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Investigating energy partitioning during photosynthesis using an expanded quantum yield convention
Ahn, T.K.,Avenson, T.J.,Peers, G.,Li, Z.,Dall'Osto, L.,Bassi, R.,Niyogi, K.K.,Fleming, G.R. Elsevier Science Publishers [etc.] 2009 Chemical physics Vol.357 No.1
In higher plants, regulation of excess absorbed light is essential for their survival and fitness, as it enables avoidance of a build up of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. Regulation processes (known as non-photochemical quenching; NPQ) can be monitored by steady-state fluorescence on intact plant leaves. Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence have been used for over 20 years to evaluate the amount of NPQ and photochemistry (PC). Recently, a quantum yield representation of NPQ (Φ<SUB>NPQ</SUB>), which incorporates a variable fraction of open reaction centers, was proposed by Hendrickson et al. [L. Hendrickson, R.T. Furbank, W.S. Chow, Photosynth. Res. 82 (2004) 73]. In this work we extend the quantum yield approach to describe the yields of reversible energy-dependent quenching (Φ<SUB>qE</SUB>), state transitions to balance PC between photosystems II and I (Φ<SUB>qT</SUB>), and photoinhibition quenching associated with damaged reaction centers (Φ<SUB>qI</SUB>). We showed the additivity of the various quantum yield components of NPQ through experiments on wild-type and npq1 strains of Arabidopsis thaliana. The quantum yield approach enables comparison of Φ<SUB>qE</SUB> with data from a variety of techniques used to investigate the mechanism of qE. We showed that Φ<SUB>qE</SUB> for a series of A. thaliana genotypes scales linearly with the magnitude of zeaxanthin cation formation, suggesting that charge-transfer quenching is largely responsible for qE in plants.
Toward unrestricted use of public genomic data
Amann, Rudolf I.,Baichoo, Shakuntala,Blencowe, Benjamin J.,Bork, Peer,Borodovsky, Mark,Brooksbank, Cath,Chain, Patrick S. G.,Colwell, Rita R.,Daffonchio, Daniele G.,Danchin, Antoine,de Lorenzo, Victor American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2019 Science Vol.363 No.6425
<P>Despite some notable progress in data sharing policies and practices, restrictions are still often placed on the open and unconditional use of various genomic data after they have received official approval for release to the public domain or to public databases. These restrictions, which often conflict with the terms and conditions of the funding bodies who supported the release of those data for the benefit of the scientific community and society, are perpetuated by the lack of clear guiding rules for data usage. Existing guidelines for data released to the public domain recognize but fail to resolve tensions between the importance of free and unconditional use of these data and the “right” of the data producers to the first publication. This self-contradiction has resulted in a loophole that allows different interpretations and a continuous debate between data producers and data users on the use of public data. We argue that the publicly available data should be treated as open data, a shared resource with unrestricted use for analysis, interpretation, and publication.</P>