactness and leaf area. Also, factor analysis showed that tree growth habit, height, growth compactness, trunk diameter, internode length, pubescence on the leaf upper surface and number of leaf serration per cm constitute the main factors. Effective characters were categorized within six factors and accounted for 77.74 of overall variance. Cluster analysis was performed using these six factors and genotypes in the approximate distance of 13 were divided into six main groups. These groups were divided into several sub-clusters and improved varieties or cultivars were clearly separated from the others. The P. cerasus cultivars and genotypes together with one genotype of the P. avium and improved rootstocks (‘Gisela6’ and ‘Colt’) located in one sub-cluster. Scatter plot analysis using two main factors could also clearly separate the location of genotypes and verified genotypes from each other.

Evaluation of Genetic Relationships among Some Persian Cultivated and a Wild Pomegranate Accessions Using RAPDs and SSRs Molecular Markers

Abdolkarim Zarei,Zabihollah Zamani,Mohammad Reza Fatahi Moghadam 한국원예학회 2009 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.50 No.3

Twenty-eight cultivated pomegranates, one hybrid seedling and one wild accession from three provinces (five eco-geographical regions) of Iran were used for the determination of their genetic relationships by using RAPD markers. Sixty-seven RAPD decamer primers were screened, out of which twenty were amplified good, reproducible and polymorphic fragments among accessions. From a total of 309 recorded fragments, 174 were polymorphic between accessions (57.64%). The Jaccard’s similarity coefficients ranged from 0.15 (between the wild accession and Poost-Sefide-Torsh cv.) to 0.95 (between ‘Shirin-Shahvar’ and ‘Shirine-Hastei’). The collective resolving power (Rp) rate value of 36.08 was scored for all RAPD primer bands. UPGMA dendrogram clustered the accessions in agreement with their geographical origins. In addition, nine SSRs loci were examined on these accessions that only one of them was polymorphic. This study revealed that the wild accession of pomegranate was genetically different from domesticated ones, indicating that wild genotypes are worthy for consideration in breeding programs of pomegranate.

Towards modeling growth of apricot fruit: finding a proper growth model

Jannatizadeh Abbasali,Rezaei Mehdi,Rohani Abbas,Lawson Shaneka,Fatahi Reza 한국원예학회 2023 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.64 No.2

Fruit growth patterns are often exploited in predictions of fi nal fruit size and to inform planting and harvesting decisions. Ten local apricot ( Prunus armeniaca ) varieties with superior genotypes (two early-ripening, fi ve mid-ripening and three late-ripening varieties) were assessed using 20 nonlinear regression models (NRMs) and a radial basis function (RBF) neural network model. Fruit diameter and weight measurements for each genotype were collected at four-day intervals from fruit set to commercial harvest. Patterns based on diameter and weights were attributed to each genotype. Among the NRM tested, only four were able to fl awlessly predict apricot diameter and weight during the growing season. In addition, comparison of nonlinear regression methods with the neural network indicated than the RBF model displayed fewer prediction errors than the NRMs. The RBF model predicted fruit size with a coeffi cient of determination (R 2 value) greater than 0.95. Therefore, predictions of growth patterns in fruit trees can be accomplished with neural network modeling.